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Prof. Chi-Yuan Lee
Yuan Ze University

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0 Green Technology
0 Industry 4.0
0 Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS)
0 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
0 Microsensors

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Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
Microsensors

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Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Membranes
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According to the comparison between a proton battery and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the PEMFC requires oxygen and hydrogen for generating electricity, so a hydrogen tank is required, leading to larger volume of PEMFC. The proton battery can store hydrogen in the carbon layer, combined with the oxygen in the air to form water to generate electricity; thus, the battery cost and the space for a hydrogen tank can be reduced a lot, and it is used more extensively. As the proton battery is a new research area, multiple important physical quantities inside the proton battery should be further understood and monitored so as to enhance the performance of battery. The proton battery has the potential for practical applications, as well as water electrolysis, proton storage and discharge functions, and it can be produced without expensive metals. Therefore, in this study, we use micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a diagnostic tool for the proton battery based on the developed microhydrogen sensor, integrated with the voltage, current, temperature, humidity and flow microsensors developed by this laboratory to complete a flexible integrated 6-in-1 microsensor, which is embedded in the proton battery to measure internal important physical parameters simultaneously so that the reaction condition in the proton battery can be mastered more accurately. In addition, the interaction of physical quantities of the proton battery are discussed so as to enhance the proton battery’s performance.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chin-Yuan Yang; John-Shong Cheong; Yun-Hsiu Chien; Yi-Chuan Lin. Flexible 6-in-1 Microsensor for Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Proton Battery. Membranes 2021, 11, 615 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Chin-Yuan Yang, John-Shong Cheong, Yun-Hsiu Chien, Yi-Chuan Lin. Flexible 6-in-1 Microsensor for Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Proton Battery. Membranes. 2021; 11 (8):615.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chin-Yuan Yang; John-Shong Cheong; Yun-Hsiu Chien; Yi-Chuan Lin. 2021. "Flexible 6-in-1 Microsensor for Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Proton Battery." Membranes 11, no. 8: 615.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Micromachines
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As the environmental considerations rise all over the world and under the drive of renewable energy policy, the society of hydrogen energy will come out gradually in the future. The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is a very good hydrogen generator, characterized by low cost, high efficiency and zero emission of greenhouse gases. In this study, the micro temperature, humidity, flow, pressure, voltage, and current sensors were successfully integrated on a 50 μm thick Polyimide (PI) substrate by using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. After the optimal design and process optimization of the flexible 6-in-1 microsensor, it was embedded in the PEMWE for a 500-h persistent effect test and internal real-time microscopic monitoring.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Guo-Bin Jung; Yu-Xiang Zheng; Yi-Cheng Liu. Persistent Effect Test and Internal Microscopic Monitoring for PEM Water Electrolyzer. Micromachines 2021, 12, 494 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Guo-Bin Jung, Yu-Xiang Zheng, Yi-Cheng Liu. Persistent Effect Test and Internal Microscopic Monitoring for PEM Water Electrolyzer. Micromachines. 2021; 12 (5):494.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Guo-Bin Jung; Yu-Xiang Zheng; Yi-Cheng Liu. 2021. "Persistent Effect Test and Internal Microscopic Monitoring for PEM Water Electrolyzer." Micromachines 12, no. 5: 494.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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A flapping wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV) demands high lift and thrust generation for a desired payload. In view of this, the present work focuses on a novel way of enhancing the lift characteristics through integrating check-valves in the flapping wing membrane. Modal analysis and static analysis are performed to determine the natural frequency and deformation of the check-valve. Based on the inference, the check-valve opens and closes during the upstroke flapping and downstroke flapping, respectively. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted by considering the two cases of wing design, i.e., with and without a check-valve for various driving voltages, wind speeds and different inclined angles. A 20 cm-wingspan polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane wing with two check-valves, composed of central disc-cap with radius of 7.43 mm, supported by three S-beams, actuated by Evans mechanism to have 90° stroke angle, is considered for the 10 gf (gram force) FWMAV study. The aerodynamic performances, such as lift and net thrust for these two cases, are evaluated. The experimental result demonstrates that an average lift of 17 gf is generated for the case where check-valves are attached on the wing membrane to operate at 3.7 V input voltage, 30° inclined angle and 1.5 m/s wind speed. It is inferred that sufficient aerodynamic benefit with 68% of higher lift is attained for the wing membrane incorporated with check-valve.

