In recent years, the principle of sustainability has received increasing attention in corporate governance, and corporate sustainability is usually achieved through organizational innovation. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that are critical for companies to influence organizational innovation when promoting Industry 4.0. Our research analyzes the relationship between these factors and Industry 4.0, human resources, and corporate sustainability to investigate organizational innovation and its formative factors against the backdrop of the new industrial era. Integrating partial least squares-structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM), bootstrapping, and other methods, we discover that for companies focusing on promoting Industry 4.0, the most important organizational innovation that affects sustainability is influenced by customer orientation, organizational culture, and leadership style in descending order of influence. Meanwhile, knowledge integration capability (KIC) is more important than knowledge absorptivity. It indicates that in the promotion of Industry 4.0, the trend of sustainability led by the leaders is fading, and the customer-driven trend will become more and more obvious in the future.

Industry 4.0 can enhance the operational efficiency of the supply chain, but the current research mainly focuses on analytics and smart things. Many companies integrate their organizations more closely with data by adopting Industry 4.0, but this study found that some companies have changed their leadership, organizational, and customer relationships through the adoption of CPS. Industry 4.0 is a socio-technical system that should be explored in terms of management practices, employee feedback, and the cause-and-effect relationship between them. This study proposes a modeling framework using the Su-field analysis of TRIZ method (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) and applies the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to investigate the relationship between leadership, organizational culture, and service management in the Taiwan industry. The results show that the data analysis, CPS, IoT, and intelligent technologies of Industry 4.0 can facilitate connections within the value chain and increase agility in response to environmental changes. Companies must have a good organizational culture and provide the right incentives to gain the organizational commitment of their employees to implement Industry 4.0.

Nowadays enterprises are encountering diversified customer requirements, and using market information well is critical to product development. It is extremely important to conduct risk planning, prevent potential failures, and reduce uncertain factors by transforming customer requirements into exact development targets. This study is based on the method of quality function deployment (QFD) and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). The package design for semi-finished products of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) modules in the photoelectricity industry was selected as a case study. First, customers conducted a questionnaire survey which helped determine the items they demanded. Second, QFD has been combined with FMEA to serve as the standard of evaluating the importance of customer requirements. Through mutual assessments and investigations by QFD and design failure mode and effects analysis (DFMEA), the key factors of a product design can be determined. The results of design of experiments verified that this method indeed effectively reduced defective products and customer complaints. The average number of customer complaints per year has been reduced from 9.5 to just only one after the introduction of the proposed method, which has been verified to assist in rapidly developing new products during the early design stage. This approach also reduces possible losses and enhances competitiveness.