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Dr. Sabine Stuerz
University of Hohenheim

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0 Photosynthesis
0 temperature response
0 Crop physiology
0 ecophysiology
0 Plant Abiotic Stress Physiology

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Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Agriculture
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Integrated-crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems are currently promoted as a measure for sustainable intensification of agricultural production. However, due to complex interactions among ICLF components, we are still lacking evidence about the system’s resilience regarding water availability, especially for regions characterized by pronounced wet and dry seasons and frequent droughts. For a mature ICLF system in the Cerrado biome of central-west Brazil comprising rows of eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, H13 clone) at a spacing of 22 m in combination with Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã pasture we continuously measured soil moisture (SM) until 1 m depth and supported this data with measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and aboveground green grass biomass (AGBM) across transects between the tree rows for almost two years. Across the seasons a distinct gradient was observed with SM being lower close to the tree rows than in the space between them. During winter SM decreased to critical values near the tree lines in the topsoil. During spring and summer, incident PAR was 72% and 86% lower close to the trees than at the center point. For autumn and winter PAR was more evenly distributed between the tree rows due to inclination with notably up to four times more radiation input near the tree lines compared to spring and summer. AGBM showed a clear distribution with maximum values in the center and about half of the biomass close to the tree rows. Our data suggest that, restrictions in AGBM accumulation shifted among seasons between water limitations in winter and light limitations during summer. Interestingly, SM changes during wetting and drying events were most pronounced in subsoils near the tree rows, while the topsoil showed much less fluctuations. The subsoil in central position showed the lowest SM dynamics in response to drought maintaining a relative high and constant SM content, therefore functioning as important water reservoirs likely improving the resilience of the system to drought stress. Results of this study could help to improve management and the design of ICLF systems in view of sustainability and resistance to (water) crises but should be further supported by in depth analysis of soil water dynamics as affected by climate gradients, soil types and different management practices.

ACS Style

Sarah Glatzle; Sabine Stuerz; Marcus Giese; Mariana Pereira; Roberto de Almeida; Davi Bungenstab; Manuel Macedo; Folkard Asch. Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in an Integrated-Crop-Livestock-Forestry System in Central-West Brazil. Agriculture 2021, 11, 245 .

AMA Style

Sarah Glatzle, Sabine Stuerz, Marcus Giese, Mariana Pereira, Roberto de Almeida, Davi Bungenstab, Manuel Macedo, Folkard Asch. Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in an Integrated-Crop-Livestock-Forestry System in Central-West Brazil. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (3):245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah Glatzle; Sabine Stuerz; Marcus Giese; Mariana Pereira; Roberto de Almeida; Davi Bungenstab; Manuel Macedo; Folkard Asch. 2021. "Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in an Integrated-Crop-Livestock-Forestry System in Central-West Brazil." Agriculture 11, no. 3: 245.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2021 in Plants
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Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

ACS Style

Sabine Stuerz; Folkard Asch. Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation. Plants 2021, 10, 134 .

AMA Style

Sabine Stuerz, Folkard Asch. Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation. Plants. 2021; 10 (1):134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabine Stuerz; Folkard Asch. 2021. "Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation." Plants 10, no. 1: 134.

Special issue article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
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Increasing demand for land to ensure human food security in the future has already impelled agricultural production into marginal areas. The environmental conditions found there have a more pronounced impact on agricultural productivity than in the systems used so far under favourable conditions. In addition to this challenge, climate change is expected to increase the unreliability of weather conditions (through increased variability and occurrence of extremes) for farmers considerably. This unreliability is even more serious in developing countries’ farming system where food security is vulnerable. Current efforts in digitalization offer great possibilities to improve farmers` decision‐making processes. A wide range of online tools and smartphone applications is available to support both agricultural extension services and smallholder farmers alike. These apps are often parameterized and validated to certain environments and are troubled when applied to new geographical locations and different environmental conditions. We have conducted field trials to demonstrate potential methods to close knowledge gaps in the data background for one of these apps, RiceAdvice, concerning three key aspects: shifting of cropping calendar, adjustment of fertilizer management and genotype selection. Sites in Ethiopia, Madagascar and Rwanda were selected to represent altitudinal gradients, with overlapping elevations reflecting differences in temperature to enable cross‐country comparisons. Planting dates were distributed throughout three calendar years, with continuous iterative planting dates taking place in Madagascar, in‐ and off‐season planting dates in Rwanda with different fertilizer applications, and one planting date during each rainy season in Ethiopia with different management options. With these trials, we have been able to identify key data sets needed for the adaptation of agricultural decision support tools to new environments. These include the assessment of climatic constraints on innovations to cropping calendars (e.g. double cropping), informed selection of alternative varieties able to complete crucial parts of their phenological development to avoid temperature‐related stress inducing, for example spikelet sterility in rice in late development stages and the effectivity of potential innovations in fertilizer management strategies.

