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Dr. Edyta Plebankiewicz
Cracow University of Technology

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0 Building Maintenance
0 Construction
0 Construction Management
0 Cost Analysis
0 Fuzzy Logic

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Fuzzy Logic

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Journal article
Published: 10 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The paper proposes a cost overrun risks prediction model, the structure of which is based on the fuzzy inference model of Mamdani. The model consists of numerous inputs and one output (MISO, multi-input-single-output), based on processes running consecutively in three blocks (the fuzzy block, the interference block, and the block of sharpening the representative output value). The input variables of the model include the share of element costs in the building costs (SE), predicted changes in the number of works (WC), and expected changes in the unit price (PC). The developed rule base makes it possible to determine the risk of cost overruns in the following categories: “very low”, “quite low”, “average”, “quite high”, and “very high”. Twenty-seven rules were assumed in the interference block. The operation of the model was illustrated by the example of selected elements of a road object and was validated by checking the correctness of the assumptions made at the design stage of the inference block rule base. It has been proven that with the increase of the share of element costs in the building costs (SE), predicted changes in the number of works (WC), and expected changes in the unit price (PC), the value of the risk exceeding the costs of a given element of the construction project (R) increases naturally and smoothly. It was emphasized in the conclusions that the cost overrun risks prediction model is intended for general contractors who subcontract many stages of works to their subcontractors in accordance with the agreed division into work elements.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Damian Wieczorek. Prediction of Cost Overrun Risk in Construction Projects. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9341 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Damian Wieczorek. Prediction of Cost Overrun Risk in Construction Projects. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Damian Wieczorek. 2020. "Prediction of Cost Overrun Risk in Construction Projects." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9341.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2020 in Symmetry
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To assess the risk of project cost overrun, it is necessary to consider large amounts of symmetric and asymmetric data. This paper proposes a cost overrun risk prediction model, the structure of which is based on the fuzzy inference model of Mamdani. The model consists of numerous inputs and one output (multi-input-single-output (MISO)), based on processes running consecutively in three blocks (the fuzzy block, the interference block, and the block of sharpening the representative output value). The input variables of the model include the share of element costs in the building costs (SE), predicted changes in the number of works (WC), and expected changes in the unit price (PC). For the input variable SE, it is proposed to adjust the fuzzy set shapes to the type of building object. Single-family residential buildings, multi-family residential buildings, office buildings, highways, expressways, and sports fields were analyzed. The initial variable is the value of the risk of exceeding the costs of a given element of a construction investment project (R). In all, 27 rules were assumed in the interference block. Considering the possibility of applying sharpening methods in the cost overrun risk prediction model, the following defuzzification methods were investigated: the first of maxima, middle of maxima, and last of maxima method, the center of gravity method, and the bisector area method. Considering the advantages and disadvantages, the authors assumed that the correct and basic defuzzification method in the cost overrun risk prediction model was the center of gravity method. In order to check the correctness of the assumption made at the stage of designing the rule database, result diagrams were generated for the relationships between the variable (R) and the input variables of individual types of buildings. The results obtained confirm the correctness of the assumed assumptions and allow to consider the input variable (SE), adjusted individually to the model for each type of construction object, as crucial in the context of the impact on the output value of the output variable (R).

