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C. Emdad Haque
Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 70 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada

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Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Nutrients
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Bangladesh is facing a large burden of non-communicable diseases. As a possible remedy, the WHO/FAO recommends consuming 400 g or five servings of fruits and vegetables every day; however, only a small proportion of the population practices this. The present study sets out to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect this low intake of fruits and vegetables, and the roles that beliefs and behavioural practices play in influencing food consumption. Logistic and ordered logistic regressions were used to identify what sociodemographic factors are significantly influencing fruit and vegetable intake, and to explain the role of social food beliefs. It was found that in Bangladesh 75% of urban and 92% of rural populations consume less than five servings a day. While gender was not found to be a significant factor, housewives appeared to be more at risk of a lower intake of fruits and vegetables. People with higher income, higher education, and who are older were all less likely to have problems with a low intake of fruits and vegetables. Higher education assisted in attaining positive beliefs and behavioural practices regarding food, while residing in a rural community was found to be a significant constraint.

ACS Style

Sadia Mustafa; C. Emdad Haque; Soham Baksi. Low Daily Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Rural and Urban Bangladesh: Influence of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors, Social Food Beliefs and Behavioural Practices. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2808 .

AMA Style

Sadia Mustafa, C. Emdad Haque, Soham Baksi. Low Daily Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Rural and Urban Bangladesh: Influence of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors, Social Food Beliefs and Behavioural Practices. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (8):2808.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadia Mustafa; C. Emdad Haque; Soham Baksi. 2021. "Low Daily Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Rural and Urban Bangladesh: Influence of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors, Social Food Beliefs and Behavioural Practices." Nutrients 13, no. 8: 2808.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2021 in Environmental Science & Policy
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Building community resilience to climate-induced disaster shocks requires an innovative, adaptive, and forward-looking approach. However, empirical data on such initiatives is lacking. Adopting an Adaptive Governance Framework, we gathered evidence that collaborative multi-loop social learning by multilevel institutions (local, regional, and national) can significantly enhance community resilience to climate induced disaster shocks and reduce gaps between institutional disaster governance responsibilities and capacities. Following a Case Study approach, we investigated the disaster resilience of two coastal communities in Bangladesh. Our primary data collection techniques were Key Informant Interviews and document reviews. The results of our investigation revealed three key prerequisites for building community resilience to nature-triggered disasters like cyclones or floods: i) the presence of multiple nested institutional structures at the local level; ii) multi-loop social learning at multiple institutional levels; and iii) documentation of lessons learned from each disaster and the application of these lessons to disaster governance at all institutional levels. We documented that bridging organizations play a decisive role in documenting and scaling-up lessons learned from episodic extreme weather events. Therefore, more emphasis needs to be placed on the importance of bridging organizations in scaling up lessons from episodic disaster events into national-level policy and practice.

ACS Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque; Brent Doberstein. Adaptive governance and community resilience to cyclones in coastal Bangladesh: Addressing the problem of fit, social learning, and institutional collaboration. Environmental Science & Policy 2021, 124, 580 -592.

AMA Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury, C. Emdad Haque, Brent Doberstein. Adaptive governance and community resilience to cyclones in coastal Bangladesh: Addressing the problem of fit, social learning, and institutional collaboration. Environmental Science & Policy. 2021; 124 ():580-592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque; Brent Doberstein. 2021. "Adaptive governance and community resilience to cyclones in coastal Bangladesh: Addressing the problem of fit, social learning, and institutional collaboration." Environmental Science & Policy 124, no. : 580-592.

Review article
Published: 05 August 2021 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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Despite decades of progress in disaster risk reduction, efforts to enhance risk awareness and influence behavioral change still seem to be falling short. When we reflect on our collective experience and envision the future of disaster risk reduction programs, we find promise in approaches that implicitly treat knowledge as not just something transmitted but as a relationship fostered with multiple publics. In this mode, the public is not simply a passive recipient of expert knowledge but a co-producer of risk knowledge. We argue that disaster risk reduction requires a reorientation based on a foundation built on three areas of research: (1) Indigenous and local knowledge, (2) social learning, and (3) narrative ways of knowing. We employ key ideas from these promising areas of research to formulate an integrative framework for the co-production of risk knowledge. Such an integrative framework can provide a powerful and useful vehicle for generating new practices around disaster risk reduction.

ACS Style

Raul P. Lejano; C. Emdad Haque; Fikret Berkes. Co-production of risk knowledge and improvement of risk communication: A three-legged stool. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2021, 64, 102508 .