ACS Style

Marc Cotter; Folkard Asch; Bayuh Belay Abera; Boshuwenda Andre Chuma; Kalimuthu Senthilkumar; Arisoa Rajaona; Ando Razafindrazaka; Kazuki Saito; Sabine Stuerz. Creating the data basis to adapt agricultural decision support tools to new environments, land management and climate change—A case study of the RiceAdvice App. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2020, 206, 423 -432.

AMA Style

Marc Cotter, Folkard Asch, Bayuh Belay Abera, Boshuwenda Andre Chuma, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar, Arisoa Rajaona, Ando Razafindrazaka, Kazuki Saito, Sabine Stuerz. Creating the data basis to adapt agricultural decision support tools to new environments, land management and climate change—A case study of the RiceAdvice App. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2020; 206 (4):423-432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marc Cotter; Folkard Asch; Bayuh Belay Abera; Boshuwenda Andre Chuma; Kalimuthu Senthilkumar; Arisoa Rajaona; Ando Razafindrazaka; Kazuki Saito; Sabine Stuerz. 2020. "Creating the data basis to adapt agricultural decision support tools to new environments, land management and climate change—A case study of the RiceAdvice App." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206, no. 4: 423-432.

Special issue article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
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Nitrogen (N) is one of the main nutrients that drive rice grain yield and is intensely managed especially in lowlands under irrigated conditions. A set of experiments was conducted in mid‐ and high‐altitude sites in Rwanda to investigate the response of five genotypes under different sowing dates and different N management. Genotype grain yields were higher and more stable at mid‐altitude across sowing dates. N rates strongly affected grain yield at mid‐altitude (p < .0001), but not at high altitude. Postponing basal N had positive effects on yield and yield components in both sites, with more pronounced effects at high altitude. Increasing N rate beyond 120 kg/ha led to a decrease in percentage of panicles per tiller and spikelet fertility and a decrease in grain yield due to excessive tillers at both high altitude and mid‐altitude. Thus, basal N application should be recommended at high altitude and the increase in N rate up to 120 kg/ha at mid‐altitude. A strict observation of recommended planting date should be followed at high altitude, and the use of cold‐tolerant genotypes is encouraged.

ACS Style

Boshuwenda Andre Chuma; Marc Cotter; Alain Kalisa; Arisoa Rajaona; Kalimuthu Senthilkumar; Sabine Stuerz; Isaac Vincent; Folkard Asch. Altitude, temperature, and N Management effects on yield and yield components of contrasting lowland rice cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2020, 206, 456 -465.

AMA Style

Boshuwenda Andre Chuma, Marc Cotter, Alain Kalisa, Arisoa Rajaona, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar, Sabine Stuerz, Isaac Vincent, Folkard Asch. Altitude, temperature, and N Management effects on yield and yield components of contrasting lowland rice cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2020; 206 (4):456-465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boshuwenda Andre Chuma; Marc Cotter; Alain Kalisa; Arisoa Rajaona; Kalimuthu Senthilkumar; Sabine Stuerz; Isaac Vincent; Folkard Asch. 2020. "Altitude, temperature, and N Management effects on yield and yield components of contrasting lowland rice cultivars." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206, no. 4: 456-465.

