Two new octanorlanostane-type triterpenes, euphraticanoids A and B (1 and 2), two new trinorsesquiterpenoids, euphraticanoids C and D (3 and 4), and eight known triterpenoids (5, 6, 8–13) along with one steroid (7) were isolated from Populus euphratica resins. The structures of these new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were characterized by spectrocsopic, chemical, and computational methods. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 4, 7–9, 12, and 13 display neuroprotective activities in H₂O₂-induced HT-22 cells with 4, 8, and 9 occurring in a concentration-dependent manner and 7, 12, and 13 reaching the maximum effects at 20 μM. Meanwhile, the neuroprotective properties of all isolates were accessed using glutamate-induced SH-SY5Y cells and disclosed that compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 could dose-dependently protect neural cell injury in a concentration range of 10–40 μM. Finally, a brief structure–activity relationship was briefly discussed.

Five new meroterpenoids, zizhines P-S and U (1−4,7), together with two known meroterpenoids (5 and 6) were isolated from Ganoderma sinensis. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by using spectroscopic, computational, and chemical methods. Racemics zizhines P and Q were purified by HPLC on chiral phase. Biological evaluation found that 4, 5 and 6 are cytotoxic toward human cancer cells (A549, BGC-823, Kyse30) with IC₅₀ values in the range of 63.43–80.83 μM towards A549, 59.2 ± 2.73 μM and 64.25 ± 0.37 μM towards BGC-823, 76.28 ± 1.93 μM and 85.42 ± 2.82 μM towards Kyse30.

A series of saccharin derivatives containing 2‐ aminothiazole scaffold were designed, synthesized, and characterized by ¹ H NMR, ¹³ C NMR, and HRMS. The fungicidal activities of these novel compounds against Botrytis cinerea , Curvularia lunata , and Rhizoctonia solani were evaluated. The results indicated that N ‐(4‐((1,1‐dioxido‐3‐oxobenzo[d]isothiazol‐2(3 H )‐yl) methyl) thiazol‐2‐yl) acrylamide ( HST3 ) displayed potential fungicidal activities against C. lunata , and R. solani with IC ₅₀ values of 15.0 mg/L and 12.9 mg/L respectively, which possessed higher fungicidal activity than commercial products hymexazol and amicarthiazol. Moreover, N ‐(4‐((1,1‐dioxido‐3‐oxobenzo[d]isothiazol‐2(3 H )‐yl) methyl) thiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐methoxybenzamide ( HST9 ) possessed an IC ₅₀ value of 1.1 mg/L against B. cinerea , superior to hymexazol, amicarthiazol, and carboxin. Besides, the superficial structure‐activity relationship was discussed. Furthermore, molecular docking result suggest that SDH enzyme might be one of the action targets of title compounds.