This research explores the 3-D flow characteristics, entropy generation and heat transmission behavior of nanofluids consisting of copper and titanium in water as they flow across a bidirectional apparent, while considering the influence of magneto-hydrodynamics. The thermophysical properties of nanofluids are taken advantage of utilizing the Tiwari and Das demonstrate. The concept of the boundary layer has facilitated the comprehension of the physical ideas derived from it. By applying requisite transformations, the connected intricate sets of partial differential equation have been converted into ordinary differential equation. The modified model is calculated employing the widely recognized technique known as OHAM by using Mathematica program BVPh2.0 Software. For different dimensionless parameters computational and graphical investigations have been performed. It is notice that as fluid parameters change, they exhibit distinct responses in comparison to the temperature, velocity profiles and entropy generation. The results show that velocity profile rise with greater estimates of the magnetic parameter and the rate of entropy formation. Furthermore, thermal profiles become less significant as Eckert and Prandtl numbers increase.

This article deals with carbon nanoliquid flow due to stretchable rotating disk with the effect of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Both SWCNTs and MWCNTs are considered with ethylene glycol as the base fluid. The effects of nanoparticle volume friction, normally applied magnetic field, stretching factor, velocity, and thermal slip factors are examined. The fundamental flow governing equations are transformed into dimensionless system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and they are solved numerically using spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). Employing graphs and tables, the results of velocity and temperature fields as well as skin friction coefficient and local heat transfer rate are analyzed and presented via embedded parameters. The results reveal that higher velocity fields and lower temperature fields are noticed in the MWCNT nanofluids than SWCNT nanofluids. The higher incidence of magnetic field improves the thermal boundary layer thickness. A growth in velocity slip factor reduces the momentum boundary layer thickness of the nanoliquid flow. Generally, radial stretching of the disk is helpful in improving the cooling process of the rotating disk in practical applications.

This study deals with natural convection unsteady flow of /water hybrid nanofluids due to stretching surface embedded in a porous medium. Both hybrid nanoparticles of and are used with water as base fluid. Effects of hybrid nanoparticles volume friction, second-order velocity slip condition, and temperature-dependent viscosity are investigated. The governing problem of flow is solved numerically employing spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM). The results are presented and discussed via embedded parameters using graphs and tables. The results disclose that the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids is higher than that of nanofluids with higher value of hybrid nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, the results show that momentum boundary layer reduces while the thermal boundary layer gros with higher values of temperature-dependent viscosity and second-order velocity slip parameters. The skin friction coefficient improves, and the local heat transfer rate decreases with higher values of nanoparticle volume fraction, temperature-dependent viscosity, and second-order velocity slip parameters. Furthermore, more skin friction coefficients and lower local heat transfer rate are reported in the hybrid nanofluid than in the nanofluid. Thus, the obtained results are promising for the application of hybrid nanofluids in the nanotechnology and biomedicine sectors.

Nanoparticles have numerous applications and are used frequently in different cooling, heating, treatment of cancer cells and manufacturing processes. The current investigation covers the utilization of tetra hybrid nanofluid (aluminum oxide, iron dioxide, titanium dioxide and copper) for Crossflow model over a vertical disk by considering the shape effects (bricks, cylindrical and platelet) of nanoparticles, electro-magneto-hydrodynamic effect and quadratic thermal radiation. In the current inspection model is first derived given PD-equations and then altered into a system of OD-equations by including similarity variables. The converted ordinary differential equations are solved by using the finite element procedure and the impact of the solution against numerous involved parameters is displayed through tables and graphs. It is observed that tetra-hybrid nanoparticles are recommended better in industrial applications where the highest production of thermal energy. Moreover, an enhancement of thermal production can be achieved utilizing different values of the magnetic parameter, time relaxation number, variable thermal radiation number and magnetic induction number but the opposite trend has been noticed with the effects of radiation number.

This work investigates advanced heat transfer mechanisms in boundary-layer flow of nanofluids over a stretchable sheet. The comprehensive model integrates radiation effects, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Nanofluids, composed of a base fluid with suspended nanoparticles, exhibit distinct thermophysical properties crucial for influencing heat and mass transfer dynamics. Through rigorous numerical analysis, key parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, stretching sheet velocity, Cattaneo-Christov parameter, radiation parameter, and magnetic field strength are examined. The findings reveal intricate interactions among these parameters, providing a thorough understanding of their combined impact on temperature and velocity characteristics inside the boundary layer. This research contributes significantly to fundamental knowledge in nanofluid dynamics and provides practical insights for optimizing heat transfer processes and fluid behavior over-stretching surfaces, especially in the context of advanced heat transfer mechanisms. The implications extend across diverse engineering disciplines and materials science, offering valuable guidance for designing and improving processes involving nanofluid flows over-stretching sheets. With respect to the magnetic field parameter, the fluid velocity exhibits a decreasing attitude.The temperature function enhances with higher $$\mathcal{R}$$R values but diminishes with increasing $$\mathcal{P}\mathcalligra{r}$$P r values.