Rational: Myelin loss is a characteristic feature of both ischemic white matter disease and its associated vascular dementia, and is a hallmark of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion due to carotid artery stenosis. Yet the cellular mechanisms involved in ischemic dysmyelination are not well-understood, and no effective treatment has emerged to prevent or slow hypoperfusion-related demyelination. In a study employing the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model, we found reduced cerebral blood flow velocity and arteriolar pulsatility, and confirmed that prolonged BCAS provoked myelin disruption. These pathological features were associated with marked cognitive decline, in the absence of evident damage to axons.

The machining of stainless steels is very challenging owing to their high toughness and low thermal conductivity, causing high cutting temperatures and rapid tool wear. Conventionally, metalworking fluids in flood form are used during the process to improve surface quality and tool life; however, their use raises issues including environmental pollution and economic concerns. Therefore, an electrostatic minimal quantity lubrication (EMQL) technology was developed to reduce the consumption of metalworking fluids. EMQL is a near-dry machining technology utilizing the synergetic effects between electrostatic spraying and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), wherein the lubricant is to apply in a form of fine, uniform and highly penetrable and wettable mist droplets directly to the cutting zone. This study investigates the effect of EMQL in end milling of AISI 304 stainless steel in comparison with dry, wet and MQL machining. The results suggest that EMQL reduces tool wear and cutting force, prolongs tool life considerably and enhances surface finish compared with conventional wet and MQL machining. scanning electron microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses show that EMQL considerably reduces adhesive and abrasive wear on the flank face because of the lower friction and heat generation resulting from more efficient entry of the lubricant into the cutting interfaces.

The air bearing motorized spindle (ABMS) is the key component of the ultra-precision machine tool, which plays an important role in the ultra-precision machining process and directly influences machining accuracy. The influence of unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the ABMS is not understood clearly. To reveal the potential influence of the UMF, a mathematical model of the ABMS considering multiphysics fields is established. The variation trend of the UMF is simulated, and the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the ABMS is analyzed which emphasizes on the stability of the rotating shaft. It is shown that the UMF varies linearly at large rotor eccentricity which meets well with previous research, but it is noteworthy the UMF varies nearly to a quadratic function at small rotor eccentricity. The result of rotor dynamics shows that the UMF can change the converge position of the rotor center and the converge speed. Moreover, when at certain rotor mass and external load, the UMF can enlarge the stability boundary of the rotor. This research provides an example of analyzing the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the ABMS considering multiphysics fields which may help to the further investigation.