Diabetic wounds present a significant challenge in clinical treatment and are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, peripheral neuropathy, and a heightened risk of infection during the healing process. By creating small channels in the surface of the skin, microneedle technology offers a minimally invasive and efficient approach for drug delivery and treatment. This article begins by outlining the biological foundation of normal skin wound healing and the unique pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic wounds. It then delves into the various types, materials, and preparation processes of microneedles. The focus is on the application of multifunctional microneedles in diabetic wound treatment, highlighting their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, angiogenic and neural repair properties. These multifunctional microneedles demonstrate synergistic therapeutic effects by directly influencing the wound microenvironment, ultimately accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds. The advancement of microneedle technology not only holds promise for enhancing the treatment outcomes of diabetic wounds but also offers new strategies for addressing other chronic wounds.

Chronic diabetic wounds affect the quality of life of patients, resulting in significant social and economic burdens on both individuals and the health care system. Although treatment methods for chronic diabetic wounds have been explored, there remains a lack of effective treatment strategies; therefore, alternative strategies must be explored. Recently, the abnormal expression of non-coding RNA in diabetic wounds has received widespread attention since it is an important factor in the development of diabetic wounds. This article reviews the regulatory role of three common non-coding RNAs (microRNA [miRNA], long non-coding RNA [lncRNA], and circular RNA [circRNA]) in diabetic wounds and discusses the diagnosis, treatment potential, and challenges of non-coding RNA in diabetic wounds. This article provides insights into new strategies for diabetic wound diagnosis and treatment at the genetic and molecular levels.

Visceral fat accumulation and obesity-induced chronic inflammation have been proposed as early markers for multiple disease states, especially in women. Nevertheless, the potential impact of fat distribution on α1-acid glycoprotein(AGP), a marker of inflammation, remains unclear. This research was conducted to investigate the relationships among obesity, fat distribution, and AGP levels. A cross-sectional observational study was performed using blood samples from adult females recruited through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2018. Serum levels of AGP were measured using the Tina-quant α-1-Acid Glycoprotein Gen.2 assay. Based on the fat distribution data obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessments, body mass index (BMI), total percent fat (TPF), android percent fat (APF), gynoid percent fat (GPF), android fat/gynoid fat ratio (AGR), visceral percent fat (VPF), subcutaneous percent fat (SPF), visceral fat/subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) were used as dependent variables. To investigate the link between fat distribution and AGP, multivariate linear regression analysis was utilized. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was also performed. The present study included 2,295 participants. After adjusting for covariates, BMI, TPF, APF, GPF, VPF, and SPF were found to be positively correlated with AGP levels (BMI: β = 23.65 95%CI:20.90–26.40; TPF: β = 25.91 95%CI:23.02–28.80; APF: β = 25.21 95%CI:22.49–27.93; GPF: β = 19.65 95%CI:16.96–22.34; VPF: β = 12.49 95%CI:9.08–15.90; SPF: β = 5.69, 95%CI:2.89–8.49; AGR: β = 21.14 95%CI:18.16–24.12; VSR: β = 9.35 95%CI:6.11–12.59, all P < 0.0001). All the above indicators exhibited a positive dose–response relationship with AGP. In terms of fat distribution, both AGR and VSR showed positive associations with AGP (P for trend < 0.0001). In particular, when compared to individuals in tertile 1 of AGR, participants in tertiles 2 and 3 had 13.42 mg/dL (95% CI 10.66–16.18) and 21.14 mg/dL (95% CI 18.16–24.12) higher AGP levels, respectively. Participants in the highest tertile of VSR were more likely to exhibit a 9.35 mg/dL increase in AGP compared to those in the lowest tertile (95% CI 6.11–12.59). Overall, this study revealed a positive dose-dependent relationship between fat proportion/distribution and AGP levels in women. These findings suggest that physicians can associate abnormal serum AGP and obesity with allow timely interventions.

To investigate the association between exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) in U.S., including those with diabetic complications. This prospective cohort study included participants with DM in the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Data on mortality was obtained from national death records up to December 31, 2019. Cox regression, WQS regression and LASSO regression were constructed to examine the associations between EDCs and all-cause mortality in individuals with DM or its complications, adjusted for potential confounders. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to investigate the linear relationship. Subgroup analyses were also tested in prespecified subgroups of interest. The study included 3,453 participants. Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP) showed positive associations with all-cause mortality (MEHHP: 1.14 (CI1.00-1.29); MEOHP: 1.14 (CI 1.00-1.30); MECPP: 1.17 (CI 1.00-1.37)). These also exhibited positive associations with all-cause mortality in the participants with diabetic kidney disease (MEHHP: 1.24 (CI 1.08-1.42); MEOHP: 1.27 (CI 1.10-1.47); MECPP: 1.43 (CI 1.19-1.71)). Bisphenol A 1.45 (1.08, 1.96) and MCPP 1.59 (CI 1.24-2.05) showed positive associations with all-cause mortality in the diabetic retinopathy (DR) participants. MEHHP exposure interacted with hypertension in DM and hypercholesterolemia, as well as with age in DR populations. MCPP exposure interacted with age in DR, significantly amplifying mortality risks (P interaction < 0.05). This study provided epidemiological evidence that higher concentrations of certain EDCs are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in participants with DM or its complications.