Special issue article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
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Due to land expansion and an increase in productivity, rice production in sub‐Saharan Africa has been growing at a rate of 6% in the past decade. Rainfed rice production systems have accounted for a large share of this expansion. In these systems, the potential growing period not only depends on the length of the rainy season and thus water availability, but is often, especially in the highlands of East Africa, bordered by the onset of the cool period of the year, when low minimum temperatures compromise rice yields. The objective of this study was to investigate the yield potential of 30 rice varieties contrasting in crop duration and cold tolerance in the highlands of East Africa, with its limited length of growing period. A field trial was conducted in the cropping seasons in 2016 and 2017 at the Fogera rice research station, Ethiopia. As a function of the onset of rains, rice was sown mid‐July in 2016 and early July in 2017. Early sowing in 2017 led to an extended crop duration and significantly lower yields of the short‐duration varieties, and to a shortened duration and significantly higher yields of the medium‐ and long‐duration varieties, when compared to late sowing in 2016. Late sowing compromised yield of the medium‐ and long‐duration varieties because of low temperatures during booting stage, which led to high spikelet sterility. Early sowing resulted in low yields of the short‐duration varieties, probably due to low solar radiation during the cloudy rainy season, which coincided with the vegetative stage. Therefore, choice of variety should be a function of the variable onset of the rainy season and related sowing date. However, crop models precisely calibrated for potential varieties and the respective environmental conditions could fully support the selection of a suitable variety, depending on the date of sowing, for example with the help of online tools or smartphone applications.

ACS Style

Bayuh Belay Abera; Sabine Stuerz; Kalimuthu Senthilkumar; Marc Cotter; Arisoa Rajaona; Folkard Asch. Season‐specific varietal management as an option to increase rainfed lowland rice production in East African high altitude cropping systems. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2020, 206, 433 -443.

AMA Style

Bayuh Belay Abera, Sabine Stuerz, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar, Marc Cotter, Arisoa Rajaona, Folkard Asch. Season‐specific varietal management as an option to increase rainfed lowland rice production in East African high altitude cropping systems. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2020; 206 (4):433-443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayuh Belay Abera; Sabine Stuerz; Kalimuthu Senthilkumar; Marc Cotter; Arisoa Rajaona; Folkard Asch. 2020. "Season‐specific varietal management as an option to increase rainfed lowland rice production in East African high altitude cropping systems." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206, no. 4: 433-443.

Special issue article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
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Rising global mean temperatures open opportunities in high‐altitude production systems for temperature‐sensitive crops such as lowland rice. Currently, the cropping window for rice in higher altitudes is still narrow, and thus, genotypes that tolerate a certain degree of chilling are needed to achieve their potential yield. Final yield depends on the interaction between genotype and environmental conditions. Exposing the genotype to a wide range of environments is a way to evaluate its adaptability into an expanding cropping calendar. Over a 2‐year period, an experiment was conducted in lowland rice systems in Madagascar at two locations differing in altitude. Twenty genotypes with contrasting levels of tolerance to low temperature were sown monthly in a non‐replicated rice garden trial. Plant development was monitored and yield and yield components were determined. Yield stability across the different growing environments was investigated. While crop duration was affected by sowing dates and altitude, yield was mainly determined by sowing date. Panicle number per m2 and number of spikelets per panicle were the most limiting factors for yield potential in mid‐altitude, while in high altitude, yield was mainly limited by spikelet fertility. Resulting cropping calendar and genotype recommendations are discussed.

ACS Style

Ando Razafindrazaka; Sabine Stuerz; Marc Cotter; Arisoa Rajaona; Folkard Asch. Genotypic yield responses of lowland rice in high‐altitude cropping systems. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2020, 206, 444 -455.

AMA Style

Ando Razafindrazaka, Sabine Stuerz, Marc Cotter, Arisoa Rajaona, Folkard Asch. Genotypic yield responses of lowland rice in high‐altitude cropping systems. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2020; 206 (4):444-455.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ando Razafindrazaka; Sabine Stuerz; Marc Cotter; Arisoa Rajaona; Folkard Asch. 2020. "Genotypic yield responses of lowland rice in high‐altitude cropping systems." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206, no. 4: 444-455.