AMA Style

Raul P. Lejano, C. Emdad Haque, Fikret Berkes. Co-production of risk knowledge and improvement of risk communication: A three-legged stool. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 64 ():102508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raul P. Lejano; C. Emdad Haque; Fikret Berkes. 2021. "Co-production of risk knowledge and improvement of risk communication: A three-legged stool." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 64, no. : 102508.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2021 in Atmosphere
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Numerous studies on climate change and variability have revealed that these phenomena have noticeable influence on the epidemiology of dengue fever, and such relationships are complex due to the role of the vector—the Aedes mosquitoes. By undertaking a step-by-step approach, the present study examined the effects of climatic factors on vector abundance and subsequent effects on dengue cases of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Here, we first analyzed the time-series of Stegomyia indices for Aedes mosquitoes in relation to temperature, rainfall and relative humidity for 2002–2013, and then in relation to reported dengue cases in Dhaka. These data were analyzed at three sequential stages using the generalized linear model (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM). Results revealed strong evidence that an increase in Aedes abundance is associated with the rise in temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall during the monsoon months, that turns into subsequent increases in dengue incidence. Further we found that (i) the mean rainfall and the lag mean rainfall were significantly related to Container Index, and (ii) the Breteau Index was significantly related to the mean relative humidity and mean rainfall. The relationships of dengue cases with Stegomyia indices and with the mean relative humidity, and the lag mean rainfall were highly significant. In examining longitudinal (2001–2013) data, we found significant evidence of time lag between mean rainfall and dengue cases.

ACS Style

Sabrina Islam; C. Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; John Hanesiak. Climate Variability, Dengue Vector Abundance and Dengue Fever Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Time-Series Study. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 905 .

AMA Style

Sabrina Islam, C. Haque, Shakhawat Hossain, John Hanesiak. Climate Variability, Dengue Vector Abundance and Dengue Fever Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Time-Series Study. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (7):905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabrina Islam; C. Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; John Hanesiak. 2021. "Climate Variability, Dengue Vector Abundance and Dengue Fever Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Time-Series Study." Atmosphere 12, no. 7: 905.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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In the face of serious disruptions to local livelihoods and asset bases by extreme climatic events, it is paramount to reconstruct but also to transform and diversify livelihoods. However, the literature on these aspects is scant. In this paper, we posit that two frameworks, namely the livelihood strategy approach and community resilience thinking, are useful tools for effectively analyzing post-disaster transformational changes. In the empirical context of coastal communities of Bangladesh, our study specifically examines the changes experienced in livelihood assets due to Cyclones Sidr and Aila. Two coastal communities, namely Nilganj and Dhulasar Unions in the Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali District, were selected to analyze the strategies used by local people to cope with and adapt to cyclone and storm surge disaster-shocks. Primary data were collected from three sources: a socioeconomic survey of 300 households, eight focus group discussions, and 20 key informant interviews. Our findings reveal that a significant number of cyclone victims were displaced from their homes by recent severe cyclones, changed their occupations -- both intra- and intersectorally -- and confronted increased consumption and social costs. We observed significant differences in impacts between farmers and those engaged in other occupations, such as fishing, with the latter being far more likely to change occupation post-disaster. The study uncovered significant evidence that local people are learning to live with change and uncertainty by nurturing and combining various types of knowledge and social memory, generating diversified livelihood options, and self-organizing to enhance their resilience to future extreme weather events.

ACS Style

M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque; Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan; Brent Doberstein; Robin S. Cox. “Disasters threaten livelihoods, and people cope, adapt and make transformational changes”: Community resilience and livelihoods reconstruction in coastal communities of Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2021, 63, 102444 .

AMA Style

M. Salim Uddin, C. Emdad Haque, Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan, Brent Doberstein, Robin S. Cox. “Disasters threaten livelihoods, and people cope, adapt and make transformational changes”: Community resilience and livelihoods reconstruction in coastal communities of Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 63 ():102444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque; Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan; Brent Doberstein; Robin S. Cox. 2021. "“Disasters threaten livelihoods, and people cope, adapt and make transformational changes”: Community resilience and livelihoods reconstruction in coastal communities of Bangladesh." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 63, no. : 102444.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2021 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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While it has been widely recognized that building community resilience to climate induced shocks requires learning processes at multiple societal levels, there has been limited research on the specific types of learning required at individual level to influence change and transformation at the community level. To determine how transformative learning and risk-mitigation actions shape community resilience to climate-induced disasters, we carried out a mixed-method empirical investigation on the southern coast of Bangladesh. We found that the relationship between transformative learning and resilience-building is complex, involving multiple social cultural-structural factors (e.g., beliefs, values, power structures), practical considerations (e.g., impact on livelihood, evacuation and relocation logistics), and cognitive factors. From our observations, we draw four general conclusions: i) local culture can constrain people's framing of risk and capacity for critical reflection, resulting in a deliberate denial and amnesia of past traumatic experiences; ii) learning alone cannot enhance resilience unless it is translated into action; iii) dependence on experiential learning can lead to the assumption that the severity of past disasters will not be surpassed, generating a false sense of security; and iv) the cultivation of forward-thinking attitudes coupled with innovative strategies, such as social networking, can successfully enhance resilience to climate-related disasters. Future policymaking aimed at building community resilience to climate shocks should therefore take into account cultural and individual cognitive barriers to transformative learning and attempt to remove structural barriers to translating learning into practical action.

ACS Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque; Glen Hostetler. Transformative learning and community resilience to cyclones and storm surges: The case of coastal communities in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2021, 55, 102063 .

