The primary purpose of this research is to examine the impact of climate change on maize production in Pakistan. This research studied the impact of climate change on maize production in Pakistan from 1990 to 2020 using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique and draws implications for the future of Pakistan's sustainable agricultural industry. According to ARDL's short-run and long-run analyses, variables such as average temperature (AVEGTP), carbon dioxide (CO2), precipitation (PRPT), and tube well irrigation (TWL) all have a significant short-run and long-run impact on maize yield at the 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % significance levels. The estimated findings were also affirmed through FMOLS and DOLS. The study's key findings indicated that variables such as average temperature, carbon dioxide, precipitation, and tube well irrigation had significant short-run and long-run impacts on maize yield. Climate change's impacts on maize yield underline the crucial need for action to address this global issue and ensure agriculture's future. A recent study has emphasized the significant impact of climate change on Pakistan's maize production, stressing the importance of addressing this global issue for food security. The study recommends selecting crop varieties and managing fertilizer applications based on projected climate change to mitigate the impending crisis. Policymakers can use the study's findings as valuable insights to formulate effective policies that ensure the resilience and sustainability of Pakistan's agricultural industry.

This study examines how various environmental and economic variables contribute to environmental degradation. Industrialization, trade openness, and foreign direct investment are among the variables, as are environmental diplomacy, environmental diplomacy secure, and renewable energy consumption. Therefore, the data covers the years 1991–2020, and our sample includes all 19 countries and two groups (the European Union and the African Union). The research used the Pesaran CD test to determine cross-section dependency, CIPS and CADF test to determine stationarity, the Wald test for hetrodcedasasticity and the Wooldridge test for autocorrelation; therefore, VIF for multicollinearity, Durbin and Hausman to analyze the endogeneity. It also employed Westerlund’s cointegration test to ensure cross-sectional dependence, Wald test for group-wise heteroscedasticity, Wooldridge test for autocorrelation, VIF for multicollinearity, and Durbin and Hausman for endogeneity. The two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to estimate the results and confirm the relationship between independent variables (Industrialization, trade openness, FDI, environmental diplomacy, secure environmental diplomacy, and renewable energy) and dependent variables (Environmental Degradation) in G20 countries. Therefore, Industrialization, trade openness, foreign direct investment, ecological diplomacy, and renewable energy consumption significantly impact ecological degradation. Environmental diplomacy is crucial to combat degradation and stimulate global collaboration. G20 nations enact strict environmental restrictions to tackle climate change and encourage economic growth.

Cost and Net Return of Tobacco Growers – A Case Study of District Mardan (KP- Pakistan)

This study is important in measuring the role of investment in information and communication technology (ICT), financial inclusion and governance indicators on environmental performance in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies. Hence, this study aims to explore the strategies for decarbonization and improve sustainable development through technological innovation and governance improvement. This study used the pool mean group–autoregressive distributed lag methodology to measure the short- and long-term effects of ICT investment, financial inclusion and governance indicators on environmental performance. It covered data from 1991 to 2022 from 25 OECD countries. This study observed stationarity of the variables at the first difference, weak correlation between the variables, strong cross-section dependency and cointegration among the variables. The findings also observed that investment in ICT with private participation, financial inclusion, rule of law and government effectiveness significantly decline the level of CO₂ emission both in the short and long term. Besides, voice and accountability increase the level of CO₂ emission and strongly affect the environmental performance of OECD economies. Policymakers of the OECD countries can improve environmental performance by encouraging ICT investment, expanding financial inclusion and improving the governance frameworks. Policymakers must initiate by encouraging green finance, improving resource efficiency and efficient waste management can raise the environmental performance. The adverse effect of voice and accountability on environmental performance needs refining governance frameworks to support them with environmental goals. This study provides a new insight into the existing literature by incorporating ICT investment, financial inclusion and governance indicators in a unified framework for improving environmental performance. This study provides a new perspective on how the selected variable plays a significant role in decarbonization and achieving sustainable development. This study also provides a framework for decision-makers to combat climatic issues by improvising good governance.