The multiple problems of modern agriculture urge people to probe into sustainability of the traditional agriculture. As important representatives of Chinese traditional agriculture, the agricultural heritage systems on aquatic-ecological conservation (AHSAEC) are confronting threats and urgently needs to be protected. In this study, the functions and value of the AHSAECs are analyzed by multi-disciplinary methods including system analysis methods based on the review of old books and modern scientific research literature, and the nature of their sustainability are discussed, and the countermeasures against their current unsustainability are proposed. The results show that AHSAECs derive from the simple eco-agriculture models such as the Taihu Lake multi-industry compound ecoagriculture model in historical periods. These systems can integrate farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and aquaculture and make them a sustainable recycling system. Thus, they have strong ecological stability, rich cultural connotation, and good comprehensive benefits. Traditional eco-wisdom from Chinese traditional culture is the power to promote the sustainability and high-quality development of these systems. The key eco-wisdom of AHSAECs is to integrate aquaculture with livestock and poultry breeding and planting through the harmless treatment and recycling of agricultural wastes, which is conducive to the aquatic ecosystem conservation and sustainable resources utilization. Nowadays, it is urgent to preserve the eco-wisdom by establishing ecological museums to realize the productive protection and inheriting development of the heritage systems.

In contrast to modern agriculture, long-standing traditional agricultural practices such as agricultural heritage systems (AHS) are important inspirations for promoting harmonious human–land relations. However, some AHS have been in danger as their traditional agricultural landscapes (TALs) were changed by rapid modernization and urbanization. Thus, how do we figure out the change processes? What conservation measures can be taken? Taking the Xin’an Traditional Cherry Cultivation System in the loess hilly areas of Henan Province as a case, this study introduced the source–sink landscape theory to analyze the structure and process of the TAL during 1920–2020. Results show that, during 1920–1950, the traditional rural landscape (TRL) and the agricultural (natural) ecological landscape (ANEL) in the TAL were relatively balanced because they were source and sink to each other. Since 1985, the source expansion and sink resistance of both TRL and ANEL have been greatly hindered by the sink growth of modern village landscapes (MVL). As the core source landscape, TRL needs salvage protection for inheriting local characteristics by effective measures. TAL conservation should highlight rurality preservation through expanding the protection scope of TRL, endowing the MVL with more indigenous cultural features, etc. All these may contribute to rural vitalization and sustainable development.

According to big data analysis, “Forest Health” is based on the rich and colorful forest landscape in Henan, the refreshing forest air environment, healthy and safe forest food, and rich ecological culture. It is equipped with corresponding health and leisure, medical and health care. The physical service facility is a general term for activities such as forest recreation, vacation, recuperation, health care, and pension for the purpose of self-cultivation, function adjustment, and anti-aging. It is a new model, new format and new ideas for the health industry in Henan Forestry Cultural Heritage Area. It not only conforms to the spirit of the important speech of General Secretary Xi on promoting comprehensive economic reform, optimizing industrial structure, cultivating new business forms and new business models, but also expanding domestic demand. Increasing employment and stimulating the economy is a new and important growth point.

In recent years, according to big data that agricultural cooperation and exchanges between Henan and the countries with shared economies have made some progress, but on the whole, there are still some problems in the opening up of Henan agriculture. Henan should actively integrate into the construction of shared economy, seek agricultural cooperation on a larger scale, further optimize the agricultural trade structure, innovate the agricultural foreign investment model, expand the space for agricultural technology exchange, increase policy support, and strive to build a new pattern of Henan’s agricultural opening up.