Special issue article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
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Accurate modelling of plant development is the basis for any assessment of climate change impact on crop yields. Most rice models simulate development (phenology) based on temperature and photoperiod, but often the reliability of these models is reduced beyond the environment they were calibrated for. In our study, we tested the effects of relative air humidity and solar radiation on leaf appearance rate in greenhouse experiments and analysed data sets from field studies conducted in two extremely different rice‐growing environments in Nepal and Senegal. We also analysed environmental effects on duration to flowering of one popular IRRI material (IR64) for eight different sites covering the entire temperature range where rice is widely cultivated. Both low relative air humidity and low solar radiation significantly decreased leaf appearance rate. Mean air temperature explained 81% of the variation in duration to flowering across sites, which was furthermore significantly influenced by relative air humidity. Across all sites, a simple linear regression approach including mean air temperature and mean relative humidity in the calculation of duration to flowering led to a root mean square error (RMSE) of 10 days, which was slightly lower than the RMSE of 11 days achieved with an automated calibration tool for parameter optimization of cardinal temperatures and photoperiod sensitivity. Parameter optimization for individual sites led to a much smaller prediction error, but also to large differences in cardinal temperatures between sites, mainly lower optimum temperatures for the cooler sites. To increase the predictive power of phenological models outside their calibration range and especially in climate change scenarios, a more mechanistic modelling approach is needed. A starting point could be including relative air humidity and radiation in the simulation procedure of crop development, and presumably, a closer link between growth and development procedures could help to increase the robustness of phenological models.

ACS Style

Sabine Stuerz; Suchit P. Shrestha; Marc Schmierer; Duy Hoang Vu; Julia Hartmann; Abdoulaye Sow; Ando Razafindrazaka; Bayuh Belay Abera; Boshuwenda Andre Chuma; Folkard Asch. Climatic determinants of lowland rice development. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2020, 206, 466 -477.

AMA Style

Sabine Stuerz, Suchit P. Shrestha, Marc Schmierer, Duy Hoang Vu, Julia Hartmann, Abdoulaye Sow, Ando Razafindrazaka, Bayuh Belay Abera, Boshuwenda Andre Chuma, Folkard Asch. Climatic determinants of lowland rice development. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2020; 206 (4):466-477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabine Stuerz; Suchit P. Shrestha; Marc Schmierer; Duy Hoang Vu; Julia Hartmann; Abdoulaye Sow; Ando Razafindrazaka; Bayuh Belay Abera; Boshuwenda Andre Chuma; Folkard Asch. 2020. "Climatic determinants of lowland rice development." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206, no. 4: 466-477.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2019 in Plants
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Asymmetric changes of day and night temperature have already been observed because of Climate Change. However, knowledge on environmental conditions either during day or night serving as trigger for growth processes is scarce. In this study, one rice (Oryza sativa) variety (IR64) was examined to assess the impact of varying temperatures and relative air humidities during day and night periods on biomass, leaf area, and dry matter partitioning between organs. Three different day and night temperature (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C) and relative air humidity (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40%) regimes were established. The effect of relative air humidity on both plant dry matter and leaf area was larger than the effect of temperature, in particular low humidity had a strong negative impact during the night. With high day temperature, the shoot mass fraction increased, whereas the root mass fraction decreased. Specific leaf area increased at high night temperatures and led, along with the high leaf mass fraction at high night humidities, to higher growth rates. The results emphasize the importance of considering relative air humidity when focusing on plant responses to temperature, and strongly suggest that under asymmetric day and night temperature increases in the future, biomass partitioning rather than biomass itself will be affected.

ACS Style

Sabine Stuerz; Folkard Asch; Asch. Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Dry Matter, Leaf Area, and Partitioning. Plants 2019, 8, 521 .

AMA Style

Sabine Stuerz, Folkard Asch, Asch. Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Dry Matter, Leaf Area, and Partitioning. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabine Stuerz; Folkard Asch; Asch. 2019. "Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Dry Matter, Leaf Area, and Partitioning." Plants 8, no. 11: 521.

