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Constant spacing-based platooning systems cannot guarantee string stability if platoon members only use the preceding vehicle’s information. To meet string stability specification, leader-predecessor-follower (LPF) platooning systems are proposed to incorporate the information of both the preceding vehicle and the platoon leader into the control loop. However, string stability of LPF platooning systems is very sensitive to communication and sensing delays. Even a delay of 5 milliseconds may render LPF platooning systems string-unstable. This paper focuses on a new approach to deal with communication and sensing delays in LPF platooning systems. A semi-constant spacing policy that synchronizes delayed measurements of system states obtained from different sources is proposed. This spacing policy aims at tracking the past information of the preceding vehicle to gurantee string stability. Moreover, the delay-synchronizing LPF platooning system puts the same requirements on controller parameters as the nominal LPF platooning system that is not affected by communication and sensing delays. Thus, control gains of the delay-synchronizing LPF platoon can be designed without considering delays.
Yu Zhang; Meng Wang; Jia Hu; Nikolaos Bekiaris-Liberis. Semi-constant Spacing Policy for Leader-Predecessor-Follower Platoon Control via Delayed Measurements Synchronization. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020, 53, 15096 -15103.
AMA StyleYu Zhang, Meng Wang, Jia Hu, Nikolaos Bekiaris-Liberis. Semi-constant Spacing Policy for Leader-Predecessor-Follower Platoon Control via Delayed Measurements Synchronization. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2020; 53 (2):15096-15103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Zhang; Meng Wang; Jia Hu; Nikolaos Bekiaris-Liberis. 2020. "Semi-constant Spacing Policy for Leader-Predecessor-Follower Platoon Control via Delayed Measurements Synchronization." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2: 15096-15103.
Good connectivity and accessibility help to enhance the competitiveness of regions and countries. This research provides a detailed analysis of the connectivity and accessibility of the Chinese railway network. The studied period starts in 1949 and ends in 2017. The research scope covers the railway system of the entire country (except Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao). Instead of focusing on main cities as research objects, this paper provides more detailed insights by using counties as the basic research units. The analysis shows that the achieved connectivity has been increasing continuously over the study period. Four accessibility indicators (temporal location indicator, weighted average travel time, daily accessibility, and potential indicator) provide comprehensive and complementary results, indicating that the most accessible cities and units are located in the southeastern part of the Hu line. In addition, higher economic level, or higher population density, is correlated with higher accessibility. Furthermore, the current network exhibits an unbalanced spatial distribution pattern, with an underdeveloped west. All the indicators show that the accessibility of the northwest and southwest regions is the lowest. Based on these conclusions, regional policy-making suggestions can be made to guide a rational railway network expansion and facilitate the equality and sustainable economic development of regions. The future railway system development is suggested to focus more on enhancing inner and inter-region communication in the west of China and attach importance to poverty-stricken counties in support of balanced regional growth and development. The railway development of the eastern regions needs to focus on optimizing the structure of the network as well as reasonably organizing railway routes.
Jing Fan; Ye Li; Yu Zhang; Xiao Luo; Changxi Ma. Connectivity and Accessibility of the Railway Network in China: Guidance for Spatial Balanced Development. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7099 .
AMA StyleJing Fan, Ye Li, Yu Zhang, Xiao Luo, Changxi Ma. Connectivity and Accessibility of the Railway Network in China: Guidance for Spatial Balanced Development. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7099.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Fan; Ye Li; Yu Zhang; Xiao Luo; Changxi Ma. 2019. "Connectivity and Accessibility of the Railway Network in China: Guidance for Spatial Balanced Development." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7099.