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Jean-Luc Gatti
INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d’Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France

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Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Toxins
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Meteorus pulchricornis (Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae) is an endoparasitoid wasp of lepidopteran caterpillars. Its parasitic success relies on vesicles (named M. pulchricornis Virus-Like Particles or MpVLPs) that are synthesized in the venom gland and injected into the parasitoid host along with the venom during oviposition. In order to define the content and understand the biogenesis of these atypical vesicles, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the venom gland and a proteomic analysis of the venom and purified MpVLPs. About half of the MpVLPs and soluble venom proteins identified were unknown and no similarity with any known viral sequence was found. However, MpVLPs contained a large number of proteins labelled as metalloproteinases while the most abundant protein family in the soluble venom was that of proteins containing the Domain of Unknown Function DUF-4803. The high number of these proteins identified suggests that a large expansion of these two protein families occurred in M. pulchricornis. Therefore, although the exact mechanism of MpVLPs formation remains to be elucidated, these vesicles appear to be “metalloproteinase bombs” that may have several physiological roles in the host including modifying the functions of its immune cells. The role of DUF4803 proteins, also present in the venom of other braconids, remains to be clarified.

ACS Style

Jean-Luc Gatti; Maya Belghazi; Fabrice Legeai; Marc Ravallec; Marie Frayssinet; Stéphanie Robin; Djibril Aboubakar-Souna; Ramasamy Srinivasan; Manuele Tamò; Marylène Poirié; Anne-Nathalie Volkoff. Proteo-Trancriptomic Analyses Reveal a Large Expansion of Metalloprotease-Like Proteins in Atypical Venom Vesicles of the Wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Braconidae). Toxins 2021, 13, 502 .

AMA Style

Jean-Luc Gatti, Maya Belghazi, Fabrice Legeai, Marc Ravallec, Marie Frayssinet, Stéphanie Robin, Djibril Aboubakar-Souna, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Manuele Tamò, Marylène Poirié, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff. Proteo-Trancriptomic Analyses Reveal a Large Expansion of Metalloprotease-Like Proteins in Atypical Venom Vesicles of the Wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Braconidae). Toxins. 2021; 13 (7):502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Luc Gatti; Maya Belghazi; Fabrice Legeai; Marc Ravallec; Marie Frayssinet; Stéphanie Robin; Djibril Aboubakar-Souna; Ramasamy Srinivasan; Manuele Tamò; Marylène Poirié; Anne-Nathalie Volkoff. 2021. "Proteo-Trancriptomic Analyses Reveal a Large Expansion of Metalloprotease-Like Proteins in Atypical Venom Vesicles of the Wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Braconidae)." Toxins 13, no. 7: 502.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Insects
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Temperature is particularly important for ectotherms, including endoparasitoid wasps that develop inside another ectotherm host. In this study, we tested the impact of three temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) on the host–parasitoid immune interaction using two Drosophila host species (Drosophila melanogaster and D. yakuba) and two parasitoid lines of Leptopilina boulardi. Drosophila’s immune defense against parasitoids consists of the formation of a melanized capsule surrounding the parasitoid egg. To counteract this response, Leptopilina parasitoids rely on the injection of venom during oviposition. Here, we tested the effect of temperature on parasitic success and host encapsulation capacity in response to a parasitoid egg or other foreign body. Increased temperature either promoted or did not affect the parasitic success, depending on the parasitoid–host pairs considered. The mechanisms behind the higher success seemed to vary depending on whether the temperature primarily affected the host immune response or also affected the parasitoid counter-immune response. Next, we tested the effect of parasitoid rearing temperature on its success and venom composition. Venom composition varied strongly with temperature for both parasitoid lines, partially consistent with a change in their parasitic success. Overall, temperature may have a significant impact on the host–parasitoid immune interaction.

ACS Style

Fanny Cavigliasso; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirié. Impact of Temperature on the Immune Interaction between a Parasitoid Wasp and Drosophila Host Species. Insects 2021, 12, 647 .

AMA Style

Fanny Cavigliasso, Jean-Luc Gatti, Dominique Colinet, Marylène Poirié. Impact of Temperature on the Immune Interaction between a Parasitoid Wasp and Drosophila Host Species. Insects. 2021; 12 (7):647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanny Cavigliasso; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirié. 2021. "Impact of Temperature on the Immune Interaction between a Parasitoid Wasp and Drosophila Host Species." Insects 12, no. 7: 647.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2021 in Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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In healthy Drosophila melanogaster larvae, plasmatocytes and crystal cells account for 95% and 5% of the hemocytes, respectively. A third type of hemocytes, lamellocytes, are rare, but their number increases after oviposition by parasitoid wasps. The lamellocytes form successive layers around the parasitoid egg, leading to its encapsulation and melanization, and finally the death of this intruder. However, the total number of lamellocytes per larva remains quite low even after parasitoid infestation, making direct biochemical studies difficult. Here, we used the HopTum-l mutant strain that constitutively produces large numbers of lamellocytes to set up a purification method and analyzed their major proteins by 2D gel electrophoresis and their plasma membrane surface proteins by 1D SDS-PAGE after affinity purification. Mass spectrometry identified 430 proteins from 2D spots and 344 affinity-purified proteins from 1D bands, for a total of 639 unique proteins. Known lamellocyte markers such as PPO3 and the myospheroid integrin were among the components identified with specific chaperone proteins. Affinity purification detected other integrins, as well as a wide range of integrin-associated proteins involved in the formation and function of cell-cell junctions. Overall, the newly identified proteins indicate that these cells are highly adapted to the encapsulation process (recognition, motility, adhesion, signaling), but may also have several other physiological functions (such as secretion and internalization of vesicles) under different signaling pathways. These results provide the basis for further in vivo and in vitro studies of lamellocytes, including the development of new markers to identify coexisting populations and their respective origins and functions in Drosophila immunity.

