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Hatem Mahmoud
Department of Architecture Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542, Egypt

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Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Due to the lack of a comprehensive multiscale campus planning guideline, new universities in Upper Egypt are associated with a lack of environmental considerations of the surrounding climatic conditions. Additional extensions planned for the Aswan University campus located in New Aswan city provide an opportunity to explore thermal improvements in a hot arid environment. This study presents analytical and empirical findings that highlight the potential for their implementation in outdoor spaces. Most of the previous literature address the urban geometry from a single scale perspective. However, in this study coupled scales were adopted to get more effective thermal adaptation guidelines; urban form planning (cluster scale), and geometrical details (canyon scale). The study investigates five urban forms and 18 urban geometry scenarios to quantify their thermal impacts on outdoor spaces. All scenarios were evaluated according to the differences in geometrical variables, with data introduced based on on-site measurements and microclimate simulations using ENVI-met software. The results are ranked according to its influence on pedestrian thermal comfort. The suggested strategy could reduce the average PET value with 6.8 °C in the NS canyons and 4.2 °C in the EW during the peak hour. Design guides are introduced for planners and decision-makers.

ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Heba Ghanem; Sahar Sodoudi. Urban geometry as an adaptation strategy to improve the outdoor thermal performance in hot arid regions: Aswan University as a case study. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 71, 102965 .

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Heba Ghanem, Sahar Sodoudi. Urban geometry as an adaptation strategy to improve the outdoor thermal performance in hot arid regions: Aswan University as a case study. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 71 ():102965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Heba Ghanem; Sahar Sodoudi. 2021. "Urban geometry as an adaptation strategy to improve the outdoor thermal performance in hot arid regions: Aswan University as a case study." Sustainable Cities and Society 71, no. : 102965.

Conference paper
Published: 23 March 2021 in Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions
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Effective architectural features such as courtyards can mitigate heat stress in hot arid regions. Appropriate configuration of the courtyard leads to significant improvement in the thermal performance of the building and directly influences the behavior of its users and the functionality of the space. The aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal performance of various courtyards by examining various sky view factors (SVF) and courtyard orientations so that suggestions could be offered for future guidelines for construction designs in Egyptian arid regions. The study was conducted on the new Aswan University campus built in the desert region of new Aswan city. Field measurements and simulations were used to evaluate the thermal conditions of these courtyards. Thermal comfort was measured by physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). The study determined that unshaded courtyards should be oriented in a north–south direction to mitigate the effects of solar radiation intensity. Whereas SVF can be lowered to less than 0.2 for courtyards in a north–south orientation, further SVF reduction for courtyards in other orientations might result in heat-trapping. Adding a greening area improves the thermal performance of courtyards.

ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Ayman Ragab. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Unshaded Courtyards in Egyptian Arid Regions. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2021, 109 -121.

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Ayman Ragab. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Unshaded Courtyards in Egyptian Arid Regions. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2021; ():109-121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Ayman Ragab. 2021. "Thermal Performance Evaluation of Unshaded Courtyards in Egyptian Arid Regions." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 109-121.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The density of building blocks and insufficient greenery in cities tend to contribute dramatically not only to increased heat stress in the built environment but also to higher energy demand for cooling. Urban planners should, therefore, be conscious of their responsibility to reduce energy usage of buildings along with improving outdoor thermal efficiency. This study examines the impact of numerous proposed urban geometry cases on the thermal efficiency of outer spaces as well as the energy consumption of adjacent buildings under various climate change scenarios as representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate projections for New Aswan city in 2035. The investigation was performed at one of the most underutilized outdoor spaces on the new campus of Aswan University in New Aswan city. The potential reduction of heat stress was investigated so as to improve the thermal comfort of the investigated outdoor spaces, as well as energy savings based on the proposed strategies. Accordingly, the most appropriate scenario to be adopted to cope with the inevitable climate change was identified. The proposed scenarios were divided into four categories of parameters. In the first category, shelters partially (25–50% and 75%) covering the streets were used. The second category proposed dividing the space parallel or perpendicular to the existing buildings. The third category was a hybrid scenario of the first and second categories. In the fourth category, a green cover of grass was added. A coupling evaluation was applied utilizing ENVI-met v4.2 and Design-Builder v4.5 to measure and improve the thermal efficiency of the outdoor space and reduce the cooling energy. The results demonstrated that it is better to cover outdoor spaces with 50% of the overall area than transform outdoor spaces into canyons.

ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Ayman Ragab. Urban Geometry Optimization to Mitigate Climate Change: Towards Energy-Efficient Buildings. Sustainability 2020, 13, 27 .

