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Surface reflectance products obtained through the absolute atmospheric correction of multispectral satellite images are useful for precise scientific applications. For broader applications, the reflectance products computed using high-resolution images need to be validated with field measurement data. This study dealt with 2.2-m resolution Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT)-3A images with four multispectral bands, which were used to obtain top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and top-of-canopy (TOC) reflectance products. The open-source Orfeo Toolbox (OTB) extension was used to generate these products. Next, these were subsequently validated by considering three sites (i.e., Railroad Valley Playa, NV, USA (RVUS), Baotou, China (BTCN), and La Crau, France (LCFR)) in RadCalNet, as well as a calibration and validation portal for remote sensing. We conducted the validations comparing satellite image-based reflectance products and field measurement reflectance based on data sets acquired at different times. The experimental results showed that the overall trend of validation accuracy of KOPSAT-3A was well fitted in all the RadCalNet sites and that the accuracy remained quite constant. Reflectance bands showing the minimum and maximum differences between the sets of experimental data are presented in this paper. The vegetation indices (i.e., the atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) and the structure insensitive pigment index (SIPI)) and three TOC reflectance bands obtained from KOMPSAT-3A were computed as a case study and used to achieve a detailed vegetation interpretation; finally, the correspondent results were compared with those obtained from Landsat-8 images (downloaded from the Google Earth Engine (GEE)). The validation and the application scheme presented in this study can be potentially applied to the generation of analysis ready data from high-resolution satellite sensor images.
Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. A Validation Experiment of the Reflectance Products of KOMPSAT-3A Based on RadCalNet Data and Its Applicability to Vegetation Indexing. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3971 .
AMA StyleKwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. A Validation Experiment of the Reflectance Products of KOMPSAT-3A Based on RadCalNet Data and Its Applicability to Vegetation Indexing. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (23):3971.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2020. "A Validation Experiment of the Reflectance Products of KOMPSAT-3A Based on RadCalNet Data and Its Applicability to Vegetation Indexing." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23: 3971.
Surface reflectance data obtained by the absolute atmospheric correction of satellite images are useful for land use applications. For Landsat and Sentinel-2 images, many radiometric processing methods exist, and the images are supported by most types of commercial and open-source software. However, multispectral KOMPSAT-3A images with a resolution of 2.2 m are currently lacking tools or open-source resources for obtaining top-of-canopy (TOC) reflectance data. In this study, an atmospheric correction module for KOMPSAT-3A images was newly implemented into the optical calibration algorithm in the Orfeo Toolbox (OTB), with a sensor model and spectral response data for KOMPSAT-3A. Using this module, named OTB extension for KOMPSAT-3A, experiments on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were conducted based on TOC reflectance data with or without aerosol properties from AERONET. The NDVI results for these atmospherically corrected data were compared with those from the dark object subtraction (DOS) scheme, a relative atmospheric correction method. The NDVI results obtained using TOC reflectance with or without the AERONET data were considerably different from the results obtained from the DOS scheme and the Landsat-8 surface reflectance of the Google Earth Engine (GEE). It was found that the utilization of the aerosol parameter of the AERONET data affects the NDVI results for KOMPSAT-3A images. The TOC reflectance of high-resolution satellite imagery ensures further precise analysis and the detailed interpretation of urban forestry or complex vegetation features.
Kiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim; Sun-Gu Lee; Yongseung Kim. Determination of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with Top-of-Canopy (TOC) Reflectance from a KOMPSAT-3A Image Using Orfeo ToolBox (OTB) Extension. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 257 .
AMA StyleKiwon Lee, Kwangseob Kim, Sun-Gu Lee, Yongseung Kim. Determination of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with Top-of-Canopy (TOC) Reflectance from a KOMPSAT-3A Image Using Orfeo ToolBox (OTB) Extension. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (4):257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim; Sun-Gu Lee; Yongseung Kim. 2020. "Determination of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with Top-of-Canopy (TOC) Reflectance from a KOMPSAT-3A Image Using Orfeo ToolBox (OTB) Extension." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4: 257.