ACS Style

Bin Wan; Maya Belghazi; Séverine Lemauf; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. Proteomics of purified lamellocytes from Drosophila melanogaster HopT identifies new membrane proteins and networks involved in their functions. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2021, 134, 103584 .

AMA Style

Bin Wan, Maya Belghazi, Séverine Lemauf, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti. Proteomics of purified lamellocytes from Drosophila melanogaster HopT identifies new membrane proteins and networks involved in their functions. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2021; 134 ():103584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bin Wan; Maya Belghazi; Séverine Lemauf; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. 2021. "Proteomics of purified lamellocytes from Drosophila melanogaster HopT identifies new membrane proteins and networks involved in their functions." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 134, no. : 103584.

Original article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Insect Science
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The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum hosts different facultative symbionts (FS) which provide it with various benefits, such as tolerance to heat or protection against natural enemies (e.g. fungi, parasitoid wasps). Here, we investigated whether and how the presence of certain FS could affect phenoloxidase activity, a key component of insect innate immunity, under normal and stressed conditions. For this, we used clones of A. pisum of different genetic backgrounds (LL01, YR2 and T3‐8V1) lacking FS or harboring one or two (Regiella insecticola, Hamiltonella defensa, Serratia symbiotica + Rickettsiella viridis). Gene expression and proteomics analyses of the aphid hemolymph indicated that the two A. pisum phenoloxidases, PPO1 and PPO2, are expressed and translated into proteins. The level of PPO genes expression as well as the amount of PPO proteins and phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph depended on both the aphid genotype and FS species. In particular, H. defensa and R. insecticola, but not S. symbiotica + R. viridis, caused a sharp decrease in PO activity by interfering with both transcription and translation. The microinjection of different types of stressors (yeast, Escherichia coli, latex beads) in the YR2 lines hosting different symbionts affected the survival rate of aphids and, in most cases, also decreased the expression of PPO genes after 24 h. The amount and activity of PPO proteins varied according to the type of FS and stressor, without clear corresponding changes in gene expression. These data demonstrate that the presence of certain facultative symbionts influences an important component of pea aphid immunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Chen Luo; Maya Belghazi; Antonin Schmitz; Séverine Lemauf; Nicolas Desneux; Jean‐Christophe Simon; Marylène Poirié; Jean‐Luc Gatti. Hosting certain facultative symbionts modulates the phenoloxidase activity and immune response of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insect Science 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Chen Luo, Maya Belghazi, Antonin Schmitz, Séverine Lemauf, Nicolas Desneux, Jean‐Christophe Simon, Marylène Poirié, Jean‐Luc Gatti. Hosting certain facultative symbionts modulates the phenoloxidase activity and immune response of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insect Science. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Luo; Maya Belghazi; Antonin Schmitz; Séverine Lemauf; Nicolas Desneux; Jean‐Christophe Simon; Marylène Poirié; Jean‐Luc Gatti. 2020. "Hosting certain facultative symbionts modulates the phenoloxidase activity and immune response of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum." Insect Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2020 in Insects
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Bioinsecticides made from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the bestselling bioinsecticide worldwide. Among Bt bioinsecticides, those based on the strain Bt subsp. kurstaki (Btk) are widely used in farming to specifically control pest lepidopteran larvae. Although there is much evidence of the lack of acute lethality of Btk products for non-target animals, only scarce data are available on their potential non-lethal developmental adverse effects. Using a concentration that could be reached in the field upon sprayings, we show that Btk products impair growth and developmental time of the non-target dipteran Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that these effects are mediated by the synergy between Btk bacteria and Btk insecticidal toxins. We further show that Btk bioinsecticides trigger intestinal cell death and alter protein digestion without modifying the food intake and feeding behavior of the larvae. Interestingly, these harmful effects can be mitigated by a protein-rich diet or by adding the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum into the food. Finally, we unravel two new cellular mechanisms allowing the larval midgut to maintain its integrity upon Btk aggression: First the flattening of surviving enterocytes and second, the generation of new immature cells arising from the adult midgut precursor cells. Together, these mechanisms participate to quickly fill in the holes left by the dying enterocytes.

ACS Style

Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito; Aurélie Babin; Matthieu Pasco; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti; Armel Gallet. Bacillus thuringiensis Bioinsecticides Induce Developmental Defects in Non-Target Drosophilamelanogaster Larvae. Insects 2020, 11, 697 .

AMA Style

Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito, Aurélie Babin, Matthieu Pasco, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti, Armel Gallet. Bacillus thuringiensis Bioinsecticides Induce Developmental Defects in Non-Target Drosophilamelanogaster Larvae. Insects. 2020; 11 (10):697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito; Aurélie Babin; Matthieu Pasco; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti; Armel Gallet. 2020. "Bacillus thuringiensis Bioinsecticides Induce Developmental Defects in Non-Target Drosophilamelanogaster Larvae." Insects 11, no. 10: 697.