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Ayman Ragab. Urban Geometry Optimization to Mitigate Climate Change: Towards Energy-Efficient Buildings. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Ayman Ragab. 2020. "Urban Geometry Optimization to Mitigate Climate Change: Towards Energy-Efficient Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 27.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Building and Environment
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Although the geometry of urban settlements can significantly affect local microclimates, planning of new urban communities in Upper Egypt largely ignores opportunities to design for improved thermal environments. Significant expansion of urban areas in Upper Egypt is expected to take place in the coming decades. To inform the design process, this study uses the complex geometric configurations of older planned communities in the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) to explore key urban form variables that affect outdoor thermal comfort in arid climates. The study uses a calibrated microscale atmospheric model to simulate the microclimate of four quarters from GCR and one quarter from New Aswan (an Egyptian city 700 km to the south of Cairo). The simulations were conducted under Aswan's summer conditions for July 2018. The quarter from New Aswan had the highest pedestrian level Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) amongst the simulated quarters. Urban geometry variations affected average PET by up to 9 °C at the scale of individual streets, with prevalence of shade being the most important parameter. Multiple regression analysis showed that urban form variables explain more than half of the variation in PET. Extent of enclosure and Floor Area Ratio were most important at the block scale, while aspect ratio and orientation were the most impactful at the street scale. The results of this study are intended to guide planners of new urban communities in arid climates.

ACS Style

Omar M. Galal; David J. Sailor; Hatem Mahmoud. The impact of urban form on outdoor thermal comfort in hot arid environments during daylight hours, case study: New Aswan. Building and Environment 2020, 184, 107222 .

AMA Style

Omar M. Galal, David J. Sailor, Hatem Mahmoud. The impact of urban form on outdoor thermal comfort in hot arid environments during daylight hours, case study: New Aswan. Building and Environment. 2020; 184 ():107222.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar M. Galal; David J. Sailor; Hatem Mahmoud. 2020. "The impact of urban form on outdoor thermal comfort in hot arid environments during daylight hours, case study: New Aswan." Building and Environment 184, no. : 107222.

Review
Published: 28 February 2020 in Atmosphere
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Since the mid-1970s, urban development in Egypt has sprawled far from the distinguished compact arid built environment, as the court-yarded housing typologies that completed the vernacular picture of desert architecture have been discarded in the early 20th century. This has motivated urban microclimate research in Egypt. The main objective was initially to improve outdoor thermal comfort. Therefore, Egyptian research started with assessing different existing patterns for the sake of climate responsive and sustainable urban design practice characterized with low carbon, thermal comfort and energy efficiency in such a hot arid conditions. That is why the review workflow of this article has followed a design progress workflow that led to solving design complexities with regard to generating housing urban forms on a microclimate basis rather than an article regular review workflow in order to extract the research gaps and conclude insights. After discussing a general framework for generating housing sustainable design identified from the concluded gaps, the main conclusion is a vision and a call to integrate the Urban microclimate-Building passiveness-Renewables design dimensions, UBR, towards the evolution of a new era of energy efficient housing typologies and a 5th generation of Egyptian sustainable cities where the 1st generation of new Egyptian cities started 1970s.

ACS Style

Mohammad Fahmy; Sherif Mahmoud; Ibrahim Elwy; Hatem Mahmoud. A Review and Insights for Eleven Years of Urban Microclimate Research Towards a New Egyptian ERA of Low Carbon, Comfortable and Energy-Efficient Housing Typologies. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 236 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Fahmy, Sherif Mahmoud, Ibrahim Elwy, Hatem Mahmoud. A Review and Insights for Eleven Years of Urban Microclimate Research Towards a New Egyptian ERA of Low Carbon, Comfortable and Energy-Efficient Housing Typologies. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (3):236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Fahmy; Sherif Mahmoud; Ibrahim Elwy; Hatem Mahmoud. 2020. "A Review and Insights for Eleven Years of Urban Microclimate Research Towards a New Egyptian ERA of Low Carbon, Comfortable and Energy-Efficient Housing Typologies." Atmosphere 11, no. 3: 236.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2019 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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In Upper Egypt, many new cities were planned without thoroughly considering the environmental impacts. This has led to climatically insensitive urban settlements. On the other hand, in the Greater Cairo Region, older urban communities were originally planned with similar characteristics. However, they have experienced an unplanned evolutionary process over the last decades. These settlements became denser as residents built additions vertically or replaced existing structures with higher ones. Consequently, the geometric parameters of outdoor spaces have become more complex, with significant impacts on the local micro climate. As a way of supporting urban planning policies in Upper Egypt’s new cities, this study questions the feasibility of this densification phenomenon with regard to outdoor thermal comfort. The data introduced are based on site surveys in The Greater Cairo Region, onsite climatic measurements in New Aswan city, and microclimate simulations using ENVI-met. This study simulates the impact of urban form of two quarters (new and transformed) on Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) at pedestrian level. The simulation was conducted under Aswan’s extreme hot climatic conditions in summer. The results show that the densification has lowered average PET values by 1 °C throughout the entire quarter and up to 5.5 °C in some of the evolved areas during the daytime hours. However, at other locations within East-West oriented streets the increased heights had a negative effect and was insignificant at the wider spaces. These findings may inspire change in new communities’ planning polices or guide the manner of growth for settlements in arid climates.