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Damian Wieczorek. Adaptation of a Cost Overrun Risk Prediction Model to the Type of Construction Facility. Symmetry 2020, 12, 1739 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Damian Wieczorek. Adaptation of a Cost Overrun Risk Prediction Model to the Type of Construction Facility. Symmetry. 2020; 12 (10):1739.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Damian Wieczorek. 2020. "Adaptation of a Cost Overrun Risk Prediction Model to the Type of Construction Facility." Symmetry 12, no. 10: 1739.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The aim of the article is to present the results of preliminary research of the defects in residential buildings occurring during the warranty period. Due to the small amount of data, the research results cannot be generalized but allow for the formulation of research hypotheses that will be verified in future studies. The data collected included reports of defects in three multifamily residential buildings constructed by the developer in one of the big cities in Poland, which were then examined. For the examination of defects, statistical analysis was used, which revealed that more than half of the reports contained reasonable defects. The results of the preliminary research also indicate that, on the one hand, owners are very active in making warranty claims in the first three months from the date of commissioning, and, on the other hand, with time, the percentage of reasonable defects increases. In terms of the significance of defects, the largest percentage was significant defects. The results showed little activity on the part of property managers in the initial phase of the operation of the buildings, which is the opposite of that of apartment owners. Reports of faults in windows and door joinery, moisture, scratches on walls, and in the area of balconies and terraces are characterized by a relatively low number of cases reported in the first half of the year after the building is commissioned and a gradual increase in the subsequent warranty period. On the other hand, reports related to electrical installation defects are most frequent in the initial period of the warranty, but, with time, their number decreases.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Jarosław Malara. Analysis of Defects in Residential Buildings Reported during the Warranty Period. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6123 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Jarosław Malara. Analysis of Defects in Residential Buildings Reported during the Warranty Period. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):6123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Jarosław Malara. 2020. "Analysis of Defects in Residential Buildings Reported during the Warranty Period." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 6123.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in Buildings
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The present paper presents a SWOT analysis, the aim of which is to evaluate the strategic implementation of BIM technology in the construction industry in Poland. The authors created a SWOT matrix presenting strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks associated with the use of BIM. Using literature analyses, own experience, and market reports, all elements of the SWOT matrix are described in detail. Basic indicators characterizing the strategic position of BIM on the Polish construction market are calculated. Finally, the matrix of strategic tasks and actions that should be applied in order to promote and develop BIM in Poland are defined.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Zima; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Damian Wieczorek. A SWOT Analysis of the Use of BIM Technology in the Polish Construction Industry. Buildings 2020, 10, 16 .

AMA Style

Krzysztof Zima, Edyta Plebankiewicz, Damian Wieczorek. A SWOT Analysis of the Use of BIM Technology in the Polish Construction Industry. Buildings. 2020; 10 (1):16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Zima; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Damian Wieczorek. 2020. "A SWOT Analysis of the Use of BIM Technology in the Polish Construction Industry." Buildings 10, no. 1: 16.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2019 in Sustainability
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The paper discusses issues related to life cycle costs in construction. Life cycle cost is a key element in the assessment of environmental sustainability in construction and it provides a tool for the economic evaluation of alternative sustainability options exhibiting different capital, operating costs or resource usage. The authors reviewed selected models of estimating life cycle costs in construction, drew attention to the complex mathematical models developed so far, namely those which take into account only financial risks and those which involve the possibility of the influence of other risk factors and described the main assumptions accompanying the original model for estimating the whole life costs of buildings, including: reasons for choosing theory of possibility, division and parametrization of input data. The aim of this paper is to confirm the validity of the model structure assumptions adopted by the authors by comparing the originally selected fuzzy approach to calculating life cycle costs taking into account the risk with the probabilistic approach, as well as indicating the domain in which the probabilistic approach will complement the fuzzy approach chosen by the authors. The paper presents a comparison analysis of two approaches used in the authors’ model, a fuzzy and a probabilistic approach, recommended by the ISO standard 15686-5:2008. The authors used the Oracle Crystall Ball software in their simulations.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Wiesław Meszek; Krzysztof Zima; Damian Wieczorek. Probabilistic and Fuzzy Approaches for Estimating the Life Cycle Costs of Buildings under Conditions of Exposure to Risk. Sustainability 2019, 12, 226 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Wiesław Meszek, Krzysztof Zima, Damian Wieczorek. Probabilistic and Fuzzy Approaches for Estimating the Life Cycle Costs of Buildings under Conditions of Exposure to Risk. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Wiesław Meszek; Krzysztof Zima; Damian Wieczorek. 2019. "Probabilistic and Fuzzy Approaches for Estimating the Life Cycle Costs of Buildings under Conditions of Exposure to Risk." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 226.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2019 in Buildings
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The aim of this study is to build a mathematical model of the productivity of construction workers. It does so by selecting 17 factors that influence the productivity of construction workers and categorising them into five groups. For the mathematical description of the factors, fuzzy logic was used. A formula for calculating the work productivity of construction workers is proposed. The novelty of the approach proposed by the authors is rooted in the consideration of various factors that have the potential to influence the productivity of construction workers. To present the way the formula operates, a single assessment of ceiling formwork was undertaken. The verification of a model confirmed its capability of analyzing, evaluating, and predicting the productivity of construction workers with satisfying accuracy.