Conference paper
Published: 02 September 2020 in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
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Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum , a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is therefore worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one ( Hamiltonella defensa , Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica ) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated, NI). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 ( PR1 ) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI) , respective markers for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.

ACS Style

Gaurav Pandharikar; Jean-Luc Gatti; Jean-Christophe Simon; Pierre Frendo; Marylène Poirié. Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2020, 287, 20201493 .

AMA Style

Gaurav Pandharikar, Jean-Luc Gatti, Jean-Christophe Simon, Pierre Frendo, Marylène Poirié. Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2020; 287 (1934):20201493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaurav Pandharikar; Jean-Luc Gatti; Jean-Christophe Simon; Pierre Frendo; Marylène Poirié. 2020. "Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1934: 20201493.

Research paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in Virulence
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Venosomes are extracellular vesicles found in the venom of Leptopilina endoparasitoids wasps, which transport and target virulence factors to impair the parasitoid egg encapsulation by the lamellocytes of their Drosophila melanogaster host larva. Using the co-immunolocalization of fluorescent L. boulardi venosomes and one of the putative-transported virulence factors, LbGAP, with known markers of cellular endocytosis, we show that venosomes endocytosis by lamellocytes is not a process dependent on clathrin or macropinocytosis and internalization seems to bypass the early endosomal compartment Rab5. After internalization, LbGAP colocalizes strongly with flotillin-1 and the GPI-anchored protein Atilla/L1 (a lamellocyte surface marker) suggesting that entry occurs via a flotillin/lipid raft-dependent pathway. Once internalized, venosomes reach all intracellular compartments, including late and recycling endosomes, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum network. Venosomes therefore enter their target cells by a specific mechanism and the virulence factors are widely distributed in the lamellocytes’ compartments to impair their functions.

ACS Style

Bin Wan; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. Parasitoid wasp venom vesicles (venosomes) enter Drosophila melanogaster lamellocytes through a flotillin/lipid raft-dependent endocytic pathway. Virulence 2020, 11, 1512 -1521.

AMA Style

Bin Wan, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti. Parasitoid wasp venom vesicles (venosomes) enter Drosophila melanogaster lamellocytes through a flotillin/lipid raft-dependent endocytic pathway. Virulence. 2020; 11 (1):1512-1521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bin Wan; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. 2020. "Parasitoid wasp venom vesicles (venosomes) enter Drosophila melanogaster lamellocytes through a flotillin/lipid raft-dependent endocytic pathway." Virulence 11, no. 1: 1512-1521.

Preprint content
Published: 14 November 2019
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Background Parasitoid wasps have fascinating life cycles and play an important role in trophic networks, yet little is known about their genome content and function. Parasitoids that infect aphids are an important group with the potential for biocontrol, and infecting aphids requires overcoming both aphid defenses and their defensive endosymbionts. Results We present thede novogenome assemblies, detailed annotation, and comparative analysis of two closely related parasitoid wasps that target pest aphids:Aphidius erviandLysiphlebus fabarum(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). The genomes are small (139 and 141 Mbp), highly syntenic, and the most AT-rich reported thus far for any arthropod (GC content: 25.8% and 23.8%). This nucleotide bias is accompanied by skewed codon usage, and is stronger in genes with adult-biased expression. AT-richness may be the consequence of reduced genome size, a near absence of DNA methylation, and age-specific energy demands. We identify expansions of F-box/Leucine-rich-repeat proteins, suggesting that diversification in this gene family may be associated with their broad host range or with countering defenses from aphids’ endosymbionts. The absence of some immune genes (Toll and Imd pathways) resembles similar losses in their aphid hosts, highlighting the potential impact of symbiosis on both aphids and their parasitoids. Conclusions These findings are of fundamental interest for insect evolution and beyond. This will provide a strong foundation for further functional studies including coevolution with respect to their hosts, the basis of successful infection, and biocontrol. Both genomes are available athttps://bipaa.genouest.org.

ACS Style

Alice B. Dennis; Gabriel I. Ballesteros; Stéphanie Robin; Lukas Schrader; Jens Bast; Jan Berghöfer; Leo Beukeboom; Maya Belghazi; Anthony Bretaudeau; Jan Büllesbach; Elizabeth Cash; Dominique Colinet; Zoé Dumas; Patrizia Falabella; Jean-Luc Gatti; Elzemiek Geuverink; Joshua D. Gibson; Corinne Hertäg; Stefanie Hartmann; Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly; Mark Lammers; Blas I. Lavandero; Ina Lindenbaum; Lauriane Massardier-Galata; Camille Meslin; Nicolas Montagné; Nina Pak; Marylène Poirié; Rosanna Salvia; Chris R. Smith; Denis Tagu; Sophie Tares; Heiko Vogel; Tanja Schwander; Jean-Christophe Simon; Christian C. Figueroa; Christoph Vorburger; Fabrice Legeai; Jürgen Gadau. Functional insights from the GC-poor genomes of two aphid parasitoids,Aphidius erviandLysiphlebus fabarum. 2019, 841288 .