Recently, web application services based on cloud computing technologies are being offered. In the web-based application field of geo-spatial data management or processing, data processing services are produced or operated using various information communication technologies. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is a type of cloud computing service model that provides a platform that allows service providers to implement, execute, and manage applications without the complexity of establishing and maintaining the lower-level infrastructure components, typically related to application development and launching. There are advantages, in terms of cost-effectiveness and service development expansion, of applying non-proprietary PaaS cloud computing. Nevertheless, there have not been many studies on the use of PaaS technologies to build geo-spatial application services. This study was based on open source PaaS technologies used in a geo-spatial image processing service, and it aimed to evaluate the performance of that service in relation to the Web Processing Service (WPS) 2.0 specification, based on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) after a test application deployment using the configured service supported by a cloud environment. Using these components, the performance of an edge extraction algorithm on the test system in three cases, of 300, 500, and 700 threads, was assessed through a comparison test with another test system, in the same three cases, using Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) without Load Balancer-as-a-Service (LBaaS). According to the experiment results, in all the test cases of WPS execution considered in this study, the PaaS-based geo-spatial service had a greater performance and lower error rates than the IaaS-based cloud without LBaaS.
Kiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim. A Performance Evaluation of a Geo-Spatial Image Processing Service Based on Open Source PaaS Cloud Computing Using Cloud Foundry on OpenStack. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1274 .
AMA StyleKiwon Lee, Kwangseob Kim. A Performance Evaluation of a Geo-Spatial Image Processing Service Based on Open Source PaaS Cloud Computing Using Cloud Foundry on OpenStack. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (8):1274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim. 2018. "A Performance Evaluation of a Geo-Spatial Image Processing Service Based on Open Source PaaS Cloud Computing Using Cloud Foundry on OpenStack." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8: 1274.
Trend technologies such as big data, cloud, Internet of things remain to be progressed and applied in many ways both industry and academics. Remote sensing application or geospatial information system have been regarded as important application domains linked to those huge technologies. This study considered the linkage of satellite image processing services to cloud computing on Platform as a Service (PaaS) for easy access to development components. PaaS is a service driven by infrastructure and helps to simplify the use of multiple technology elements as a service unit. The Web Processing Service (WPS), Open GIS standard, supporting online asynchronous processing is also an important element for multiple data processing of large volumes of satellite image sets. This study presents the generalized scheme to develop web-based satellite image processing application with WPS as a service based on PaaS cloud. All computing resources used in this study are fully open source containing GeoServer and ZOO project for geo-processing and OpenStack and Cloud Foundry for cloud computing. This approach will be useful to build cost-effective and service-oriented remote sensing applications with image processing functions in the standpoint of system engineering.
Kiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim. Geo-Based Image Analysis System Supporting OGC-WPS Standard on Open PaaS Cloud Platform. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2018, 5262 -5265.
AMA StyleKiwon Lee, Kwangseob Kim. Geo-Based Image Analysis System Supporting OGC-WPS Standard on Open PaaS Cloud Platform. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2018; ():5262-5265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim. 2018. "Geo-Based Image Analysis System Supporting OGC-WPS Standard on Open PaaS Cloud Platform." IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium , no. : 5262-5265.
Managing geo-based indoor content is important, because the components used to construct an urban environment are complex. Geospatial data are available worldwide, but services are tailored only to local features. As the accuracy of online maps increases, the buildings in a web-mapping service can be created exactly as they are, in terms of actual features and geometric properties, and can provide some information on indoor elements. Nevertheless, not many practical use cases exist, as the available scope and volume of indoor content are limited. In Korea’s metropolitan areas, an indoor geospatial information management scheme was built to manage internal facility information for public and underground buildings on a three-dimensional (3D) basis and to provide online visualization services for users. Based on this enterprise system for public use of indoor 3D content, we conducted a case study with add-on features to manipulate and manage data by adding two-dimensional (2D) building data that are linked to the 3D models. We also changed the classification system of the points of interest (POIs) for each internal facility. To enhance public usability, a portion of the usable information in this scheme can be offered via an open application programming interface (Open API). To create a 2D POIs obtained from an indoor 3D object that was provided as a relative coordinate with only 3D geometric features, several steps were needed: adding the object to the system, storing the object as an absolute coordinate, and linking the object with an outdoor mapping service. In addition, to provide more useful information about indoor POIs generated from 3D models for users, detailed information should be further managed by directly using the Open APIs designed in this study. Subsequently, a mobile web mapping service system to visualize indoor contents was deployed to deliver practical processing and improvements based on the deployed Open API. The possibility of effective management and application of POIs related to indoor contents was confirmed through the mobile web-mapping demo service that was established using Open API.
Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. Handling Points of Interest (POIs) on a Mobile Web Map Service Linked to Indoor Geospatial Objects: A Case Study. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2018, 7, 216 .
AMA StyleKwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. Handling Points of Interest (POIs) on a Mobile Web Map Service Linked to Indoor Geospatial Objects: A Case Study. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2018; 7 (6):216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2018. "Handling Points of Interest (POIs) on a Mobile Web Map Service Linked to Indoor Geospatial Objects: A Case Study." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 6: 216.
Kiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim. Geo-based Image Application on PaaS Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Distance Education and Learning 2018, 143 -146.
AMA StyleKiwon Lee, Kwangseob Kim. Geo-based Image Application on PaaS Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Distance Education and Learning. 2018; ():143-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim. 2018. "Geo-based Image Application on PaaS Cloud Computing." Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Distance Education and Learning , no. : 143-146.
There are many cases wherein services offered in geospatial sectors are integrated with other fields. In addition, services utilizing satellite data play important roles in daily life and in sectors such as environment and science. Therefore, a management structure appropriate to the scale of the system should be clearly defined. The motivation of this study is to resolve issues, apply standards related to a target system, and provide practical strategies with a technical basis. South Korea uses the e-Government Standard Framework, using the Java-based Spring framework, to provide guidelines and environments with common configurations and functions for developing web-based information systems for public services. This web framework offers common sources and resources for data processing and interface connection to help developers focus on business logic in designing a web system. In this study, a geospatial image processing system—linked with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Processing Service (WPS) 2.0 standard for real geospatial information processing, and based on this standard framework—was designed and built utilizing fully open sources. This is the first case of implementation based on WPS 2.0 running on the e-Government Standard Framework. Establishing a standard for its use will be important, and the system built in this study can serve as a reference for the foundational architecture in building geospatial web service systems with geodata-processing functionalities in government agencies.
Gooseon Yoon; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. Linkage of OGC WPS 2.0 to the e-Government Standard Framework in Korea: An Implementation Case for Geo-Spatial Image Processing. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2017, 6, 25 .
AMA StyleGooseon Yoon, Kwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. Linkage of OGC WPS 2.0 to the e-Government Standard Framework in Korea: An Implementation Case for Geo-Spatial Image Processing. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2017; 6 (1):25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGooseon Yoon; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2017. "Linkage of OGC WPS 2.0 to the e-Government Standard Framework in Korea: An Implementation Case for Geo-Spatial Image Processing." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6, no. 1: 25.
Performance Testing of Satellite Image Processing based on OGC WPS 2.0 in the OpenStack Cloud Environment WPS 2.0;Cloud Computing;Measure Performance;Satellite Image Processing; Many kinds of OGC-based web standards have been utilized in the lots of geo-spatial application fields for sharing and interoperable processing of large volume of data sets containing satellite images. As well, the number of cloud-based application services by on-demand processing of virtual machines is increasing. However, remote sensing applications using these two huge trends are globally on the initial stage. This study presents a practical linkage case with both aspects of OGC-based standard and cloud computing. Performance test is performed with the implementation result for cloud detection processing. Test objects are WPS 2.0 and two types of geo-based service environment such as web server in a single core and multiple virtual servers implemented on OpenStack cloud computing environment. Performance test unit by JMeter is five requests of GetCapabilities, DescribeProcess, Execute, GetStatus, GetResult in WPS 2.0. As the results, the performance measurement time in a cloud-based environment is faster than that of single server. It is expected that expansion of processing algorithms by WPS 2.0 and virtual processing is possible to target-oriented applications in the practical level.
Gooseon Yoon; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. Performance Testing of Satellite Image Processing based on OGC WPS 2.0 in the OpenStack Cloud Environment. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 32, 617 -627.