Review
Published: 01 May 2018 in Agronomy for Sustainable Development
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Half of the world’s population—more than 3.5 billion people—depend on rice for more than 20% of their daily energy requirements. Rice productivity is under threat for several reasons, particularly the deficiency of micronutrients, such as boron (B). Most rice-based cropping systems, including rice–wheat, are facing B deficiency as they are often practiced on high pH and alkaline soils with low B contents, low soil organic matter, and inadequate use of B fertilizer, which restricts the availability, uptake, and deposition of B into grains. Farmers’ reluctance to fertilize rice fields with B—due to the lack of cost-effective B-enriched macronutrient fertilizers—further exacerbates B deficiency in rice-based cropping systems. Here we review that, (i) while rice can tolerate excess B, its deficiency induces nutritional disorders, limits rice productivity, impairs grain quality, and affects the long-term sustainability of rice production systems. (ii) As B dynamics in the soil varies between flooded and aerobic rice systems, different B deficiency management strategies are needed in rice-based cropping systems. (iii) Correct diagnosis of B deficiency/toxicity in rice; understanding its interaction with other nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium; and the availability and application of B fertilizers using effective methods will help to improve the sustainability and productivity of different rice production systems. (iv) Research on rice-based systems should focus on breeding approaches, including marker-assisted selection and wide hybridization (incorporation of desirable genes), and biotechnological strategies, such as next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing, and genetic transformations to develop rice genotypes with improved B contents and abilities to acquire B from the soil. (v) Different B application strategies—seed priming and foliar and/or soil application—should be included to improve the performance of rice, particularly when grown under aerobic conditions.

ACS Style

Atique- Ur- Rehman; Muhammad Farooq; Abdul Rashid; Faisal Nadeem; Sabine Stuerz; Folkard Asch; Richard Bell; Kadambot Siddique. Boron nutrition of rice in different production systems. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 2018, 38, 25 .

AMA Style

Atique- Ur- Rehman, Muhammad Farooq, Abdul Rashid, Faisal Nadeem, Sabine Stuerz, Folkard Asch, Richard Bell, Kadambot Siddique. Boron nutrition of rice in different production systems. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2018; 38 (3):25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Atique- Ur- Rehman; Muhammad Farooq; Abdul Rashid; Faisal Nadeem; Sabine Stuerz; Folkard Asch; Richard Bell; Kadambot Siddique. 2018. "Boron nutrition of rice in different production systems. A review." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 38, no. 3: 25.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Ecological Indicators
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ACS Style

Marc Cotter; Folkard Asch; Thomas Hilger; Arisoa Rajaona; Alexandra Schappert; Sabine Stuerz; Xueqing Yang. Measuring leaf area index in rubber plantations − a challenge. Ecological Indicators 2017, 82, 357 -366.

AMA Style

Marc Cotter, Folkard Asch, Thomas Hilger, Arisoa Rajaona, Alexandra Schappert, Sabine Stuerz, Xueqing Yang. Measuring leaf area index in rubber plantations − a challenge. Ecological Indicators. 2017; 82 ():357-366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marc Cotter; Folkard Asch; Thomas Hilger; Arisoa Rajaona; Alexandra Schappert; Sabine Stuerz; Xueqing Yang. 2017. "Measuring leaf area index in rubber plantations − a challenge." Ecological Indicators 82, no. : 357-366.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in European Journal of Agronomy
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Feeding the future world population requires increased crop production. Here, we investigate the intensification option of increasing production by increasing cropping intensity and choice of varieties with different crop duration. We developed a model to generate, compare and visualise opportunities for single/double/triple cropping systems consisting of irrigated rice and optionally a vegetable. The model was applied in a case study in the Senegal River valley. Results showed that with appropriate choice of sowing dates, severe cold sterility in rice can be avoided, also in rice–rice crop rotations. At optimal sowing dates, simulated total long term average potential yields of single, double and triple cropping yields were 10.3, 19.0 and 18.9 t/ha respectively (total of 1,2 and 3 yields). With a hypothetical completely cold tolerant variety, yields could increase to 11.2, 20.2 and 20.9 respectively. Simulated Triple crop yields are hardly any higher than those of a double crop with two medium duration varieties. Delay in sowing due to late availability of resources (machinery, irrigation water allocation within a scheme, credits for pump fuel) is a known problem in the region. Therefore we also simulated how much delay was possible (width of the sowing windows) whilst still allowing for double cropping. We found enough delay was possible to allow for a rice–rice or a rice-vegetable crop. A rice-rice-vegetable triple cropping system would only be possible without delays and with a very short duration vegetable of 2 months. Most promising options to increase production are through shifting the sowing date to facilitate double cropping, adoption of medium duration varieties and breeding for cold tolerant varieties. (Résumé d'auteur

ACS Style

P.A.J. van Oort; A. Balde; M. Diagne; M. Dingkuhn; B. Manneh; B. Muller; A. Sow; S. Stuerz. Intensification of an irrigated rice system in Senegal: Crop rotations, climate risks, sowing dates and varietal adaptation options. European Journal of Agronomy 2016, 80, 168 -181.