ACS Style

Jarosław Malara; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Michał Juszczyk. Formula for Determining the Construction Workers Productivity Including Environmental Factors. Buildings 2019, 9, 240 .

AMA Style

Jarosław Malara, Edyta Plebankiewicz, Michał Juszczyk. Formula for Determining the Construction Workers Productivity Including Environmental Factors. Buildings. 2019; 9 (12):240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Malara; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Michał Juszczyk. 2019. "Formula for Determining the Construction Workers Productivity Including Environmental Factors." Buildings 9, no. 12: 240.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Green buildings may become the solution to the problem of high energy consumption, including those that are subject to verification by the relevant institutions issuing green certificates. The aim of the paper is an analysis and a brief discussion of trends related to the certification of office buildings in Poland. At the end of 2017, almost 9.7 million m2 of modern office space was available in Poland, of which 62% was a certified area. This constitutes a five percent increase in the share of certified office space in relation to the total modern office space available during 2017. In order to compare the costs and benefits of certified buildings, the costs of an office building and a certified building were simulated. The comparison was made using the idea of costs in the life cycle and calculating the Life Cycle Cost. The difference between the base building and the green one was mainly based on obtaining higher Net Present Value with lower investment expenditures for the green building. There was also a clear difference between the beginning of investment profitability for the different levels of rent.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Michał Juszczyk; Renata Kozik. Trends, Costs, and Benefits of Green Certification of Office Buildings: A Polish Perspective. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2359 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Michał Juszczyk, Renata Kozik. Trends, Costs, and Benefits of Green Certification of Office Buildings: A Polish Perspective. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Michał Juszczyk; Renata Kozik. 2019. "Trends, Costs, and Benefits of Green Certification of Office Buildings: A Polish Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2359.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2019 in Technological and Economic Development of Economy
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The paper deals with estimating the life cycle cost and the whole life cost of a building. An original model for estimating the life cycle cost and the whole life cost of a building which allows the quantification of the increase in costs resulting from the incurred and assessed risk is presented. The proposed model consists of two basic parts: module I evaluating the impact of identified risk factors on individual element of the life cycle cost, and module II allowing to assess life cycle cost including the risk factors selected in module I. In module I the model of fuzzy inference of Mamdani was used. The structure of module II is based on the theory of possibilities and fuzzy sets. The operation of the model is presented on the example of an office building.

ACS Style

Damian Wieczorek; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. MODEL ESTIMATION OF THE WHOLE LIFE COST OF A BUILDING WITH RESPECT TO RISK FACTORS. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2019, 25, 20 -38.