AMA Style

Alice B. Dennis, Gabriel I. Ballesteros, Stéphanie Robin, Lukas Schrader, Jens Bast, Jan Berghöfer, Leo Beukeboom, Maya Belghazi, Anthony Bretaudeau, Jan Büllesbach, Elizabeth Cash, Dominique Colinet, Zoé Dumas, Patrizia Falabella, Jean-Luc Gatti, Elzemiek Geuverink, Joshua D. Gibson, Corinne Hertäg, Stefanie Hartmann, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Mark Lammers, Blas I. Lavandero, Ina Lindenbaum, Lauriane Massardier-Galata, Camille Meslin, Nicolas Montagné, Nina Pak, Marylène Poirié, Rosanna Salvia, Chris R. Smith, Denis Tagu, Sophie Tares, Heiko Vogel, Tanja Schwander, Jean-Christophe Simon, Christian C. Figueroa, Christoph Vorburger, Fabrice Legeai, Jürgen Gadau. Functional insights from the GC-poor genomes of two aphid parasitoids,Aphidius erviandLysiphlebus fabarum. . 2019; ():841288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alice B. Dennis; Gabriel I. Ballesteros; Stéphanie Robin; Lukas Schrader; Jens Bast; Jan Berghöfer; Leo Beukeboom; Maya Belghazi; Anthony Bretaudeau; Jan Büllesbach; Elizabeth Cash; Dominique Colinet; Zoé Dumas; Patrizia Falabella; Jean-Luc Gatti; Elzemiek Geuverink; Joshua D. Gibson; Corinne Hertäg; Stefanie Hartmann; Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly; Mark Lammers; Blas I. Lavandero; Ina Lindenbaum; Lauriane Massardier-Galata; Camille Meslin; Nicolas Montagné; Nina Pak; Marylène Poirié; Rosanna Salvia; Chris R. Smith; Denis Tagu; Sophie Tares; Heiko Vogel; Tanja Schwander; Jean-Christophe Simon; Christian C. Figueroa; Christoph Vorburger; Fabrice Legeai; Jürgen Gadau. 2019. "Functional insights from the GC-poor genomes of two aphid parasitoids,Aphidius erviandLysiphlebus fabarum." , no. : 841288.

Article
Published: 29 October 2019 in Toxins
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Parasitoid wasps rely primarily on venom to suppress the immune response and regulate the physiology of their host. Intraspecific variability of venom protein composition has been documented in some species, but its evolutionary potential is poorly understood. We performed an experimental evolution initiated with the crosses of two lines of Leptopilina boulardi of different venom composition to generate variability and create new combinations of venom factors. The offspring were maintained for 10 generations on two strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in resistance/susceptibility to the parental parasitoid lines. The venom composition of individuals was characterized by a semi-automatic analysis of 1D SDS-PAGE electrophoresis protein profiles whose accuracy was checked by Western blot analysis of well-characterized venom proteins. Results made evident a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition on both hosts and showed that the proteins beneficial on one host can be costly on the other. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity of rapid evolution of the venom composition in parasitoid wasps, important regulators of arthropod populations, suggesting a potential for adaptation to new hosts. Our approach also proved relevant in identifying, among the diversity of venom proteins, those possibly involved in parasitism success and whose role deserves to be deepened.

ACS Style

Fanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirié. Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain. Toxins 2019, 11, 629 .

AMA Style

Fanny Cavigliasso, Hugo Mathé-Hubert, Laurent Kremmer, Christian Rebuf, Jean-Luc Gatti, Thibaut Malausa, Dominique Colinet, Marylène Poirié. Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain. Toxins. 2019; 11 (11):629.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirié. 2019. "Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain." Toxins 11, no. 11: 629.

Preprint
Published: 08 October 2019
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Parasitoid wasps rely primarily on venom to suppress the immune response and regulate the physiology of their host. Intraspecific variability of venom protein composition has been documented in some species, but its evolutionary potential is poorly understood. We performed an experimental evolution initiated with crosses of two lines of Leptopilina boulardi of different venom composition to generate variability and create new combinations of venom factors. The offspring were maintained for 10 generations on two strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in resistance / susceptibility to the parasitoid lines. The venom composition of individuals was characterized by a semi-automatic analysis of 1D SDS-PAGE protein profiles whose accuracy was checked by Western blot analysis of well-characterized venom proteins. Results evidenced a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition on both hosts and showed that the proteins beneficial on one host can be costly on the other. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity of rapid evolution of the venom composition in parasitoid wasps, important regulators of arthropod populations, suggesting a potential for adaptation to new hosts. Our approach also proved relevant in identifying, among the diversity of venom proteins, those possibly involved in parasitism success and whose role deserves to be deepened.Key ContributionThe venom protein composition of parasitoid wasps can evolve rapidly and differently depending on the host strain. Studying this evolution can help identify new venom proteins possibly involved in parasitism success on a given host.

ACS Style

Fanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylene Poirie. Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain. 2019, 796649 .

AMA Style

Fanny Cavigliasso, Hugo Mathe-Hubert, Laurent Kremmer, Christian Rebuf, Jean-Luc Gatti, Thibaut Malausa, Dominique Colinet, Marylene Poirie. Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain. . 2019; ():796649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylene Poirie. 2019. "Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain." , no. : 796649.