AMA Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury, C. Emdad Haque, Glen Hostetler. Transformative learning and community resilience to cyclones and storm surges: The case of coastal communities in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 55 ():102063.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque; Glen Hostetler. 2021. "Transformative learning and community resilience to cyclones and storm surges: The case of coastal communities in Bangladesh." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 55, no. : 102063.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Ecology and Society
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Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque; Ainun Nishat; Sean Byrne. Social learning for building community resilience to cyclones: role of indigenous and local knowledge, power, and institutions in coastal Bangladesh. Ecology and Society 2021, 26, 1 .

AMA Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury, C. Emdad Haque, Ainun Nishat, Sean Byrne. Social learning for building community resilience to cyclones: role of indigenous and local knowledge, power, and institutions in coastal Bangladesh. Ecology and Society. 2021; 26 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque; Ainun Nishat; Sean Byrne. 2021. "Social learning for building community resilience to cyclones: role of indigenous and local knowledge, power, and institutions in coastal Bangladesh." Ecology and Society 26, no. 1: 1.

Research article
Published: 25 November 2020 in Local Environment
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The feedback relationships between resource-dependent human communities and their local ecosystem services may result in an undesirable SES dynamic where community wellbeing continually deteriorates. Yet, very little is known about the mechanisms that can facilitate reordering people’s relationship with ecosystem for sustained wellbeing. We argue that innovative approaches built upon local strengths are more likely to succeed in such an endeavour, and multi-level implementation can help sustainability and community wellbeing. The objective of this paper is to give an account of local people’s wellbeing in relation to ecosystem services and their changes, the drivers that change the ecosystem services and impact wellbeing, and the role of innovation in enhancing adaptability and SES resilience to changes and disturbances. We conducted our field research during 2014–2015 in a wetland region of northeastern Bangladesh, utilising Case study and participatory research methods. Our empirical investigation in selected wetland communities has revealed that: (i) community wellbeing and wetland SES resilience are subject to erosion due to multiple drivers of change operating at different temporal and spatial scales; (ii) the feedback relationships among these multiple drivers often adversely affect community wellbeing; and (iii) innovative strategies built on local strengths can help reorder people’s relationships with local ecosystems, restore community wellbeing, and enhance local sustainability. The key determinants of such reordering include entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, learning, and networking abilities of the locals. Intervention strategies should therefore pay more attention to the locals’ ability to innovate and adapt to ecological changes, especially through new or shifted livelihood initiatives.

ACS Style

A. K. M. Shahidullah; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque. Ecosystem changes and community wellbeing: social-ecological innovations in enhancing resilience of wetlands communities in Bangladesh. Local Environment 2020, 25, 967 -984.

AMA Style

A. K. M. Shahidullah, Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury, C. Emdad Haque. Ecosystem changes and community wellbeing: social-ecological innovations in enhancing resilience of wetlands communities in Bangladesh. Local Environment. 2020; 25 (11-12):967-984.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. K. M. Shahidullah; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque. 2020. "Ecosystem changes and community wellbeing: social-ecological innovations in enhancing resilience of wetlands communities in Bangladesh." Local Environment 25, no. 11-12: 967-984.

Earlycite article
Published: 11 August 2020 in Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal
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Purpose Despite Bangladesh's great strides in formulating disaster management policies following the principles of good governance, the degree to which these policies have successfully been implemented at the local level remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to examine the roles and effectiveness of local-level governance and disaster management institutions, and (2) to identify barriers to the implementation of national policies and Disaster-Risk-Reduction (DRR) guidelines at the local community level. Design/methodology/approach Between January 2014 and June 2015 we carried out an empirical investigation in two coastal communities in Bangladesh. We employed a qualitative research and Case Study approach, using techniques from the Participatory Rural Appraisal toolbox to collect data from local community members as well as government and NGO officials. Findings Our study revealed that interactive disaster governance, decentralization of disaster management, and compliance by local-level institutions with good governance principles and national policy guidelines can be extremely effective in reducing disaster-loss and damages. According to coastal community members, the local governments have generally failed to uphold good governance principles, and triangulated data confirm that the region at large suffers from rampant corruption, political favoritism, lack of transparency and accountability and minimal inclusion of local inhabitants in decision-making – all of which have severely impeded the successful implementation of national disaster-management policies. Research limitations/implications While considerable research on good governance has been pursued, our understanding of good disaster governance and their criteria is still poor. In addition, although numerous national disaster management policy and good governance initiatives have been taken in Bangladesh, like many other developing countries, the nature and extent of their local level implementation are not well known. This study contributes to these research gaps, with identification of further research agenda in these areas. Practical implications The study focuses on good disaster governance and management issues and practices, their strengths and limitations in the context of cyclone and storm surges along coastal Bangladesh. It offers specific good disaster governance criteria for improving multi-level successful implementation. The paper deals with International Sendai Framework that called for enhancement of local level community resilience to disasters. Thus, it contributes to numerous policy and practice areas relating to good disaster governance. Social implications Good disaster governance would benefit not only from future disaster losses but also from improved prevention and mitigation of natural hazards impact, benefiting society at large. Improvement in knowledge and practice in disaster-risk-reduction through good governance and effective management would ensure local community development and human wellbeing at the national level. Originality/value The failure of local-level government institutions to effectively implement national disaster management and resilience-building policies is largely attributable to a lack of financial and human resources, rampant corruption, a lack of accountability and transparency and the exclusion of local inhabitants from decision-making processes. Our study identified the specific manifestations of these failures in coastal communities in Bangladesh. These results underscore the vital need to address the wide gap between national DRR goals and the on-the-ground realities of policy implementation to successfully enhance the country's resilience to climate change-induced disasters.

