It is believed that Industry 4.0., as an integration of business and technologies, can significantly improve companies’ process performances and their innovation. However, most companies are not aware or not capable of assessing their Industry 4.0 maturity level. Since many considerations on Industry 4.0 successfulness include elements of the quality management system, ISO 9004:2018 guidance for achieving sustained success is considered in this paper as a possible basis for assessment of maturity level of quality in Industry 4.0, framed as Quality 4.0. The questionnaire with a sample size of 335 companies is used to explore the topic. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to verify the ISO 9004:2018 model potential to be used for assessing Quality 4.0 maturity level. Results show that the Context of an organisation positively impacts the Identity of an organisation and Leadership. Therewithal, the Identity of an organisation is recognised to be a positive influencing predictor of Leadership that is proved to be a positive predictor of Process management and Resource management. Furthermore, Resource management is proved to have a positive impact on Performance analysis and evaluation as well on Improvement, learning and innovation construct. The findings indicate the model is usable in the context of Quality 4.0. Such a model could be utilised as a basis for developing a sustainable Quality 4.0 system roadmap.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model for exploring the recall and recognition of embedded advertisements of sponsors. Design/methodology/approach: To verify the proposed conceptual model on a particular sports competition, a questionnaire related to the UEFA Champions League sponsors in the season 2016/2017 was designed. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings: The results provided support to the claim that higher involvement in a sport and higher exposure to a sponsored event lead to higher recall and recognition of embedded advertisements. Conversely, the same two factors alongside sponsor awareness do not affect the attitude towards sponsors. On the other hand, sponsor awareness and attitude towards sponsors have a direct positive role on the future purchase intention of sponsor products/services. Practical implications: The findings illustrate that to maximise the effectiveness of their embedded advertisements, sponsors should not merely concentrate on brand awareness, but should go beyond and attempt to improve the consumers’ positive perception of their products and services. Moreover, by sponsoring a sport event, the sponsors can be sure that their message will be effectively transmitted to the ones who are fans of the sport and the sponsored competition. Originality/value: The present study empirically explores the factors which influence the recall and recognition of embedded advertisements and how the achieved level of sponsorship awareness impacts purchase intentions.

Background: The World Bank (WB) acknowledged the importance of business regulatory environment and therefore created a metric which ranks 190 countries based on their level of business regulation for domestic firms measured by the Doing Business Index (DBI). Objectives: The question which attracted our attention is whether all the observed entities should be given the same weighting scheme. Methods/Approach: The approach we propose as an answer is two-fold. First, we cluster the countries covered by the DBI. In the next step, we apply the statistical multivariate Composite I-distance Indicator (CIDI) methodology to determine new, data-driven weights for each of the retained clusters. Results: The obtained results show that there is a difference between the weighting schemes proposed by the CIDI methodology. Conclusions: One can argue that one weighting scheme does not fit all the observed countries, meaning that additional analyses on the DBI are suggested to explore its stability and its weighting scheme.