Urban heat islands (UHIs) can present significant risks to human health. Santiago, Chile has around 7 million residents, concentrated in an average density of 480 people/km². During the last few summer seasons, the highest extreme maximum temperatures in over 100 years have been recorded. Given the projections in temperature increase for this metropolitan region over the next 50 years, the Santiago UHI could have an important impact on the health and stress of the general population. We studied the presence and spatial variability of UHIs in Santiago during the summer seasons from 2005 to 2017 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery and data from nine meteorological stations. Simple regression models, geographic weighted regression (GWR) models and geostatistical interpolations were used to find nocturnal thermal differences in UHIs of up to 9 °C, as well as increases in the magnitude and extension of the daytime heat island from summer 2014 to 2017. Understanding the behavior of the UHI of Santiago, Chile, is important for urban planners and local decision makers. Additionally, understanding the spatial pattern of the UHI could improve knowledge about how urban areas experience and could mitigate climate change.

Bioclimatic urbanism recreates an urban ecosystem vision to channel a type of urbanization that is friendlier with the environment. It recalls how the natural abiotic element such as water, air, ground and energy, operate in a cyclical way. Dysfunction of those cycles by anthropogenic actions has provoked urban pathologies that have been tackled by state action plans and regulations. Given that climate is a key factor in those cycles, a territorial climatic zoning is proposed to give accessible information for urban planners and project practitioners. Information is useful for estimating energy demand and applying climatic resources in urban and environmental planning. The methodology consisted in leveraging databases of meteorological stations along Chile, which were interpolated and geo-referenced through Geographical Information Systems. Results deliver homogeneous territorial units that spatially aggregate meteorological values, which are influential in the bioclimatic urbanism cycles, complementing the current Chilean normative (NCh1079.of2008).

Explosive growing of building stock in the last years on the Chilean cities has been reflected on skyscrapers real states nodes that burst urban form. Externalities are observed as shadows that impact on thermal and luminous conditions above neighbourhood buildings and urban space. Those buildings have been constructed according to urbanism normative but they affect incident sunlight on facades and ground. Consequently it decreases possibilities to capture and use as clean renewable energy, relevant issue in current context of Net Billing. The objective of the paper is to explore different ways of plot site changing building height but keeping built coefficient in five Chilean cities: Santiago, Valparaiso, Concepcion, Temuco, and Puerto Montt. Methodology consists of computational 3D modelling and energy simulation of spatial configuration. Cities selected are located on waterfront or on central valley in the middle of the Chilean territory in which there are the most urbanized areas with significant real state growing. Results shows higher energy values on facades of spatial configuration with high buildings and lower ones on ground. Thus a discussion is highlighted whether current urban ordinance should promote sunlight capture on private (facades) or public space (ground) or simply both of them _____________________ El explosivo crecimiento del stock edificado de los últimos años en las ciudades chilenas se ha visto reflejado en concentraciones inmobiliarias de gran altura, que irrumpen estrepitosamente en la morfología urbana. Externalidades son observadas en los espacios y edificios vecinos tales como extensas áreas de sombreamiento que afectan las condiciones térmicas y lumínicas. Estas concentraciones se realizan acordes a la norma urbanística, pero afectan la luz solar incidente en fachadas y suelos, disminuyendo las posibilidades de captación y uso como energía renovable limpia: factor relevante en contexto actual de Net Billing. El objetivo del presente artículo es explorar mediante modelos espaciales 3D y simulaciones computacionales energéticas, distintas formas de ocupación de suelo; cambiando la altura edificada, pero manteniendo la constructibilidad en cinco ciudades chilenas: Santiago, Valparaíso, Concepción, Temuco y Puerto Montt Las ciudades seleccionadas se sitúan en el centro sur de Chile, emplazadas tanto en el borde costero como el valle central y han presentado crecimientos inmobiliarios importantes en los últimos años. Los resultados muestran valores de energía capturada en fachadas mayores que en suelos y en configuraciones de más altura, respecto a las menores. Ello propone una discusión a la normativa actual chilena respecto a privilegiar la captación de luz solar en ámbito privado (fachadas) o en espacio público (suelos), o en ambo

La alta densidad con edificios inmobiliarios de gran altura bloquea el acceso solar al espacio urbano y con ello limita las condiciones térmicas y lumínicas necesarias para la vida del ser humano. La renovación urbanística es parte de la transformación de las ciudades, pero la sobreocupación del suelo debe regularse por los problemas ambientales urbanos generados por el negocio inmobiliario per se. El objetivo del artículo es explorar alternativas de ocupación predial considerando algunos parámetros normativos del plan regulador y los efectos energéticos de proyectos inmobiliarios sobre el espacio urbano, mediante el concepto de acceso solar. La metodología considera simulaciones energéticas de forma urbana para obtener como resultado un método de análisis que relacione normativa urbanística con una cuantificación energética solar. Compara pérdidas y/o ganancias solares para el espacio urbano (calle y fachadas) en distintos escenarios morfológicos. Con este método, se exploran preliminarmente parámetros tales como altura y distanciamientos en una tipología edificatoria residencial (torres) que mitiguen las externalidades solares en vecinos. Se concluye que es factible mitigar el acceso solar en espacio urbano; mediante un ensanche del perfil de calle, y el correspondiente aumento de altura edificada; lo que indica que la relación altura/ancho H/W es más relevante que la altura per se del edificio. Con ello, se pretende avanzar con propuestas conducentes hacia una contribución a la Ley de Aportes al Espacio Público.

Next COP25 will be held in Santiago city in 2019 and its slogan is “Time for Action” so the urban planning has something relevant to say. Given that cities and renewable energy are explicit thematic lines in the conference the current paper focus on that. Link between cities and solar energy affects stakeholders such as the real estate agents and community so they are both concerns of the public policy. Real estate agent needs to be aware of a technical matter that affects resident lives at the neighbourhood scale. To address climate change two approaches has been declared by IPCC: mitigation and adaptation measures. The former focus on reduction of CO₂ in which building sector plays a fundamental role in this task. Solar energy is a source of clean energy for heating and lighting the buildings. Therefore, it might be protected from solar obstruction coming from building surrounding. The purpose of the study is to discuss and old concept as solar access in a new context real states development giving some quantitative and qualitative assessments on facades under and none solar obstructions. Methodology consists of daily monitoring of insolation on building facades besides of modelling and simulation in Ñuñoa neighbourhood in Santiago in winter. Results reveal that a significant reduction of intensity in radiation is observed in those circumstances. Obstruction and no obstruction are the scenes analysed to compare irradiation on building facades. In addition, a qualitative analysis is made based on residents perceptions. Urbanism normative about shadows cast are also analysed to set out current limitations and possibilities to improve the legal instrument in the future. Conclusions state that a new focus is recommended for the public policy: think in surrounding energy effects rather than the building alone if mitigation measures want to be applied for sustainable urban planning.