ACS Style

M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque; Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan. Good governance and local level policy implementation for disaster-risk-reduction: actual, perceptual and contested perspectives in coastal communities in Bangladesh. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 2020, 30, 94 -111.

AMA Style

M. Salim Uddin, C. Emdad Haque, Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan. Good governance and local level policy implementation for disaster-risk-reduction: actual, perceptual and contested perspectives in coastal communities in Bangladesh. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal. 2020; 30 (2):94-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque; Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan. 2020. "Good governance and local level policy implementation for disaster-risk-reduction: actual, perceptual and contested perspectives in coastal communities in Bangladesh." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 30, no. 2: 94-111.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2020 in Foods
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The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro enzyme inhibition activities of aqueous polyphenolic extracts of nine popular Bangladeshi vegetables, namely ash gourd, bitter gourd, brinjal, Indian spinach, kangkong, okra, ridge gourd, snake gourd, and stem amaranth. Polyphenolic glycosides were the major compounds present in the extracts. Inhibition of α-amylase (up to 100% at 1 mg/mL) was stronger than α-glucosidase inhibition (up to 70.78% at 10 mg/mL). The Indian spinach extract was the strongest inhibitor of pancreatic lipase activity (IC50 = 276.77 µg/mL), which was significantly better than that of orlistat (381.16 µg/mL), a drug. Ash gourd (76.51%), brinjal (72.48%), and snake gourd (66.82%) extracts were the most effective inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme whose excessive activities have been associated with hypertension. Brinjal also had a significantly higher renin-inhibitory activity than the other vegetable extracts. We conclude that the vegetable extracts may have the ability to reduce enzyme activities that have been associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

ACS Style

Razia Sultana; Adeola M. Alashi; Khaleda Islam; Saifullah; C. Emdad Haque; Rotimi E. Aluko. Inhibitory Activities of Polyphenolic Extracts of Bangladeshi Vegetables against α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, Renin, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Foods 2020, 9, 844 .

AMA Style

Razia Sultana, Adeola M. Alashi, Khaleda Islam, Saifullah, C. Emdad Haque, Rotimi E. Aluko. Inhibitory Activities of Polyphenolic Extracts of Bangladeshi Vegetables against α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, Renin, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Foods. 2020; 9 (7):844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Razia Sultana; Adeola M. Alashi; Khaleda Islam; Saifullah; C. Emdad Haque; Rotimi E. Aluko. 2020. "Inhibitory Activities of Polyphenolic Extracts of Bangladeshi Vegetables against α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, Renin, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme." Foods 9, no. 7: 844.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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In this study, we posit that in determining the underpinnings and attributes of community resilience to disaster-shocks, an analysis of actual and potential disaster victims' emic perspectives, that is the views of cultural insiders, on recovery processes and community resilience is crucial. We argue that community resilience must be framed within a deeper understanding of the subjective views of the actors themselves, their local knowledge and culture, and the historical context of the place or social formation. In this context, the primary goal of this study was to delineate the fundamental elements of community recovery and attributes of resilience to cyclones, storm surges, and other environmental disaster-shocks in Bangladesh's coastal communities, and, recognizing that social actions are pivotal elements of community resilience, we attempt to make a novel contribution by underscoring local emic perspectives. Using the tools of participatory research methods, we collected empirical data from four sources: a household survey of 300 household heads, eight focus group discussions, 20 key informant interviews, and five in-depth, household case studies. Our research findings revealed that the roles of traditional-informal as well as quasi-formal institutions were vital for rapid recovery and transformation to new local economic and livelihood trajectories. Resilience attributes that were deeply embedded in community characteristics assisted in ameliorating immediate impacts as well as in building future adaptive capacities. Out of 12 resilience attributes identified by the respondents, ‘knowledge, skills and learning’, ‘values and beliefs’, ‘people-place connection’, ‘social networks and support’, ‘active institutions’, and ‘self-organization’ capacities were ranked highest. The community resilience attributes and their functionality in the context of the coastal communities studied varied significantly depending on their economic base, occupations, and their respective contexts of vulnerability. Overall, the findings demonstrate that community resilience attributes function interactively rather than independently, and analyses of community attributes therefore require a clear understanding of network functioning and the processes that drive institutional structures, relations, and outcomes.

ACS Style

M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque; David Walker; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury. Community resilience to cyclone and storm surge disasters: Evidence from coastal communities of Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 264, 110457 .