AMA Style

Damian Wieczorek, Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima. MODEL ESTIMATION OF THE WHOLE LIFE COST OF A BUILDING WITH RESPECT TO RISK FACTORS. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 2019; 25 (1):20-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damian Wieczorek; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. 2019. "MODEL ESTIMATION OF THE WHOLE LIFE COST OF A BUILDING WITH RESPECT TO RISK FACTORS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 25, no. 1: 20-38.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2018 in Sustainability
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During the construction phase, significant differences between the planned and actual costs of construction projects frequently occur. The paper describes the concept of a model of prediction of the increase in the costs of construction works in relation to those planned. The assumption of the model is to determine the probability of the cost increase for the elements of the object for which it is the largest. A fuzzy Mamdani inference method was proposed for the selection of the elements to be evaluated. In the cost prediction model, fuzzy relations and the compound max-min relations were used. The result of the model are the probabilities of cost overrun for works most exposed to changes in costs. The model can be helpful mainly for the contractor who wants to know not only the probability of the total cost overrun but also the possibility and amount of increase in the costs of individual packages of works or detailed construction works necessary to complete a construction project. Such an approach may help to properly plan expenses related to the implementation and schedule of works along with the cash flow for the project.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz. Model of Predicting Cost Overrun in Construction Projects. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4387 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz. Model of Predicting Cost Overrun in Construction Projects. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4387.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz. 2018. "Model of Predicting Cost Overrun in Construction Projects." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4387.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2018 in Symmetry
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This paper proposes the author’s model based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to improve the efficiency of contractor bidding decisions. The essence of the AHP method is to make pairwise comparisons of available options against all evaluation criteria. The results of these comparisons are recorded in a square matrix in which symmetrical elements are reciprocal. In the expert opinion, a 9-step, bipolar verbal scale was used so that the symmetry of the response was maintained. For contractors from countries where the tendering system is commonly used, the choice of the right tender in which to participate influences their image, financial condition, and their aspiration to succeed. The bid/no bid decision depends on numerous factors associated with the company itself, the environment, and the project concerning the tender. When facing tough competition, contractors search for a solution which increases their chances of winning the tender. The proposed model was based on factors selected by Polish contractors. The original element of the model involves 4 original criteria and 15 sub-criteria for the assessment of investment decision projects to the selection of the most advantageous contract, i.e., the contractor’s participation in the bid. For verbal evaluations describing the criteria, symmetric triangular fuzzy numbers were assigned. The authors performed an extended analysis method combined with FAHP in the model. Fuzzy evaluations underwent elaborate analysis, the aim of which was to specify the synthetic priority weights for each criterion. As a result of the application of the method, to prove that the model works, an example from the Polish construction market was presented in which a bid/no bid decision about four possible tenders was to be taken. Despite the considered example applying to Polish conditions, the proposed model can be used also in other countries. The authors’ rationale is to produce new and more flexible methodologies in order to realistically model a variety of concrete decision problems.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Leśniak; Daniel Kubek; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima; Stanisław Belniak. Fuzzy AHP Application for Supporting Contractors’ Bidding Decision. Symmetry 2018, 10, 642 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Leśniak, Daniel Kubek, Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima, Stanisław Belniak. Fuzzy AHP Application for Supporting Contractors’ Bidding Decision. Symmetry. 2018; 10 (11):642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Leśniak; Daniel Kubek; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima; Stanisław Belniak. 2018. "Fuzzy AHP Application for Supporting Contractors’ Bidding Decision." Symmetry 10, no. 11: 642.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2018 in Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska
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W artykule przedstawiono założenia matematycznego modelu weryfikacji liczby roboczogodzin w wykonawstwie budowlanym oraz sposób jego działania. Model jest opracowywany w oparciu o teorię zbiorów rozmytych, a wykorzystywaną metodą modelowania rozmytego jest wnioskowanie rozmyte w architekturze Mamdani-Zadeha. Przedstawiono wstępnie przyjęte funkcje przynależności wejść i wyjść modelu, a także sposób utworzenia bazy reguł. W dalszym etapie pracy należy potwierdzić przyjęte założenia i zweryfikować działanie modelu.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Patrycja Karcińska; Agnieszka Leśniak. Assumptions of a planned number of man-hours verification model for construction works. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 2018, 27, 300 -309.

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Patrycja Karcińska, Agnieszka Leśniak. Assumptions of a planned number of man-hours verification model for construction works. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska. 2018; 27 (3):300-309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Patrycja Karcińska; Agnieszka Leśniak. 2018. "Assumptions of a planned number of man-hours verification model for construction works." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 3: 300-309.