AMA StyleGooseon Yoon, Kwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. Performance Testing of Satellite Image Processing based on OGC WPS 2.0 in the OpenStack Cloud Environment. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 32 (6):617-627.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGooseon Yoon; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2016. "Performance Testing of Satellite Image Processing based on OGC WPS 2.0 in the OpenStack Cloud Environment." Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 32, no. 6: 617-627.
Mobile devices including popular smartphone contributes to efficiency improvement of on-site data processing. Mobile environment for real-time data processing needs some additional aspects besides desktop ones, as the style of mobile app, mobile web and mobile web app. Generally, mobile app provides internal storage service so that offline data processing is possible. But mobile app needs separate development according to different types of devices or operating systems, even to different sizes of display panel of mobile devices. Geo-based data are composed of vector and raster formats from complex structure, compared to other data sets including image data and multimedia data. Hence, even though mobile applications development for geo-based data is more complicated than other ones, users' demands with respect to geo-based data processing functionalities on mobile environment are increasing in these days. Mobile web supported by technical basis of HyperText Markup Language5 (HTML5) is regarded as useful service type combining geo-based data processing modules and mobile environments, because it does not require user' downloading or installation of programs and just needs web browsers. Indexed DB Application Programming Interface (API) within this international web standard provides offline data storage functions on mobile environment. Using this API, data sets can be permanently stored into mobile devices, not cache memory. Among numerous geo-data functionalities, visualization topic is basically and commonly used in most mobile services. This study presents an implementation case of mobile web app with geo-based data visualization processing on online and offline mode. Types of geo-based data sets are base map of Open Street Map (OSM), OSM vector layers with Extensible Markup Language (XML) contents and high resolution satellite images of optical sensor. It is thought that the result of this implementation can play a role to create intelligent mobile application fields using both geo-based data sets and earth observation satellite image sets.
Hansaem Park; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. Geo-data visualization on online and offline mode of mobile web using HTML5. 2016 4th International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA) 2016, 237 -240.
AMA StyleHansaem Park, Kwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. Geo-data visualization on online and offline mode of mobile web using HTML5. 2016 4th International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA). 2016; ():237-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHansaem Park; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2016. "Geo-data visualization on online and offline mode of mobile web using HTML5." 2016 4th International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA) , no. : 237-240.
Recently, OGC standards for geo-spatial data and information such as Web Map Service (WMS), Web Feature Service (WFS), Web Coverage Service (WCS) strengthen their extension and expansion of geo-based applications. As well, Web Processing Service (WPS) provides the interface specification regarding on-line geo-processing among inter-connecting systems complying with this standard. While, one of current huge trends, cloud computing means pay-as-you-go type uses of any computing resources including server, networking, or storage capacity. This gradually affects web-based information systems as software-as-a-service, infrastructure-as-a-service or platform-as-a-service in all fields. Many cloud environments are available in commercial or free basis. Amazon, Microsoft, IBM and Google are positioning as so-called cloud bursting service companies. By the way, cloud computing based on open source is also an important aspect for system developers. OpenStack is a typical example, and it applies to build public, private or hybrid cloud system in most application areas. There are a few practical cases in the geo-spatial application implementation by cloud computing environment, yet. As another thing for web-based applications, web framework is worth developers' consideration, because of its advantages of avoiding development redundancy and ensuring system stability. Therefore, it provides technical bases and implementation specifications for e-government standard web framework, in some countries. Spring framework, open source web framework, is an example. This study contains these three aspects: OGC WPS, OpenStack cloud, and Spring framework. Web is a very basic environment for information retrieval and processing so that it is also core to information system for geo-based data. However, approach to integrate and link with these three aspects is globally very early research stage now. These three components were integrated for the task of on-line geo-based image processing system implementation based on open source strategy. Above all, cloud computing environment using OpenStack was built to provide platform to deal with other components. Then, web framework was implemented onto this cloud environment to mediate client requesting and server responding via WPS. It is thought that this result can be a technical referential model for web-based geo-spatial applications including complex geo-data processing units between remote data providers and data processing server through standard interfaces.
Gooseon Yoon; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. Design and implementation of geo-spatial image processing system using OGC WPS 2.0 and Web framework on Openstack cloud. 2016 4th International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA) 2016, 132 -135.