AMA Style

P.A.J. van Oort, A. Balde, M. Diagne, M. Dingkuhn, B. Manneh, B. Muller, A. Sow, S. Stuerz. Intensification of an irrigated rice system in Senegal: Crop rotations, climate risks, sowing dates and varietal adaptation options. European Journal of Agronomy. 2016; 80 ():168-181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.A.J. van Oort; A. Balde; M. Diagne; M. Dingkuhn; B. Manneh; B. Muller; A. Sow; S. Stuerz. 2016. "Intensification of an irrigated rice system in Senegal: Crop rotations, climate risks, sowing dates and varietal adaptation options." European Journal of Agronomy 80, no. : 168-181.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Field Crops Research
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Yield reductions have been widely observed under water-saving irrigation in lowland rice. The yield gap has been related to decreases in the number of spikelets per panicle and decreased spikelet fertility. Since these yield components highly depend on the thermal environment of the meristem which is subjected to changes when a ponded water layer is omitted, the impact of irrigation system on yield components needs to be studied under consideration of temperature at meristem level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze yield and yield components of irrigated rice grown with and without a ponded water layer under consideration of effects of irrigation system on meristem temperature under field conditions. Field trials were conducted on two sites in Senegal, where rice was grown under flooded and non-flooded conditions with six staggered sowing dates between August 2009 and June 2010. Temperature was measured at meristem level and related to leaf area, yield and yield components of three different varieties (i.e. IR64, Sahel202 and N22). Yield reductions under non-flooded conditions were mainly observed in the cold-dry season, whereas slight yield increase were found in the hot-wet season. Among the yield components, reduced number of spikelets per panicle and spikelet fertility accounted for the largest share of the yield gap. Meristem temperature during the night was always lower under non-flooded conditions and the temperature difference between irrigation treatments increased during the cold-dry season. Leaf area per tiller was linearly related to meristem temperature in the observed temperature range, and a linear relationship was found between leaf area per tiller and the number of spikelets per panicle. Furthermore, spikelet fertility increased with meristem temperature between panicle initiation and booting stage. Therefore, lower meristem temperature led to smaller leaf area per tiller, less spikelets per panicle and decreased fertility under non-flooded conditions. Without standing water, the rice plant's meristem will be exposed to lower temperatures during night, which can lead to significant yield reductions in areas where cool nights occur. (Résumé d'auteur

ACS Style

S. Stuerz; A. Sow; B. Muller; B. Manneh; F. Asch. Yield components in response to thermal environment and irrigation system in lowland rice in the Sahel. Field Crops Research 2014, 163, 47 -54.