Original research article
Published: 17 July 2019 in Frontiers in Immunology
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Endoparasitoid wasps, which lay eggs inside the bodies of other insects, use various strategies to protect their offspring from the host immune response. The hymenopteran species of the genus Leptopilina, parasites of Drosophila, rely on the injection of a venom which contains proteins and peculiar vesicles (hereafter venosomes). We show here that the injection of purified L. boulardi venosomes is sufficient to impair the function of the Drosophila melanogaster lamellocytes, a hemocyte type specialized in the defense against wasp eggs, and thus the parasitic success of the wasp. These venosomes seem to have a unique extracellular biogenesis in the wasp venom apparatus where they acquire specific secreted proteins/virulence factors and act as a transport system to deliver these compounds into host lamellocytes. The level of venosomes entry into lamellocytes of different Drosophila species was correlated with the rate of parasitism success of the wasp, suggesting that this venosome-cell interaction may represent a new evolutionary level of host-parasitoid specificity.

ACS Style

Bin Wan; Emilie Goguet; Marc Ravallec; Olivier Pierre; Séverine Lemauf; Anne-Nathalie Volkoff; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. Venom Atypical Extracellular Vesicles as Interspecies Vehicles of Virulence Factors Involved in Host Specificity: The Case of a Drosophila Parasitoid Wasp. Frontiers in Immunology 2019, 10, 1688 .

AMA Style

Bin Wan, Emilie Goguet, Marc Ravallec, Olivier Pierre, Séverine Lemauf, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Jean-Luc Gatti, Marylène Poirié. Venom Atypical Extracellular Vesicles as Interspecies Vehicles of Virulence Factors Involved in Host Specificity: The Case of a Drosophila Parasitoid Wasp. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019; 10 ():1688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bin Wan; Emilie Goguet; Marc Ravallec; Olivier Pierre; Séverine Lemauf; Anne-Nathalie Volkoff; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. 2019. "Venom Atypical Extracellular Vesicles as Interspecies Vehicles of Virulence Factors Involved in Host Specificity: The Case of a Drosophila Parasitoid Wasp." Frontiers in Immunology 10, no. : 1688.

Original article
Published: 25 May 2019 in Evolutionary Applications
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Host range in parasitoids could be described by the preference‐performance hypothesis (PPH) where preference is defined as host acceptance and performance is defined as the sum of all species on which parasitoid offspring can complete their life cycle. The PPH predicts that highly suitable hosts will be preferred by ovipositing females. However, generalist parasitoids may not conform to this hypothesis if they attack a large range of hosts of varying suitability. Under laboratory conditions, we tested the PPH relationship of three aphid parasitoids currently considered as generalist species (Aphelinus abdominalis, Aphidius ervi, Diaeretiella rapae). As expected, the three parasitoids species showed low selectivity i.e. females stung all aphid species encountered (at least in some extent). However, depending on the parasitoid species, only 42‐58% of aphid species enabled producing parasitoid offspring. We did not find a correlation between the extent of preference and the performance of three generalist aphid parasitoids. For A. ervi, host phylogeny is also important as females showed higher attack and developmental rates on hosts closely related to the most suitable one. In addition, traits such as (i) the presence of protective secondary endosymbionts, e.g., Hamiltonella defensa detected in Aphis fabae and Metopolophium dirhodum, and (ii) the sequestration of plant toxins as defense mechanism against parasitism e.g., in Aphis nerii and Brevicoryne brassicae, were likely at play to some extent in narrowing parasitoid host range. The lack of PPH relationship involved a low selectivity leading to a high adaptability, as well as selection pressure; the combination of which enabled the production of offspring in a new host species or a new environment. Testing for PPH relationships in parasitoids may provide useful cues to classify parasitoids in terms of specialization degree. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Lucie S. Monticelli; Le Thu Ha Nguyen; Edwige Amiens‐Desneux; Chen Luo; Anne‐Violette Lavoir; Jean-Luc Gatti; Nicolas Desneux. The preference–performance relationship as a means of classifying parasitoids according to their specialization degree. Evolutionary Applications 2019, 12, 1626 -1640.

AMA Style

Lucie S. Monticelli, Le Thu Ha Nguyen, Edwige Amiens‐Desneux, Chen Luo, Anne‐Violette Lavoir, Jean-Luc Gatti, Nicolas Desneux. The preference–performance relationship as a means of classifying parasitoids according to their specialization degree. Evolutionary Applications. 2019; 12 (8):1626-1640.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucie S. Monticelli; Le Thu Ha Nguyen; Edwige Amiens‐Desneux; Chen Luo; Anne‐Violette Lavoir; Jean-Luc Gatti; Nicolas Desneux. 2019. "The preference–performance relationship as a means of classifying parasitoids according to their specialization degree." Evolutionary Applications 12, no. 8: 1626-1640.

Mini review article
Published: 15 May 2019 in Frontiers in Physiology
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Host-parasitoid interactions are among the most studied interactions between invertebrates because of their fundamental interest – the evolution of original traits in parasitoids – and applied, parasitoids being widely used in biological control. Immunity, and in particular cellular immunity, is central in these interactions, the host encapsulation response being specific for large foreign bodies such as parasitoid eggs. Although already well studied in this species, recent data on Drosophila melanogaster have unquestionably improved knowledge of invertebrate cellular immunity. At the same time, the venomics of parasitoids has expanded, notably those of Drosophila. Here, we summarize and discuss these advances, with a focus on an emerging “time-dependent” view of interactions outcome at the intra- and interspecific level. We also present issues still in debate and prospects for study. Data on the Drosophila-parasitoid model paves the way to new concepts in insect immunity as well as parasitoid wasp strategies to overcome it.