AMA Style

M. Salim Uddin, C. Emdad Haque, David Walker, Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury. Community resilience to cyclone and storm surge disasters: Evidence from coastal communities of Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 264 ():110457.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque; David Walker; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury. 2020. "Community resilience to cyclone and storm surge disasters: Evidence from coastal communities of Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Management 264, no. : 110457.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Water
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The fundamental processes of policy shifts emphasize how policy problems emerge and how policy decisions are made to overcome previous shortcomings. In Bangladesh, flood management policies may also have been driven by policy failures and flood-disaster events. In this context, we examined how policy shifts occurred in the country from 1947 to 2019 in areas of water management and flood prevention, control, and risk mitigation. To understand the nature of these policy shifts, we examined the evolutionary processes of flood management policies, the associated drivers, and the roles of key actors. Our findings reveal that policy transitions were influenced primarily by the predominance of the structural intervention paradigm and by catastrophic flood events. Such transitions were nonlinear due to multiple interest groups who functioned as contributors to, as well as barriers against, flood prevention policies. Policy debates over environmental concerns helped bring about a shift from a primary focus on structural intervention to a mixed approach incorporating various nonstructural interventions. Furthermore, our results suggest that the shifts in flood management policies have resulted in some degree of reliance on a “people-centered” approach rather than solely an “engineering coalition”, which emphasizes the pivotal role of community members in decision making and the implementation of flood policies and programs.

ACS Style

C. Emdad Haque; M. Abul Kalam Azad; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury. Discourse of Flood Management Approaches and Policies in Bangladesh: Mapping the Changes, Drivers, and Actors. Water 2019, 11, 2654 .

AMA Style

C. Emdad Haque, M. Abul Kalam Azad, Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury. Discourse of Flood Management Approaches and Policies in Bangladesh: Mapping the Changes, Drivers, and Actors. Water. 2019; 11 (12):2654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Emdad Haque; M. Abul Kalam Azad; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury. 2019. "Discourse of Flood Management Approaches and Policies in Bangladesh: Mapping the Changes, Drivers, and Actors." Water 11, no. 12: 2654.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2019 in International Health
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Background This study examines vector density, the prevailing knowledge, awareness, attitudes and practice (KAAP) of community members regarding dengue disease and their willingness to pay (WTP) for vector control in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study design was followed: (i) an entomological survey was carried out in 727 randomly selected households in 12 wards, representing four urban ecological zones and (ii) a survey of 330 household heads was conducted to study their KAAP. The χ2 test and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) were applied to investigate factors associated with WTP and other variables. Results The Stegomyia indices significantly vary among the urban zones, revealing that the paved and built areas with concentrated public/commercial services have the highest mosquito density. Most respondents (93.9%) knew about dengue and its severity (90.3%); however, many of them were unaware (79.3%) about the types of mosquitoes causing dengue. MLR modelling reveals that average spending per month for mosquito control, household income and knowledge about the effects of land use and seasonality on dengue were significantly associated with the WTP for controlling the dengue vector. Conclusions Concerted efforts should be made to increase awareness about dengue transmission and develop community-based sustainable dengue vector control programmes involving both the public and private sectors.

ACS Style

Sabrina Islam; C Emdad Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; David Walker. Association among ecological and behavioural attributes, dengue vector and disease control: a cross-sectional study of the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Health 2019, 12, 444 -454.

AMA Style

Sabrina Islam, C Emdad Haque, Shakhawat Hossain, David Walker. Association among ecological and behavioural attributes, dengue vector and disease control: a cross-sectional study of the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Health. 2019; 12 (5):444-454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabrina Islam; C Emdad Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; David Walker. 2019. "Association among ecological and behavioural attributes, dengue vector and disease control: a cross-sectional study of the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh." International Health 12, no. 5: 444-454.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2019 in Acta Tropica
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The container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes are the major vectors transmitting dengue and several other arboviral diseases such as chikungunya and zika across the tropical world. Surveillance for immature Aedes, particularly pupae, is an effective tool for measuring dengue outbreak risk. While in Bangladesh, the greatest burden of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever cases has periodically been occurring since the first major outbreak in 2000, very limited research has yet been pursued to understand the dynamics of Aedes pupal production in this country. In this backdrop, this study was carried out to i) identify containers at household premises contributing to dengue vector productivity; ii) measure the extent of pupae productivity of household containers; and, iii) determine the effects of household ecological factors upon productivity of pupae in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. During the monsoon months of 2013, a total of 1,033 containers (674 wet and 363 dry) in 727 household premises in 12 wards of the city of Dhaka were inspected to measure container productivity and collect household ecological, and human behavioural data. The results reveal that the majority of immature mosquitoes (73.52% larvae and 84.91% pupae) developed in containers located outdoor that are used mostly for household chores. Plastic containers (57.55% of all immature mosquito-positive containers) used for household chores produce most of the immature mosquitos. The results of the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model reveal that pupae production significantly varies by container type (p-value = 0.0136) for the count regression group. However, when considering container size along with container type, container size is found significant for pupae production (p-value = 0.0041), showing that container size is confounded with the container type and the pupae production. Containers greater than 50 litres (L) are likely to produce 4.9 times more pupae than containers with <1L. Two household ecological factors are found to be significant (shade: p-value = 0.005 in the count regression group and type of water: p-value = 0.001 in the excess zero group) for pupae production. We found that containers with partial shade produce 4.6 times more pupae than without any shade, whereas in the excess zero group the expected number of observed zero pupae count is 86.5% lower in containers filled with rain water than those with tap water, tube-well water, ring well water and water from other sources. The most commonly used plastic-made containers (i.e., refrigerator trays, drums, buckets) and flower tubs/trays are the most abundant immature mosquito-positive containers. These findings would help the concerned authorities to formulate programs for changing human behaviour targeting the most productive containers for Aedes habitat management and vector control in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Sabrina Islam; C. Emdad Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; Kateryn Rochon. Role of container type, behavioural, and ecological factors in Aedes pupal production in Dhaka, Bangladesh: An application of zero-inflated negative binomial model. Acta Tropica 2019, 193, 50 -59.