Conference paper
Published: 03 September 2018 in MATEC Web of Conferences
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The paper deals with the issue of the life cycle cost in the construction. It also focuses on the part of the model for the calculation of the life cycle cost of buildings with consideration of the risk that allows the calculation of the life cycle cost of buildings with different lifetimes. For the construction of this part of the model, the authors used the life cycle equivalent annual cost indicator (LCEAC). The operation of this part of the model was presented on the example of three scenarios of the life cycle of pneumatic sports halls for which the estimated service life of the building (ESLB) was ranged from 19 to 30 years.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima; Damian Wieczorek. Life Cycle Equivalent Annual Cost (LCEAC) as a Comparative Indicator in the Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Buildings with Different Lifetimes. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 196, 04079 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima, Damian Wieczorek. Life Cycle Equivalent Annual Cost (LCEAC) as a Comparative Indicator in the Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Buildings with Different Lifetimes. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 196 ():04079.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima; Damian Wieczorek. 2018. "Life Cycle Equivalent Annual Cost (LCEAC) as a Comparative Indicator in the Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Buildings with Different Lifetimes." MATEC Web of Conferences 196, no. : 04079.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Technical Transactions
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Kwantyfikacja dodatku za ryzyko w kosztach cyklu życia obiektu budowlanego

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. Quantification of the risk addition in life cycle cost of a building object. Technical Transactions 2017, 5, 35 -45.

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima. Quantification of the risk addition in life cycle cost of a building object. Technical Transactions. 2017; 5 ():35-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. 2017. "Quantification of the risk addition in life cycle cost of a building object." Technical Transactions 5, no. : 35-45.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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When selecting a building material supplier, contractors may take into consideration a large number of criteria that are often subjective and hard to measure. Including them all in the evaluation may be beneficial, yet in practice it may generate many complications. A solution is provided by one of the multicriteria analysis methods. The article describes the criteria employed in the evaluation of building material suppliers. One multicriteria analysis method, namely the analytic hierarchical process (AHP), is argued to be a useful alternative. An example of its application involving its basic and the more sophisticated variant, the fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) with extent analysis method, is presented. As the results reveal, real decisive problems require methods resembling human reasoning, which is often characterized by uncertainty and subjectivity of evaluation. The real problem presented in the paper proves that the FAHP method may have a practical application.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Daniel Kubek. Multicriteria Selection of the Building Material Supplier Using AHP and Fuzzy AHP. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2016, 142, 04015057 .

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Daniel Kubek. Multicriteria Selection of the Building Material Supplier Using AHP and Fuzzy AHP. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2016; 142 (1):04015057.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Daniel Kubek. 2016. "Multicriteria Selection of the Building Material Supplier Using AHP and Fuzzy AHP." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142, no. 1: 04015057.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in Journal of Management in Engineering
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ACS Style

Agnieszka Leśniak; Edyta Plebankiewicz. Modeling the Decision-Making Process Concerning Participation in Construction Bidding. Journal of Management in Engineering 2015, 31, 04014032 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Leśniak, Edyta Plebankiewicz. Modeling the Decision-Making Process Concerning Participation in Construction Bidding. Journal of Management in Engineering. 2015; 31 (2):04014032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Leśniak; Edyta Plebankiewicz. 2015. "Modeling the Decision-Making Process Concerning Participation in Construction Bidding." Journal of Management in Engineering 31, no. 2: 04014032.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Procedia Engineering
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The ability to automate the process of preparing the bill of quantities is one of the key advantages for the estimator. Such a possibility is provided by the BIM model. The paper discusses key approaches to BIM-based cost estimating, such as exporting quantities, using a specialized BIM measurement tool and a cost estimation system. The opportunities and solutions offered by the Polish application seem to be a significant contribution to software development. This paper attempts to provide a new cost estimation system operating on the BIM model and aims to analyze the attributes required from BIM applications. Hopefully the BIM Vision system and the BIMestiMate presented in the paper will be regarded as appropriate and ready to be applied in BIM-based cost estimation.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima; Mirosław Skibniewski. Analysis of the First Polish BIM-Based Cost Estimation Application. Procedia Engineering 2015, 123, 405 -414.

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima, Mirosław Skibniewski. Analysis of the First Polish BIM-Based Cost Estimation Application. Procedia Engineering. 2015; 123 ():405-414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima; Mirosław Skibniewski. 2015. "Analysis of the First Polish BIM-Based Cost Estimation Application." Procedia Engineering 123, no. : 405-414.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Procedia Engineering
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The system of construction design completion most frequently used in Poland is the traditional one. In this system, the client describes the subject of the order by means of design documentation and technical specifications of construction and commissioning of building works. The article analyses the most frequent errors that appear in design documentation, discusses the reasons for their occurrence and specifies their possible consequences

ACS Style

Michał Juszczyk; Renata Kozik; Agnieszka Leśniak; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. Errors in the Preparation of Design Documentation in Public Procurement in Poland. Procedia Engineering 2014, 85, 283 -292.