ACS Style

Chami Kim-Jo; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. Drosophila Cellular Immunity Against Parasitoid Wasps: A Complex and Time-Dependent Process. Frontiers in Physiology 2019, 10, 603 .

AMA Style

Chami Kim-Jo, Jean-Luc Gatti, Marylène Poirié. Drosophila Cellular Immunity Against Parasitoid Wasps: A Complex and Time-Dependent Process. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019; 10 ():603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chami Kim-Jo; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. 2019. "Drosophila Cellular Immunity Against Parasitoid Wasps: A Complex and Time-Dependent Process." Frontiers in Physiology 10, no. : 603.

Preprint content
Published: 08 February 2019
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Biopesticides based onBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) spores and toxins are alternate pest management solutions widely used to control insect pests. Their increasing use could lead to accumulation in the environment, hence leading to chronic exposure of non-target organisms. Here, we tested for potential non-intentional side-effects of chronic exposure toBtbiopesticide on larvae of non-targetDrosophilaspecies present inBt-treated areas. Doses up to those recommended for field application (106CFU/g of fly medium) had no effect on the fly development, whereas doses 10 to 100-fold higher (107-108CFU/g) increased developmental time and decreased adult emergence rates in a dose-dependent manner and with varying effect amplitudes for all the species and strains tested. For all them, all larvae died before pupation at the highest dose tested (109CFU/g). Focusing onD. melanogaster, delayed development and reduced emergence resulted from stage-dependent larval mortality, and fitness-related traits of adult flies emerging from survivingBtbiopesticide exposure were moderately increased. The effects ofBtbiopesticide seemed to result from the spores/cleaved toxins synergy, and possibly additives. While recommended doses had no effect on non-targetDrosophilaspecies, misuse or local accumulation ofBtbioinsecticides in the environment could have non-intentional side-effects on fly populations with potential implications for their associated communities.

ACS Style

Aurélie Babin; Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito; Armel Gallet; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. Differential side-effects ofBacillus thuringiensisbioinsecticide on non-targetDrosophilaflies. 2019, 541847 .

AMA Style

Aurélie Babin, Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito, Armel Gallet, Jean-Luc Gatti, Marylène Poirié. Differential side-effects ofBacillus thuringiensisbioinsecticide on non-targetDrosophilaflies. . 2019; ():541847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aurélie Babin; Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito; Armel Gallet; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. 2019. "Differential side-effects ofBacillus thuringiensisbioinsecticide on non-targetDrosophilaflies." , no. : 541847.

Research article
Published: 02 August 2018 in PLOS ONE
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Drosophila suzukii (the spotted-wing Drosophila) appears to be unsuitable for the development of most Drosophila larval endoparasitoids, be they sympatric or not. Here, we questioned the physiological bases of this widespread failure by characterizing the interactions between D. suzukii and various parasitoid species (Asobara japonica, Leptopilina boulardi, Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina victoriae) and comparing them with those observed with D. melanogaster, a rather appropriate host. All parasitoids were able to oviposit in L1 and L2 larval stages of both hosts but their propensity to parasitize was higher on D. melanogaster. A. japonica and, to a much lesser extent, L. heterotoma, were the two species able to successfully develop in D. suzukii, the failure of the parasitism resulting either in the parasitoid encapsulation (notably with L. heterotoma) or the host and parasitoid deaths (especially with L. boulardi and L. victoriae). Compared to D. melanogaster, encapsulation in D. suzukii was strongly delayed and led, if successful, to the production of much larger capsules in surviving flies and, in the event of failure, to the death of both partners because of an uncontrolled melanization. The results thus revealed a different timing of the immune response to parasitoids in D. suzukii compared to D. melanogaster with a lose-lose outcome for parasitoids (generally unsuccessful development) and hosts (high mortality and possible reduction of the fitness of survivors). Finally, these results might suggest that some European endoparasitoids of Drosophila interact with this pest in the field in an unmeasurable way, since they kill their host without reproductive success.

ACS Style

Alessia Iacovone; Nicolas Ris; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. Time-course analysis of Drosophila suzukii interaction with endoparasitoid wasps evidences a delayed encapsulation response compared to D. melanogaster. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0201573 .

AMA Style

Alessia Iacovone, Nicolas Ris, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti. Time-course analysis of Drosophila suzukii interaction with endoparasitoid wasps evidences a delayed encapsulation response compared to D. melanogaster. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (8):e0201573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessia Iacovone; Nicolas Ris; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. 2018. "Time-course analysis of Drosophila suzukii interaction with endoparasitoid wasps evidences a delayed encapsulation response compared to D. melanogaster." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8: e0201573.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2017 in Insects
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The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Ds), became a major economic pest for fruit production since its establishment in Europe and America. Among potential control methods, only classical biological control appears to be a mean of sustainably regulating Ds in both cultivated and natural habitats. In the frame of risk assessment, pre-release surveys were carried out in a restricted but highly heterogeneous area in the south-east of France using traps and deliberate field exposures of Ds and D. melanogaster larvae/pupae. Although Ds abundance varied according to sampling methods, it was found to be pervasive and to produce offspring and adults in most conditions (spatial and seasonal). Its main limits are some specific abiotic conditions (i.e., desiccation) as well as interspecific competition. Indeed, Ds mostly co-occurred with D. busckii and D. hydei, probably due to common phenology and/or ecological requirements. These two species thus deserve more attention for risk assessment. The main indigenous parasitoids collected belonged to two pupal species, Trichopria cf drosophilae and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, but their presence was observed late in the autumn and mainly in cultivated areas. Results are discussed in a comparison of the methodological approaches for monitoring Drosophilids and the benefits-risks assessment of classical biological control.