AMA Style

Sabrina Islam, C. Emdad Haque, Shakhawat Hossain, Kateryn Rochon. Role of container type, behavioural, and ecological factors in Aedes pupal production in Dhaka, Bangladesh: An application of zero-inflated negative binomial model. Acta Tropica. 2019; 193 ():50-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabrina Islam; C. Emdad Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; Kateryn Rochon. 2019. "Role of container type, behavioural, and ecological factors in Aedes pupal production in Dhaka, Bangladesh: An application of zero-inflated negative binomial model." Acta Tropica 193, no. : 50-59.

Research article
Published: 14 January 2019 in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
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Disaster management and resilience-building initiatives have been hypothesized as more effective when integrated with local governance structures. However, factors shaping the institutionalization of disaster management remain poorly understood. We argue that success in such initiatives cannot be achieved without compliance with good governance criteria. We applied a qualitative research methodology following a Case Study approach, and data were collected using techniques from the Participatory Rural Appraisal toolbox from the field, and government and non-government organizational sources. We found that compliance with good governance criteria, financial and technical capacity (technology, tools and know-how skills) and autonomy and cross-scale institutional linkages are necessary conditions for successful local-level disaster management. Further policy and research attention require a closer examination of the dynamics of local-level institutions, which are on the front lines of disaster management and resilience building. In particular, special attention should be given to the integration of ‘governance’ and ‘resilience’ research streams.

ACS Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque. “Nature brings us extreme events, some people cause us prolonged sufferings”: the role of good governance in building community resilience to natural disasters in Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2019, 62, 1761 -1781.

AMA Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury, M. Salim Uddin, C. Emdad Haque. “Nature brings us extreme events, some people cause us prolonged sufferings”: the role of good governance in building community resilience to natural disasters in Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2019; 62 (10):1761-1781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; M. Salim Uddin; C. Emdad Haque. 2019. "“Nature brings us extreme events, some people cause us prolonged sufferings”: the role of good governance in building community resilience to natural disasters in Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 62, no. 10: 1761-1781.

Original paper
Published: 22 September 2018 in Natural Hazards
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The Canadian Province of Manitoba has experienced many severe floods and other natural disasters, and in response municipal, provincial, and federal governments have developed various disaster and emergency management (DEM) policies and programs over the years to protect and preserve lives and resources. In this context, the present study examined how various disaster management institutions and policies in Manitoba have changed over the years, drawing insights from the existing literature. Framing devices employed included Birkland’s policy change and learning framework, Peter May’s categorization of policy learning, and other social learning literature. A total of 21 key informant interviews (KIIs), comprising 3 senior provincial political leaders, 10 senior bureaucrats, and 8 municipal emergency coordinators, were conducted to collect primary data. Our findings reveal that significant policy changes were made in response to events such as the droughts of the 1930s; the floods of 1950, 1966, 1997, and 2011; and the wildfires of 1989. However, these were largely “reactive” initiatives driven by “top-down” decision-making processes. While natural as well as technological disasters [such as the 1979 Mississauga (Ontario) train derailment and 1984 Bhopal (India) chemical plant disaster] led to the successful implementation of institutional learning provisions within Manitoba DEM policy, the achievement of similar provisions for responding to climate change and other emerging threats has been impeded by numerous barriers such as a lack of political will and/or financial constraints.

ACS Style

C. Emdad Haque; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; Sowayib Sikder. “Events and failures are our only means for making policy changes”: learning in disaster and emergency management policies in Manitoba, Canada. Natural Hazards 2018, 98, 137 -162.

AMA Style

C. Emdad Haque, Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury, Sowayib Sikder. “Events and failures are our only means for making policy changes”: learning in disaster and emergency management policies in Manitoba, Canada. Natural Hazards. 2018; 98 (1):137-162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Emdad Haque; Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; Sowayib Sikder. 2018. "“Events and failures are our only means for making policy changes”: learning in disaster and emergency management policies in Manitoba, Canada." Natural Hazards 98, no. 1: 137-162.