AMA StyleGooseon Yoon, Kwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. Design and implementation of geo-spatial image processing system using OGC WPS 2.0 and Web framework on Openstack cloud. 2016 4th International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA). 2016; ():132-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGooseon Yoon; Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2016. "Design and implementation of geo-spatial image processing system using OGC WPS 2.0 and Web framework on Openstack cloud." 2016 4th International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA) , no. : 132-135.
Cloud computing is a base platform for the distribution of large volumes of data and high-performance image processing on the Web. Despite wide applications in Web-based services and their many benefits, geo-spatial applications based on cloud computing technology are still developing. Auto-scaling realizes automatic scalability, i.e., the scale-out and scale-in processing of virtual servers in a cloud computing environment. This study investigates the applicability of auto-scaling to geo-based image processing algorithms by comparing the performance of a single virtual server and multiple auto-scaled virtual servers under identical experimental conditions. In this study, the cloud computing environment is built with OpenStack, and four algorithms from the Orfeo toolbox are used for practical geo-based image processing experiments. The auto-scaling results from all experimental performance tests demonstrate applicable significance with respect to cloud utilization concerning response time. Auto-scaling contributes to the development of web-based satellite image application services using cloud-based technologies.
Sanggoo Kang; Kiwon Lee. Auto-Scaling of Geo-Based Image Processing in an OpenStack Cloud Computing Environment. Remote Sensing 2016, 8, 662 .
AMA StyleSanggoo Kang, Kiwon Lee. Auto-Scaling of Geo-Based Image Processing in an OpenStack Cloud Computing Environment. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8 (8):662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanggoo Kang; Kiwon Lee. 2016. "Auto-Scaling of Geo-Based Image Processing in an OpenStack Cloud Computing Environment." Remote Sensing 8, no. 8: 662.
In general, a mobile web service is a certain application service for mobile device user through web browsers in any place and any time. Trend of HTML5 is towards environment to perform core functionalities for this service such as IndexedDB, WebSocket or WebGL. While, it is increasing domestic cases to build public web-based information systems utilizing e-government standard framework based on the Spring framework based on open source. As well, open data policy is populated to promote applications from private sectors in the ways of accessing Open API or of downloading data sets. In any cases, integrity and updating of public open data are considered as the important aspects for private uses. This study is to design and implement real-time management technology in user interface of the client environment for spatial attribute data provided as public open data. This scheme, one of important modules in the geo-spatial data processing, can be easily utilized for mobile web service development in a specific application field.
Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. Real-time processing of spatial attribute information for mobile web based on standard web framework and HTML5. Spatial Information Research 2016, 24, 93 -101.
AMA StyleKwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. Real-time processing of spatial attribute information for mobile web based on standard web framework and HTML5. Spatial Information Research. 2016; 24 (2):93-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2016. "Real-time processing of spatial attribute information for mobile web based on standard web framework and HTML5." Spatial Information Research 24, no. 2: 93-101.
WPS-based Satellite Image Processing onWeb Framework and Cloud Computing Environment Cloud;Web Framework;Web Processing Service;Open Source;Satellite Image; Till now, applications of many kinds of satellite images have been accentuated in the datacentric scientific studies, researches regarding system development and concerned technologies for them are on the un-matured stage. Especially, satellite image processing requires large volume data handling and specific analysis functionalities, so that practical necessity of base study for system development is emphasized on. In the view of information system, various edged trends such as web standards, cloud computing, or web framework are utilized owing to their application benefits proven and business needs. Considered these aspects, a testing implementation was carried out using OpenStack cloud computing environment and e-government framework. As for the processing functions, WPS in GeoServer, as one of OGC web standards, was applied to perform interoperable data processing scheme between two or more remote servers. Working with the server implemented, client-side was also developed using several open sources such as HTML 5, jQuery, and OpenLayers. If it is that completed further experiments onsite applications with actual multi-data sets and extension of on-demand functionalities with the result of this study, it will be referred as an example case model for complicated and complex system design and implementation which needs cloud computing, geo-spatial web standards and web framework.
Gooseon Yoon; Kiwon Lee. WPS-based Satellite Image Processing onWeb Framework and Cloud Computing Environment. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 2015, 31, 561 -570.