ACS Style

Laurent Kremmer; Marcel Thaon; Nicolas Borowiec; Jean David; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti; Nicolas Ris. Field Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii and Associated Communities in South Eastern France as a Pre-Requisite for Classical Biological Control. Insects 2017, 8, 124 .

AMA Style

Laurent Kremmer, Marcel Thaon, Nicolas Borowiec, Jean David, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti, Nicolas Ris. Field Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii and Associated Communities in South Eastern France as a Pre-Requisite for Classical Biological Control. Insects. 2017; 8 (4):124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Kremmer; Marcel Thaon; Nicolas Borowiec; Jean David; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti; Nicolas Ris. 2017. "Field Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii and Associated Communities in South Eastern France as a Pre-Requisite for Classical Biological Control." Insects 8, no. 4: 124.

Comparative study
Published: 24 July 2017 in PLOS ONE
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Aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) is a low-abundance intracellular enzyme that plays a key role in the last stage of glycoproteins degradation, and whose deficiency leads to human aspartylglucosaminuria, a lysosomal storage disease. Surprisingly, high amounts of AGA-like proteins are secreted in the venom of two phylogenetically distant hymenopteran parasitoid wasp species, Asobara tabida (Braconidae) and Leptopilina heterotoma (Cynipidae). These venom AGAs have a similar domain organization as mammalian AGAs. They share with them key residues for autocatalysis and activity, and the mature α- and β-subunits also form an (αβ)2 structure in solution. Interestingly, only one of these AGAs subunits (α for AtAGA and β for LhAGA) is glycosylated instead of the two subunits for lysosomal human AGA (hAGA), and these glycosylations are partially resistant to PGNase F treatment. The two venom AGAs are secreted as fully activated enzymes, they have a similar aspartylglucosaminidase activity and are both also efficient asparaginases. Once AGAs are injected into the larvae of the Drosophila melanogaster host, the asparaginase activity may play a role in modulating their physiology. Altogether, our data provide new elements for a better understanding of the secretion and the role of venom AGAs as virulence factors in the parasitoid wasps’ success.

ACS Style

Quentin Coulette; Séverine Lemauf; Dominique Colinet; Geneviève Prévost; Caroline Anselme; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. Biochemical characterization and comparison of aspartylglucosaminidases secreted in venom of the parasitoid wasps Asobara tabida and Leptopilina heterotoma. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0181940 .

AMA Style

Quentin Coulette, Séverine Lemauf, Dominique Colinet, Geneviève Prévost, Caroline Anselme, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti. Biochemical characterization and comparison of aspartylglucosaminidases secreted in venom of the parasitoid wasps Asobara tabida and Leptopilina heterotoma. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (7):e0181940.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quentin Coulette; Séverine Lemauf; Dominique Colinet; Geneviève Prévost; Caroline Anselme; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. 2017. "Biochemical characterization and comparison of aspartylglucosaminidases secreted in venom of the parasitoid wasps Asobara tabida and Leptopilina heterotoma." PLOS ONE 12, no. 7: e0181940.

Comparative study
Published: 25 October 2016 in Scientific Reports
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Venom composition of parasitoid wasps attracts increasing interest – notably molecules ensuring parasitism success on arthropod pests – but its variation within and among taxa is not yet understood. We have identified here the main venom proteins of two braconid wasps, Psyttalia lounsburyi (two strains from South Africa and Kenya) and P. concolor, olive fruit fly parasitoids that differ in host range. Among the shared abundant proteins, we found a GH1 β-glucosidase and a family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. Olive is extremely rich in glycoside compounds that are hydrolyzed by β-glucosidases into defensive toxic products in response to phytophagous insect attacks. Assuming that Psyttalia host larvae sequester ingested glycosides, the injected venom GH1 β-glucosidase could induce the release of toxic compounds, thus participating in parasitism success by weakening the host. Venom LRR proteins are similar to truncated Toll-like receptors and may possibly scavenge the host immunity. The abundance of one of these LRR proteins in the venom of only one of the two P. lounsburyi strains evidences intraspecific variation in venom composition. Altogether, venom intra- and inter-specific variation in Psyttalia spp. were much lower than previously reported in the Leptopilina genus (Figitidae), suggesting it might depend upon the parasitoid taxa.

ACS Style

Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Dominique Colinet; Emeline Deleury; Maya Belghazi; Marc Ravallec; Julie Poulain; Carole Dossat; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. Comparative venomics of Psyttalia lounsburyi and P. concolor, two olive fruit fly parasitoids: a hypothetical role for a GH1 β-glucosidase. Scientific Reports 2016, 6, 35873 .

AMA Style

Hugo Mathé-Hubert, Dominique Colinet, Emeline Deleury, Maya Belghazi, Marc Ravallec, Julie Poulain, Carole Dossat, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti. Comparative venomics of Psyttalia lounsburyi and P. concolor, two olive fruit fly parasitoids: a hypothetical role for a GH1 β-glucosidase. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6 (1):35873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Dominique Colinet; Emeline Deleury; Maya Belghazi; Marc Ravallec; Julie Poulain; Carole Dossat; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. 2016. "Comparative venomics of Psyttalia lounsburyi and P. concolor, two olive fruit fly parasitoids: a hypothetical role for a GH1 β-glucosidase." Scientific Reports 6, no. 1: 35873.

