With a Yang–Mills field, stratified shear flow initial state and a high resolution ( $$3+1$$3+1 )D particle-in-cell relativistic (PICR) hydrodynamic model, we calculate the $$\varLambda $$Λ polarization for peripheral Au + Au collisions at RHIC energy of $$\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$$SNN=200 GeV. The obtained longitudinal polarization in our model agrees with the experimental signature and the quadrupole structure on transverse momentum plane. It is found that the relativistic correction (2nd term), arising from expansion and from the time component of the thermal vorticity, plays a crucial role in our results. This term is changing sign and exceeds the first term, arising from the classical vorticity. Finally, the global polarization in our model shows no significant dependence on rapidity, which agrees with the experimental data. It is also found that the second term flattens the sharp peak arising from the classical vorticity (1st term).

Inertial Confinement Fusion is a promising option to provide massive, clean, and affordable energy for mankind in the future. The present status of research and development is hindered by hydrodynamical instabilities occurring at the intense compression of the target fuel by energetic laser beams. A recent patent combines advances in two fields: Detonations in relativistic fluid dynamics (RFD) and radiative energy deposition by plasmonic nano-shells. The initial compression of the target pellet can be decreased, not to reach the Rayleigh–Taylor or other instabilities, and rapid volume ignition can be achieved by a final and more energetic laser pulse, which can be as short as the penetration time of the light across the pellet. The reflectivity of the target can be made negligible as in the present direct drive and indirect drive experiments, and the absorptivity can be increased by one or two orders of magnitude by plasmonic nano-shells embedded in the target fuel. Thus, higher ignition temperature and radiation dominated dynamics can be achieved with the limited initial compression. Here, we propose that a short final light pulse can heat the target so that most of the interior will reach the ignition temperature simultaneously based on the results of RFD. This makes the development of any kind of instability impossible, which would prevent complete ignition of the target.

Inertial confinement fusion is a promising option to provide massive, clean, and affordable energy for humanity in the future. The present status of resear

It has been shown in recent ALICE@LHC measurements that the odd flow harmonics, in particular, a directed flow v1, occurred to be weak and dominated by random fluctuations. In this work we propose a new method, which makes the measurements more sensitive to the flow patterns showing global collective symmetries. We demonstrate how the longitudinal center of mass rapidity fluctuations can be identified, and then the collective flow analysis can be performed in the event-by-event center of mass frame. Such a method can be very effective in separating the flow patterns originating from random fluctuations, and the flow patterns originating from the global symmetry of the initial state.

We study the behavior of four types of vorticities in noncentral $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ collisions at energies $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=5\text{–}200$ GeV using a microscopic transport model PACIAE. The results show that the vorticities decay faster at lower energy and smaller impact parameter. The nonmonotonic dependence of the initial vorticities on the collision energies is reconfirmed and the turning point is 10–15 GeV for different vorticities. The global $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ polarization at energies $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7\text{–}200$ GeV is reproduced by introducing an energy density freeze-out criterion.

The NanoPlasmonic Laser Induced Fusion Energy (NAPLIFE)¹ project proposed fusion by regulating the laser light absorption via resonant nanorod antennas implanted into hydrogen rich urethane acrylate methacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymer targets. In part of the tests, boron-nitride (BN) was added to the polymer. Our experiments with resonant nanoantennas accelerated protons up to 225 keV energy. Some of these protons then led to p + ¹¹B fusion, indicated by the sharp drop of observed backward proton emission numbers at the 150 keV resonance energy of the reaction. The generation of alpha particles was verified by CR-39 (Columbia Resin #39) nuclear plastic track detectors.