Research article
Published: 21 June 2018 in PLOS ONE
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Dengue viruses are responsible for over 100 million infections a year worldwide and are a public health concern in Bangladesh. Although risk of transmission is high, data on vector population characteristics are scanty in Bangladesh; therefore, a comprehensive prediction of the patterns of local virus transmission is not possible. Recognizing these gaps, multi-year entomological surveys were carried out in Dhaka, where the disease is most frequently reported. The specific objectives of the present study are threefold: i) to determine the risk factors for the presence of Aedes mosquitoes; ii) to identify the types of most productive and key containers; and iii) to estimate the effects of climatic factors on Aedes abundance in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Entomological surveys were conducted in 12 out of 90 wards in Dhaka. These wards were selected using a probability proportional sampling procedure during the monsoon seasons in 2011, 2012 and 2013 and in the dry season in 2012. All containers inside and around sampled households were inspected for mosquito larvae and pupae, and containers were classified according to their relative size, use pattern, and materials of construction. During the study period (2011–2013), 12,680 larvae and pupae were collected. About 82% of the identified immature mosquitoes were Aedes aegypti, while the remainder were Ae. albopictus and other mosquito species. The largest number of immature mosquitoes was collected from tires and refrigerator trays during 2011 and 2012 monsoon seasons. Conversely, plastic drums were the most productive during the 2012 dry and 2013 monsoon season. Vehicle parts and discarded construction materials were the most efficient producers of Aedes mosquitoes in all surveys. The presence of Aedes mosquitoes was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in low socio-economic zones of Dhaka. Container location, presence of vegetation, and availability of shade for containers were also significantly associated with finding immature Aedes mosquitoes, based on multivariable analysis after confounder adjustment. Rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity also significantly affected the mean abundance of mosquitoes. Proper use, disposal, and recycling of the containers that effectively produce large numbers of Aedes vector mosquitoes may decrease the risk of arboviral transmission.

ACS Style

Kishor Kumar Paul; Parnali Dhar-Chowdhury; C. Emdad Haque; Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin; Doli Rani Goswami; Mohammad Abdullah Heel Kafi; Michael A. Drebot; L. Robbin Lindsay; Gias Uddin Ahsan; W. Abdullah Brooks. Risk factors for the presence of dengue vector mosquitoes, and determinants of their prevalence and larval site selection in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0199457 .

AMA Style

Kishor Kumar Paul, Parnali Dhar-Chowdhury, C. Emdad Haque, Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin, Doli Rani Goswami, Mohammad Abdullah Heel Kafi, Michael A. Drebot, L. Robbin Lindsay, Gias Uddin Ahsan, W. Abdullah Brooks. Risk factors for the presence of dengue vector mosquitoes, and determinants of their prevalence and larval site selection in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (6):e0199457.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kishor Kumar Paul; Parnali Dhar-Chowdhury; C. Emdad Haque; Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin; Doli Rani Goswami; Mohammad Abdullah Heel Kafi; Michael A. Drebot; L. Robbin Lindsay; Gias Uddin Ahsan; W. Abdullah Brooks. 2018. "Risk factors for the presence of dengue vector mosquitoes, and determinants of their prevalence and larval site selection in Dhaka, Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 13, no. 6: e0199457.

Article
Published: 06 January 2018 in Environmental Management
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The varied interpretations of the concept of resilience in natural hazards research literature has attracted numerous criticisms. A common criticism centers around a poor understanding of the changes caused by natural disasters by the research stream. Considering resilience as a metaphor of change, and newspaper as a catalyst that often highlights post-disaster opportunities for “forward looking” (rather than bouncing back) changes, we examined some specific aspects of change in Canadian communities by analyzing coverage of natural disasters in daily newspapers. We posit that post-disaster newspaper discourse on resilience and change can not only assist enhancing academic inquiries on resilience but also contribute to improving practices for transformative changes in post-disaster contexts. We adopted a social constructivist approach to analyzing newspaper discourse, using the ProQuest database to find articles from the 1996–2017 period. The findings exhibited a trend of the increased use of narratives on resilience in Canadian newspapers since the 1990s that substantiates the hypothesis that transformative change in the personal and practical spheres requires alteration of peoples’ attitude, behavior, and thinking toward environmental risks. The discourse emphasized incremental changes at the policy level: (i) to improve response and recovery, and (ii) to address the needs of vulnerable and disaster-affected population. Our findings overall underscore the importance of documentation and efforts towards streamlining learning; application of learning at multiple interconnected levels for progressive changes to enhance community resilience, and the need for building consensus among academicians, practitioners and policy makers regarding the meaning and use of the concept of resilience.

ACS Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque. Interpretations of Resilience and Change and The Catalytic Roles of Media: A Case of Canadian Daily Newspaper Discourse on Natural Disasters. Environmental Management 2018, 61, 236 -248.

AMA Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury, C. Emdad Haque. Interpretations of Resilience and Change and The Catalytic Roles of Media: A Case of Canadian Daily Newspaper Discourse on Natural Disasters. Environmental Management. 2018; 61 (2):236-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahed-Ul-Islam Choudhury; C. Emdad Haque. 2018. "Interpretations of Resilience and Change and The Catalytic Roles of Media: A Case of Canadian Daily Newspaper Discourse on Natural Disasters." Environmental Management 61, no. 2: 236-248.