AMA StyleGooseon Yoon, Kiwon Lee. WPS-based Satellite Image Processing onWeb Framework and Cloud Computing Environment. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. 2015; 31 (6):561-570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGooseon Yoon; Kiwon Lee. 2015. "WPS-based Satellite Image Processing onWeb Framework and Cloud Computing Environment." Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 31, no. 6: 561-570.
Kiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim; Sanggoo Kang. Mobile service for open data visualization on geo-based images. International Conference on Intelligent Earth Observing and Applications 2015, 98080L -98080L-6.
AMA StyleKiwon Lee, Kwangseob Kim, Sanggoo Kang. Mobile service for open data visualization on geo-based images. International Conference on Intelligent Earth Observing and Applications. 2015; ():98080L-98080L-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwon Lee; Kwangseob Kim; Sanggoo Kang. 2015. "Mobile service for open data visualization on geo-based images." International Conference on Intelligent Earth Observing and Applications , no. : 98080L-98080L-6.
Han-Saem Park; Kiwon Lee. Applicability of Responsive Web of Geo-Spatial Web Services. Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies 2015, 18, 52 -62.
AMA StyleHan-Saem Park, Kiwon Lee. Applicability of Responsive Web of Geo-Spatial Web Services. Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies. 2015; 18 (3):52-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Saem Park; Kiwon Lee. 2015. "Applicability of Responsive Web of Geo-Spatial Web Services." Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies 18, no. 3: 52-62.
Gooseon Yoon; Kiwon Lee. Testing Application of Web Processing Service (WPS) Standard to Satellite Image Processing. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 2015, 31, 245 -253.
AMA StyleGooseon Yoon, Kiwon Lee. Testing Application of Web Processing Service (WPS) Standard to Satellite Image Processing. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. 2015; 31 (3):245-253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGooseon Yoon; Kiwon Lee. 2015. "Testing Application of Web Processing Service (WPS) Standard to Satellite Image Processing." Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 31, no. 3: 245-253.
Kwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. Visualization of Geo-spatial Data and Public Data Using Mobile Operating Environment in the eGovernment Standard Framework. Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society 2015, 23, 9 -17.
AMA StyleKwangseob Kim, Kiwon Lee. Visualization of Geo-spatial Data and Public Data Using Mobile Operating Environment in the eGovernment Standard Framework. Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society. 2015; 23 (1):9-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwangseob Kim; Kiwon Lee. 2015. "Visualization of Geo-spatial Data and Public Data Using Mobile Operating Environment in the eGovernment Standard Framework." Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society 23, no. 1: 9-17.
Kiwon Lee; Sanggoo Kang. Evaluation of Geo-based Image Fusion on Mobile Cloud Environment using Histogram Similarity Analysis. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 2015, 31, 1 -9.
AMA StyleKiwon Lee, Sanggoo Kang. Evaluation of Geo-based Image Fusion on Mobile Cloud Environment using Histogram Similarity Analysis. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. 2015; 31 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwon Lee; Sanggoo Kang. 2015. "Evaluation of Geo-based Image Fusion on Mobile Cloud Environment using Histogram Similarity Analysis." Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 31, no. 1: 1-9.
Sanggoo Kang; Kiwon Lee. An Open Source Mobile Cloud Service: Geo-spatial Image Filtering Tools Using R. Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society 2014, 22, 1 -8.
AMA StyleSanggoo Kang, Kiwon Lee. An Open Source Mobile Cloud Service: Geo-spatial Image Filtering Tools Using R. Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society. 2014; 22 (5):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanggoo Kang; Kiwon Lee. 2014. "An Open Source Mobile Cloud Service: Geo-spatial Image Filtering Tools Using R." Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society 22, no. 5: 1-8.
Sanggoo Kang; Kiwon Lee. A Performance Test of Mobile Cloud Service for Bayesian Image Fusion. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 2014, 30, 445 -454.
AMA StyleSanggoo Kang, Kiwon Lee. A Performance Test of Mobile Cloud Service for Bayesian Image Fusion. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. 2014; 30 (4):445-454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanggoo Kang; Kiwon Lee. 2014. "A Performance Test of Mobile Cloud Service for Bayesian Image Fusion." Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 30, no. 4: 445-454.