AMA Style

Michał Juszczyk, Renata Kozik, Agnieszka Leśniak, Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima. Errors in the Preparation of Design Documentation in Public Procurement in Poland. Procedia Engineering. 2014; 85 ():283-292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Juszczyk; Renata Kozik; Agnieszka Leśniak; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. 2014. "Errors in the Preparation of Design Documentation in Public Procurement in Poland." Procedia Engineering 85, no. : 283-292.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2013 in Technological and Economic Development of Economy
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The main criterion taken into consideration when choosing a contractor is the bid price that the contractor suggests. The basis for determining such a price are the direct costs connected with works realization as well as mark-ups, mainly overhead costs and profit. Overhead costs and profit constitute a considerable part of the bid price and their improper calculation can significantly influence the financial situation of the company. In literature and in practice one can find many definitions and ways of determining overhead costs and profit. The article presents research results concerning defining and calculating overhead costs and profit by Polish contractors, carried out twice – in 2004 and 2010. They were compared with similar studies performed in other countries. The article also presents mathematical methods created by the authors, by means of which overhead costs and profit can be calculated more precisely than by the popular methods commonly employed by Polish contractors.

ACS Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Agnieszka Leśniak. OVERHEAD COSTS AND PROFIT CALCULATION BY POLISH CONTRACTORS. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2013, 19, 141 -161.

AMA Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz, Agnieszka Leśniak. OVERHEAD COSTS AND PROFIT CALCULATION BY POLISH CONTRACTORS. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 2013; 19 (1):141-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edyta Plebankiewicz; Agnieszka Leśniak. 2013. "OVERHEAD COSTS AND PROFIT CALCULATION BY POLISH CONTRACTORS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, no. 1: 141-161.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2012 in Engineering Management Research
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Cost analyses for building structures are developed at all stages of the investment process. The paper describes the basic forms of cost calculation of building structures and building works applied in Poland. The most frequently used sources of price information for this purpose are presented herein. The examples provided, show differences in the cost of building works calculated based on data provided by different price publishing. The paper strives to identify the causes of price differences arising at each stage of cost calculation, and provides the solutions of cost reduction.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Leśniak; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. Cost Calculation of Building Structures and Building Works in Polish Conditions. Engineering Management Research 2012, 1, p72 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Leśniak, Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima. Cost Calculation of Building Structures and Building Works in Polish Conditions. Engineering Management Research. 2012; 1 (2):p72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Leśniak; Edyta Plebankiewicz; Krzysztof Zima. 2012. "Cost Calculation of Building Structures and Building Works in Polish Conditions." Engineering Management Research 1, no. 2: p72.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2012 in Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal
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The choice of a particular architectural solution when designing a building considerably influences the costs of its construction. The article presents the methods of evaluating the degree of complexity of the building shape. On the basis of factors specifying building shape complexity an analysis of multi-family buildings in Krakow was conducted. The analysis concerned 40 buildings constructed by developers who received their building permit in the years 2004-2005, and – for comparison – 30 buildings whose building permit was issued in the second half of the year 2010. The study also included the way the grounds were used for the analysed constructions. The result of the research revealed a slow growth in the use of plots for building investments in Krakow

ACS Style

Krzysztof Zima; Edyta Plebankiewicz. Analysis of the building shape erected in Krakow and its impact on construction costs. Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 2012, 4, 411 -419.

AMA Style

Krzysztof Zima, Edyta Plebankiewicz. Analysis of the building shape erected in Krakow and its impact on construction costs. Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal. 2012; 4 (1):411-419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Zima; Edyta Plebankiewicz. 2012. "Analysis of the building shape erected in Krakow and its impact on construction costs." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 4, no. 1: 411-419.