Research article
Published: 21 August 2017 in International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management
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Purpose Coastal and floodplain areas are on the frontline of climate change in Bangladesh. Small-scale coastal and floodplain fishing communities of the country face a host of cross-scale stressors continually, some induced by climate change, and they have developed coping and adaption strategies based on customary social and experiential learnings. This paper aims to examine the coping and adaptation strategies that small-scale fishing communities undertake in the face of stresses including climate change and variability. Design/methodology/approach This research takes a nuanced ethnographic-oriented approach based on around two-year-long field study in two coastal and floodplain fishing villages, represented by two distinct ethnic groups. The study adopts direct observational methods to denote the ways small-scale fishing communities address the arrays of stressors to construct and reconstruct their survival and livelihood needs. Findings It was observed that fishers’ coping and adaptation strategies comprise a fluid combination of complex overlapping sets of actions that the households undertake based on their capitals and capabilities, perceptions, socio-cultural embeddedness and experiential learnings from earlier adverse situations. Broadly, these are survival, economic, physiological, social, institutional and religiosity-psychological in nature. Adaptation mechanisms involve some implicit principles or self-provisioning actions that households are compelled to do or choose under given sets of abnormal stresses to reach certain levels of livelihood functions. Originality/value Based on empirical field research, this paper recognizes small-scale fishers’ capability and adaptability in addressing climate change-induced stresses. Policymakers, international development planners, climate scientists and social workers can learn from these grassroots-level coping and adaptation strategies of fishing communities to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and variations.

ACS Style

Apurba Krishna Deb; C. Emdad Haque. Multi-dimensional coping and adaptation strategies of small-scale fishing communities of Bangladesh to climate change induced stressors. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2017, 9, 446 -468.

AMA Style

Apurba Krishna Deb, C. Emdad Haque. Multi-dimensional coping and adaptation strategies of small-scale fishing communities of Bangladesh to climate change induced stressors. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. 2017; 9 (4):446-468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Apurba Krishna Deb; C. Emdad Haque. 2017. "Multi-dimensional coping and adaptation strategies of small-scale fishing communities of Bangladesh to climate change induced stressors." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 4: 446-468.

Research article
Published: 23 March 2017 in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
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Dengue virus (DENV) activity has been reported in Dhaka, Bangladesh since the early 1960s with the greatest burden of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever cases observed in 2000. Since this time, the intensity of dengue activity has varied from year to year, and its determining factors remained relatively unknown. In light of such gaps in knowledge, the main objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude of seroprevalence and seroconversion among the surveyed population, and establish the individual/household level risk factors for the presence of DENV antibodies among all age groups of target populations in the city of Dhaka. Considering the lack of fine scale investigations on the factors driving dengue activity in Bangladesh, a prospective cohort study involving serological surveys was undertaken with participant interviews and blood donation across the city of Dhaka in 2012. Study participants were recruited from 12 of 90 wards and blood samples were collected during both the pre-monsoon (n = 1125) and post-monsoon (n = 600) seasons of 2012. The findings revealed that the seroprevalence in all pre-monsoon samples was 80.0% (900/1125) while the seropositivity in the pre-monsoon samples that had paired post-monsoon samples was 83.3% (503/600). Of the 97 paired samples that were negative at the pre-monsoon time point, 56 were positive at the post-monsoon time point. This resulted in a seroprevalence of 93.2% (559/600) among individuals tested during the post-monsoon period. Seroprevalence trended higher with age with children exhibiting a lower seropositivity as compared to adults. Results from this study also indicated that DENV strains were the only flaviviruses circulating in Dhaka in 2012. A multivariate analysis revealed that age, possession of indoor potted plants, and types of mosquito control measures were significant factors associated with DENV seroprevalence; while attendance in public/mass gatherings, and use of mosquito control measures were significantly associated with DENV seroconversion after adjusting for all other variables. Our study suggests that there is a high level of endemic dengue virus circulation in the city of Dhaka which has resulted in significant DENV seroprevalence among its residents. Seropositivity increased with age, however, a substantial proportion of children are at risk for DENV infections. Our serological analysis also documents considerable DENV seroconversion among study participants which indicates that a large proportion of the population in the city of Dhaka were newly exposed to DENV during the study period (pre-and post-monsoon 2012). High levels of seroconversion suggest that there was an intense circulation of DENV in 2012 and this may have resulted in a significant risk for viral associated illness. Findings of our study further indicated that home-based interventions, such as removing indoor potted plants and increased bed net use, in addition to vector control measures in...

ACS Style

Parnali Dhar-Chowdhury; Kishor Kumar Paul; C. Emdad Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; L. Robbin Lindsay; Antonia Dibernardo; W. Abdullah Brooks; Michael A. Drebot. Dengue seroprevalence, seroconversion and risk factors in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2017, 11, e0005475 .

AMA Style

Parnali Dhar-Chowdhury, Kishor Kumar Paul, C. Emdad Haque, Shakhawat Hossain, L. Robbin Lindsay, Antonia Dibernardo, W. Abdullah Brooks, Michael A. Drebot. Dengue seroprevalence, seroconversion and risk factors in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2017; 11 (3):e0005475.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Parnali Dhar-Chowdhury; Kishor Kumar Paul; C. Emdad Haque; Shakhawat Hossain; L. Robbin Lindsay; Antonia Dibernardo; W. Abdullah Brooks; Michael A. Drebot. 2017. "Dengue seroprevalence, seroconversion and risk factors in Dhaka, Bangladesh." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 3: e0005475.