Water distribution system (WDS) model calibration research has focused on estimating model input/output parameters and analyzing several uncertainties (e.g., model uncertainty) to improve models with best-fit parameters. Numerous studies have shown that optimization algorithms generally quickly converge to very good parameter solutions. However, the generality and reasoning behind this have not been identified. This paper examines the shape and convexity of WDS response surfaces (i.e., objective function surfaces) and whether the surfaces have single global or multiple local optima. To that end, three networks with different network topologies are evaluated: (1) the Modena network as presented, (2) a modified form of the Modena network, and (3) a real Austrian network. Various conditions were evaluated to consider field measurement error, parameter uncertainty through pipe grouping, and model uncertainty. Results demonstrate that the response surfaces remained smooth and convex even when uncertainties are introduced, but the best parameter solutions are shifted from the true solution. The impact and sensitivities of the uncertainties are evaluated by examining the change in best-fit parameter estimates.

In this paper, we present a novel approach in water loss research combining two different topics: The optimal placement of pressure sensors to localize leaks in water distribution systems and Serious Gaming—games that are not only entertaining but that are also serving another purpose. The goal was to create a web interface, through which gamers could place sensors in a water distribution system model, in order to improve these sensor positions after they had been evaluated by a suitable algorithm. Two game objectives are to be pursued by the players: reaching a specified net coverage while not using more than a maximum number of sensors. For this purpose, an existing optimal sensor placement algorithm was extended and implemented, together with two hydraulic models taken from literature. The resulting Serious Game was then tested and rated in a case study. The results showed that human players are able to reach solutions that are similar regarding net coverage to those obtained by optimization, within in a short amount of time. Furthermore, it was shown that the implementation of the ideal sensor placement problem as a Serious Game motivates the players to get better and better results, while also providing them with an enjoyable gaming experience.

In this demonstration paper, we present our interactive virtual reality (VR) experience, which has been designed to facilitate interaction with energy-related information. This experience consists of two main modes: the world in miniature for large-scale and first-person for real-world scale visualizations. Additionally, we presented our approach to potential target groups in interviews. The results of these interviews can help developers for future implementation considering the requirements of each group.

The exchange of digital goods has become a significant aspect of the global economy, with digital products offering inexpensive reproduction and distribution. In-game objects, a type of digital currency, have emerged as tradable commodities within gaming ecosystems. Despite extensive research on various aspects of digital goods, little attention has been given to the impact of in-game trading mechanisms on user experience. This paper presents a study aimed at evaluating the influence of trading systems on user experience in a racing game context. We developed a simple racing game featuring an in-game market for buying and selling car variants and conducted an A/B study comparing user experiences between groups utilizing the trading system and those unlocking cars through race completion. Our findings suggest that while the trading system did not significantly alter the overall user experience, further exploration of diverse trading approaches may offer insights into their impact on user engagement.

Climate and demographic changes force water utilities to adapt to shifts in both water demand and water availability. The web-based EWA tool supports Austrian water utilities in addressing these problems. Based on water demand and availability forecasts from 2025 to 2055, it encourages robust planning by calculating different performance indicators based on hydraulic models. It provides a platform for assessing water distribution systems, integrating forecast and operational scenarios, and performance indicators. Users can assess long-term impacts, adjust planning approaches, and visualize results through specific graphs. Tutorials help users navigate the tool, while gamified challenges aim at testing problem-solving skills and motivating users to improve their performance and raise awareness. The EWA tool facilitates resilient and forward-looking planning, which is critical to adapting to climate change and demographic shifts while ensuring sustainable water resource management.