Research article
Published: 06 August 2015 in PLOS Pathogens
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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting a wide range of mammalian species. They are caused by prions, a proteinaceous pathogen essentially composed of PrPSc, an abnormal isoform of the host encoded cellular prion protein PrPC. Constrained steric interactions between PrPSc and PrPC are thought to provide prions with species specificity, and to control cross-species transmission into other host populations, including humans. Transgenetic expression of foreign PrP genes has been successfully and widely used to overcome the recognized resistance of mouse to foreign TSE sources. Rabbit is one of the species that exhibit a pronounced resistance to TSEs. Most attempts to infect experimentally rabbit have failed, except after inoculation with cell-free generated rabbit prions. To gain insights on the molecular determinants of the relative resistance of rabbits to prions, we generated transgenic rabbits expressing the susceptible V136R154Q171 allele of the ovine PRNP gene on a rabbit wild type PRNP New Zealand background and assessed their experimental susceptibility to scrapie prions. All transgenic animals developed a typical TSE 6–8 months after intracerebral inoculation, whereas wild type rabbits remained healthy more than 700 days after inoculation. Despite the endogenous presence of rabbit PrPC, only ovine PrPSc was detectable in the brains of diseased animals. Collectively these data indicate that the low susceptibility of rabbits to prion infection is not enciphered within their non-PrP genetic background.

ACS Style

Pierre Sarradin; Céline Viglietta; Claude Limouzin; Olivier Andreoletti; Mathieu L-C; Céline Barc; Mathieu Leroux-Coyau; Patricia Berthon; Jérome Chapuis; Christelle Rossignol; Jean-Luc Gatti; Maya Belghazi; Valérie Labas; Jean-Luc Vilotte; Vincent Béringue; Frédéric Lantier; Hubert Laude; Louis-Marie Houdebine. Transgenic Rabbits Expressing Ovine PrP Are Susceptible to Scrapie. PLOS Pathogens 2015, 11, e1005077 .

AMA Style

Pierre Sarradin, Céline Viglietta, Claude Limouzin, Olivier Andreoletti, Mathieu L-C, Céline Barc, Mathieu Leroux-Coyau, Patricia Berthon, Jérome Chapuis, Christelle Rossignol, Jean-Luc Gatti, Maya Belghazi, Valérie Labas, Jean-Luc Vilotte, Vincent Béringue, Frédéric Lantier, Hubert Laude, Louis-Marie Houdebine. Transgenic Rabbits Expressing Ovine PrP Are Susceptible to Scrapie. PLOS Pathogens. 2015; 11 (8):e1005077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pierre Sarradin; Céline Viglietta; Claude Limouzin; Olivier Andreoletti; Mathieu L-C; Céline Barc; Mathieu Leroux-Coyau; Patricia Berthon; Jérome Chapuis; Christelle Rossignol; Jean-Luc Gatti; Maya Belghazi; Valérie Labas; Jean-Luc Vilotte; Vincent Béringue; Frédéric Lantier; Hubert Laude; Louis-Marie Houdebine. 2015. "Transgenic Rabbits Expressing Ovine PrP Are Susceptible to Scrapie." PLOS Pathogens 11, no. 8: e1005077.

Evaluation study
Published: 11 March 2015 in Molecular Ecology Resources
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Understanding the forces that shape eco‐evolutionary patterns often requires linking phenotypes to genotypes, allowing characterization of these patterns at the molecular level. DNA‐based markers are less informative in this aim compared to markers associated with gene expression, and more specifically with protein quantities. The characterization of eco‐evolutionary patterns also usually requires the analysis of large sample sizes to accurately estimate inter‐individual variability. However, the methods used to quantify proteins are generally expensive and time consuming, which constrains the size of the produced datasets to few individuals. We present here a method that estimates the inter‐individual variability of protein quantities based on a global, semi‐automatic analysis of 1D electrophoretic profiles, opening the way to rapid analysis and comparison of hundreds of individuals. The main original features of the method are the in silico normalization of sample protein quantities using pictures of electrophoresis gels at different staining levels, as well as the detection of reference bands on a median profile. We demonstrate that this method can accurately discriminate between species and between geographically distant or close populations, based on inter‐individual variation in venom protein profiles from three endoparasitoid wasps of two different genera (Psyttalia concolor, Psyttalia lounsburyi and Leptopilina boulardi). Finally, we discuss the experimental designs that would benefit from the development of this method. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirie; Thibaut Malausa. Statistical analysis of the individual variability of 1D protein profiles as a tool in ecology: an application to parasitoid venom. Molecular Ecology Resources 2015, 15, 1120 -1132.

AMA Style

Hugo Mathe-Hubert, Jean-Luc Gatti, Dominique Colinet, Marylène Poirie, Thibaut Malausa. Statistical analysis of the individual variability of 1D protein profiles as a tool in ecology: an application to parasitoid venom. Molecular Ecology Resources. 2015; 15 (5):1120-1132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirie; Thibaut Malausa. 2015. "Statistical analysis of the individual variability of 1D protein profiles as a tool in ecology: an application to parasitoid venom." Molecular Ecology Resources 15, no. 5: 1120-1132.