Aim. To study the behavioral trajectory of the lifestyle of students of medical colleges who studied in 2015–2016 and a health model formed by them. Methods. Using a sample (n=400) selected by a simple random method, the lifestyle and health model of students of medical colleges in Moscow in 2015–2016 were studied by sociological method based on descriptive statistics, correlation-regression and factor analysis. Results. Analysis of lifestyles of the students of medical colleges revealed the following behavioral risk factors: alcohol consumption (55.3%), eating improperly (54.5%), smoking (38%), improper sleep regimen (35%), and low physical activity (30%). The analysis of the health model showed that such risk factors as smoking, improper diet, and incorrect sleep regimen are assessed by the students in medical colleges as harmful, and with the increasing prevalence of the factor among the students, the number who consider them harmful will increase, while such factors as alcohol consumption and low physical activity are not considered by the students as harmful and with the increasing prevalence of this factor among the students, the number of students who consider them as risk factors will decrease. Conclusion. Among the students of medical colleges, the negative behavioral trajectory of a lifestyle formed at the beginning of the 21st century, including smoking, drinking alcohol, unhealthy diet, improper sleep, and low level of physical activity, has been preserved; the developed health model shows that students consider smoking, malnutrition and improper sleep risk factors, and factors such as alcohol consumption and low activity are not considered harmful.

Aim. To find a scientific rationale and to develop a comprehensive system to adapt nursing staff at federal healthcare facilities. Methods. The following methods were used: direct observation, sociological, expert evaluation, analytical, statistical. The study included 526 nurses, among them 8 were principal chief nurses, 114 - senior nurses of the departments, 328 - ordinary nursing staff, 79 - newly accepted employees who completed the developed adaptation program for nursing staff. Special questionnaires were designed for adaptation program development. The existing system of nursing staff professional development was assessed by processing «Nursing staff adaptation program» documents. Results. A new program of adaptation of new employees to the workplace and professional requirements for a future position was designed while improving nursing staff management, according to the study results. The program includes the use of modern adaptation process methodology and contains teaching materials. The comparative analysis of the answers of executive nursing staff revealed that principal chief nurses admitted the need for the program: 7 (87.5%) out of 8 nurses considered it necessary before it was introduced, 100% of principal chief nurses recognized the importance of adaptation program after it was introduced. Senior nurses admitted the need for introducing the program in 70 (61.4%) of cases, however, after its introduction 108 (94.7%) of respondents confirmed that it was necessity. Conclusion. Adaptation program to a professional environment and new workplace for nursing staff is actual and is a necessary part of preparing the new employees to a professional environment and activities at the new workplace.

Aim. To evaluate the awareness of patients of questions of medical genetics at the stage of family planning before pregnancy. Methods. Sociological, statistical and analytical analysis was performed. 350 respondents participated in the survey, including 304 pregnant women. Results. 219 (62.6%) of 350 respondents reported that they didn’t know the risk factors for hereditary and congenital diseases. Smoking as a risk factor was noted by 32 (9.1%) of all respondents, alcohol abuse - by 7 (2%), drug abuse - by 3 (0.9%), medication intake - by 24 (6.9%), infections - by 20 (5.7%), the presence of disease with hereditary predisposition - by 25 (7.1%), malnutrition - by 20 (5.7%) respondents. Approximately half of all respondents reported that they «know about the threads associated with hereditary and congenital diseases for the health status of their future child», 39.1% «knew, but not enough», 11.2% «didn’t know». Out of 350 respondents, 299 (85.4%) have never seek for medicogenetic counseling for pregnancy planning before. The main reasons for seeking for medicogenetic counseling were: abnormal biochemistry test results found at screening - in 169 (55.6%) of cases, seeking for prognosis of the future child health - in 61 (20.1%) of cases, age over 35 years - in 39 (12.8%) cases. Almost one-third of all responders (33.2%) did not know about methods for hereditary and congenital abnormalities prevention, 41.2% «knew, but not enough», and only 25.6% thought that they knew about those methods. Conclusion. The patients are seeking for the medical and genetic counseling in retrospect, when they already have health problems, and they are not informed about medical and genetic counseling, as well as are unaware of the importance of risk factors and methods for hereditary and congenital abnormalities prevention.