ACS Style

Omar M. Galal; Hatem Mahmoud; David Sailor. Impact of evolving building morphology on microclimate in a hot arid climate. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 54, 102011 .

AMA Style

Omar M. Galal, Hatem Mahmoud, David Sailor. Impact of evolving building morphology on microclimate in a hot arid climate. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 54 ():102011.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar M. Galal; Hatem Mahmoud; David Sailor. 2019. "Impact of evolving building morphology on microclimate in a hot arid climate." Sustainable Cities and Society 54, no. : 102011.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2019 in International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Remon Alfons; Rabee M. Reffat. Analysis of The Driving Forces of Urban Expansion in Luxor City by Remote Sensing Monitoring. International Journal of Integrated Engineering 2019, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Remon Alfons, Rabee M. Reffat. Analysis of The Driving Forces of Urban Expansion in Luxor City by Remote Sensing Monitoring. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 2019; 11 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Remon Alfons; Rabee M. Reffat. 2019. "Analysis of The Driving Forces of Urban Expansion in Luxor City by Remote Sensing Monitoring." International Journal of Integrated Engineering 11, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2018 in The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science
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The Egyptian government set out in the 1970s to establish new cities in the desert to absorb urban sprawl and to prevent further depletion of agricultural lands. Despite such efforts, this policy has not met with much success. In the present study, LANDSAT satellite imagery and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to investigate the nature of urban sprawl in one of the most important cities in Egypt, Asyut city, as well as the area connecting it to New Asyut city by quantifying the interaction between the driving forces of land use/cover change. Various socioeconomic factors associated with land control policy were examined. The results indicated that whereas directing urban development towards the new city created a semblance of balance initially, the rate of land development in the study area outstripped the rate of population growth, especially in the new city. While establishment of the new city boosted early urban development, further development in the regions outside the Nile valley was not sustained due to a lack of supportive governmental policies. Consequently, urban residents moved back inside the valley to re-settle on agricultural lands adjacent to the old urban cores. This study is the first to quantify the driving forces of land use in this region. It offers useful data to guide planned and purposeful expansion of urban land by government policy-makers in their effort to curb urban sprawl and prevent further encroachment on agricultural land in Egypt.

ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Prasanna Divigalpitiya. Spatiotemporal variation analysis of urban land expansion in the establishment of new communities in Upper Egypt: A case study of New Asyut city. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science 2018, 22, 59 -66.

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Prasanna Divigalpitiya. Spatiotemporal variation analysis of urban land expansion in the establishment of new communities in Upper Egypt: A case study of New Asyut city. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science. 2018; 22 (1):59-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Prasanna Divigalpitiya. 2018. "Spatiotemporal variation analysis of urban land expansion in the establishment of new communities in Upper Egypt: A case study of New Asyut city." The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science 22, no. 1: 59-66.

Conference paper
Published: 04 November 2016 in Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions
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ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Prasanna Divigalpitiya. Modeling Future Land Use and Land-Cover Change in the Asyut Region Using Markov Chains and Cellular Automata. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2016, 99 -112.

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Prasanna Divigalpitiya. Modeling Future Land Use and Land-Cover Change in the Asyut Region Using Markov Chains and Cellular Automata. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2016; ():99-112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Prasanna Divigalpitiya. 2016. "Modeling Future Land Use and Land-Cover Change in the Asyut Region Using Markov Chains and Cellular Automata." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 99-112.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2011 in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering
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ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Takafumi Arima. A Web-Based Public Participation System that Supports Decision Making. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 2011, 10, 77 -84.

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Takafumi Arima. A Web-Based Public Participation System that Supports Decision Making. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2011; 10 (1):77-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Takafumi Arima. 2011. "A Web-Based Public Participation System that Supports Decision Making." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 10, no. 1: 77-84.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2009 in AIJ Journal of Technology and Design
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ACS Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Takafumi Arima. ENHANCING THE URBAN SIMULATION BY USING ANIMATING TEXTURES. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2009, 15, 909 -914.

AMA Style

Hatem Mahmoud, Takafumi Arima. ENHANCING THE URBAN SIMULATION BY USING ANIMATING TEXTURES. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design. 2009; 15 (31):909-914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Mahmoud; Takafumi Arima. 2009. "ENHANCING THE URBAN SIMULATION BY USING ANIMATING TEXTURES." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 15, no. 31: 909-914.