AMA Style

S. Stuerz, A. Sow, B. Muller, B. Manneh, F. Asch. Yield components in response to thermal environment and irrigation system in lowland rice in the Sahel. Field Crops Research. 2014; 163 ():47-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Stuerz; A. Sow; B. Muller; B. Manneh; F. Asch. 2014. "Yield components in response to thermal environment and irrigation system in lowland rice in the Sahel." Field Crops Research 163, no. : 47-54.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Field Crops Research
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In lowland rice production, water-saving irrigation technologies have been developed, but it has rarely been considered that the absence of a ponded water layer could change the field's microclimate due to the different thermal characteristics of water compared to air. At a site in the Senegal River valley, canopy and soil temperature as well as temperature at meristem level and relative humidity inside the canopy were observed in the presence and absence of a ponded water layer in an irrigated rice field. Gas-exchange measurements were conducted at different development stages of three varieties (IR4630, IR64, and Sahel108) sown in bi-monthly intervals and the effects of climatic and microclimatic parameters on stomatal conductance, assimilation rate, and intrinsic water use efficiency were investigated. Minimum soil (Tsmin) and meristem temperature (TMmin) were usually lower in the absence of a ponded water layer. Stomatal conductance depended mainly on Tsmin, TMmin, and minimum relative humidity inside the canopy. Assimilation rate was positively correlated with solar radiation, Tsmin and TMmin, but depended mainly on stomatal conductance. Without standing water, stomatal conductance was significantly lower, but reductions could be explained with lower Tsmin and/or TMmin. Nevertheless, Tsmin and/or TMmin were the major determinants of stomatal conductance and assimilation rate, which suggests a pivotal role of root zone temperature on plant growth probably via water uptake and, thus, overall plant water status. Varietal differences were found, with assimilation rate in IR4630 and Sahel108 having been less affected by low temperature than in IR64. When water-saving irrigation measures are applied in irrigated rice, the negative effects of lower soil and meristem temperature in the absence of a ponded water layer in the field on the productivity of rice need to be considered. In regions where night temperatures below 20 °C occur, varieties should be used that are less temperature-responsive, if the effect of cool nights on meristem temperature cannot be mitigated by a ponded water layer. (Résumé d'auteur

ACS Style

Sabine Stuerz; Abdoulaye Sow; Bertrand Muller; Baboucarr Manneh; Folkard Asch. Canopy microclimate and gas-exchange in response to irrigation system in lowland rice in the Sahel. Field Crops Research 2014, 163, 64 -73.

AMA Style

Sabine Stuerz, Abdoulaye Sow, Bertrand Muller, Baboucarr Manneh, Folkard Asch. Canopy microclimate and gas-exchange in response to irrigation system in lowland rice in the Sahel. Field Crops Research. 2014; 163 ():64-73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabine Stuerz; Abdoulaye Sow; Bertrand Muller; Baboucarr Manneh; Folkard Asch. 2014. "Canopy microclimate and gas-exchange in response to irrigation system in lowland rice in the Sahel." Field Crops Research 163, no. : 64-73.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Field Crops Research
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Growth and grain yield reductions have been widely observed when traditionally flooded rice fields were subjected to water-saving irrigation measures, where a continuous floodwater layer is avoided. These observations led to the perception of rice being a plant extremely sensitive to water stress even when grown in soils where water is sufficiently available. Since the rice plant's meristem is below the water surface during the vegetative stage in flooded fields, the difference in heat capacity between water and air will lead to changes in meristem temperature, when a ponded water layer is omitted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate leaf area development in response to meristem temperature under flooded and non-flooded conditions in the field. In Ndiaye, located in the Senegal River valley, a lowland rice variety (IR64) was sown on 13 staggered dates between July 2008 and June 2010. In a flooded treatment (FL), a continuous water layer was maintained, whereas in a non-flooded treatment (NF), irrigation water was applied until soil saturation every 2 or 3 days. Temperature at the soil surface as well as leaf area and tiller number were recorded. In most cases, leaf area was reduced under non-flooded conditions. Leaf area expansion rate was correlated with meristem temperature during the night. With temperature at the soil surface being lower under non-flooded conditions, lower leaf area expansion rates under non-flooded conditions could be attributed to lower meristem temperature. The omission of a floodwater layer can expose the rice plant's meristems to larger temperature extremes and thus affect plant growth. In environments with large temperature amplitudes, this effect should be considered when water-saving measures are applied in lowland rice fields. (Résumé d'auteur

ACS Style

S. Stuerz; A. Sow; B. Muller; B. Manneh; F. Asch. Leaf area development in response to meristem temperature and irrigation system in lowland rice. Field Crops Research 2014, 163, 74 -80.

AMA Style

S. Stuerz, A. Sow, B. Muller, B. Manneh, F. Asch. Leaf area development in response to meristem temperature and irrigation system in lowland rice. Field Crops Research. 2014; 163 ():74-80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Stuerz; A. Sow; B. Muller; B. Manneh; F. Asch. 2014. "Leaf area development in response to meristem temperature and irrigation system in lowland rice." Field Crops Research 163, no. : 74-80.