To comprehensively explore the research hotpots and trends in soil salinization in China, CiteSpace software (version 6.3.R1) was used to visualize the knowledge graph and bibliometric analysis of relevant literature from 2000 to 2024 in the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) database and Web of Science (WoS) database. Analysis of 1963 CNKI documents and 2134 WoS documents published by 249 units for annual publications, research institutions, authors, and keyword graph revealed that the annual publication volume of the literature in the field of salinization shows an upward trend and the volume of quality English publications is higher than that of Chinese. The cooperation network of authors and institutions had already been formed in the field. The cooperation among research institutes was stable, and a core group of authors had already been formed. Since 2020, “spectral index”, “machine learning”, “remote sensing inversion”, “spatial and temporal changes”, “inter-root”, “simulation”, “oasis”, “ rainy season”, and “soil water content” have become hot words in research. The visualization of spatial and temporal distribution of soil salts based on big data and artificial intelligence has become the focus of attention of the academic community. Therefore, the challenges of salinization should be better addressed through scientific and technological innovation and comprehensive measures. The results of the study are expected to provide scientific references for the field of salinization in China.

Five layers of detrital amphiboles in the CJ08-008 sediment core from the northwest Indian Ocean have been found. To analyze their genetic types and provenance, an electron probe microanalysis of 300 amphibole grains from the core was conducted to calculate the numerical and characteristic values of cations in the crystal structure. The results showed that amphiboles with high Si, Ca, and Mg contents and low Na and K contents exhibit a low degree of weathering and that amphiboles mainly comprise tschermakite (46.43~70.69%), followed by magnesiohornblende, in the calcic amphibole subgroup. The types of sources for these amphiboles are mainly different types of metamorphic and magmatic rock. A large proportion of the detrital amphiboles (>60%) are derived from metamorphic rocks, followed by intermediate acid-intrusive rocks. The genetic analysis of amphiboles showed that most of the medium acid-intrusive amphiboles belong to the crust–mantle type, followed by the mantle type. Most of the amphiboles of metamorphic origin are of the low-pressure type. The amphiboles in the CJ08-008 sediment core exhibit characteristics different from those brought by monsoons from surrounding land masses. The variations in the amphiboles indicate different sources, which may have different origins; these origins could include the Carlsberg Ridge, the Owen Fault Zone, or older submarine sediment sequences eroded by turbidity currents.