ACS Style

Lung-Jieh Yang; Reshmi Waikhom; Wei-Chen Wang; Vivek Jabaraj Joseph; Balasubramanian Esakki; Neethish Kumar Unnam; Xiu-Han Li; Chi-Yuan Lee. Check-Valve Design in Enhancing Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3416 .

AMA Style

Lung-Jieh Yang, Reshmi Waikhom, Wei-Chen Wang, Vivek Jabaraj Joseph, Balasubramanian Esakki, Neethish Kumar Unnam, Xiu-Han Li, Chi-Yuan Lee. Check-Valve Design in Enhancing Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lung-Jieh Yang; Reshmi Waikhom; Wei-Chen Wang; Vivek Jabaraj Joseph; Balasubramanian Esakki; Neethish Kumar Unnam; Xiu-Han Li; Chi-Yuan Lee. 2021. "Check-Valve Design in Enhancing Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3416.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Membranes
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The proton battery possesses water electrolysis, proton storage and discharging functions simultaneously, and it can be manufactured without expensive metals. Use the principle of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for charging, store it in the activated carbon on the hydrogen side and use the principle of proton exchange membrane fuel cell for discharge when needed. According to the latest literature, it is difficult to obtain the exact important physical parameters inside the proton battery (e.g., voltage, current, temperature, humidity and flow), and the important physical parameters are correlated with each other, which have critical influence on the performance, lifetime and health status of the proton battery. At present, the condition of the proton battery is judged indirectly only by external measurement, the actual situation inside the proton battery cannot be obtained accurately and instantly. Therefore, this study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible 5-in-1 microsensor, which is embedded in the proton battery to obtain five important physical parameters instantly, so that the condition inside the proton battery can be mastered more precisely, so as to prolong the battery life and enhance the proton battery performance.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; John-Shong Cheong; Yun-Hsiu Chien; Yi-Chuan Lin. Flexible 5-in-1 Microsensor Embedded in the Proton Battery for Real-Time Microscopic Diagnosis. Membranes 2021, 11, 276 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, John-Shong Cheong, Yun-Hsiu Chien, Yi-Chuan Lin. Flexible 5-in-1 Microsensor Embedded in the Proton Battery for Real-Time Microscopic Diagnosis. Membranes. 2021; 11 (4):276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; John-Shong Cheong; Yun-Hsiu Chien; Yi-Chuan Lin. 2021. "Flexible 5-in-1 Microsensor Embedded in the Proton Battery for Real-Time Microscopic Diagnosis." Membranes 11, no. 4: 276.

Communication
Published: 27 January 2021 in Membranes
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In recent years, various countries have been paying attention to environmental protection issues, believing that climate change is the main challenge to the developed countries’ energy policies. The most discussed solution is renewable energy. The energy storage system can reduce the burden of the overall power system of renewable energy. The hydrogen energy is one of the optimal energy storage system options of renewable energy at present. According to these policies and the future trend, this study used micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to integrate micro voltage, current, temperature, humidity, flow and pressure sensors on a 50 μm thick polyimide (PI) substrate. After the optimization design and process optimization, the flexible six-in-one microsensor was embedded in the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) for internal real-time microscopic monitoring.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Guo-Bin Jung; Yu-Xiang Zheng; Yi-Cheng Liu. PEMWE with Internal Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring Function. Membranes 2021, 11, 92 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Guo-Bin Jung, Yu-Xiang Zheng, Yi-Cheng Liu. PEMWE with Internal Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring Function. Membranes. 2021; 11 (2):92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Guo-Bin Jung; Yu-Xiang Zheng; Yi-Cheng Liu. 2021. "PEMWE with Internal Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring Function." Membranes 11, no. 2: 92.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Micromachines
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The focus of research and development on electric motorcycle range extender are system integration and energy regulation and management but the present fuel cell stack range extender still has defects, such as large volume, heavy weight and high cost. Its volume and weight will have a strong impact on the endurance of electric motorcycle. The bipolar plate takes most volume and weight of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and it is the key component influencing the overall power density and cost. Therefore, how to thin and lighten the bipolar plate and to enhance the performance and life of PEMFC stack is an urgent research subject to be solved for the moment and will be the key to whether the PEMFC stack range extender can be put in the electric motorcycle or not. In addition, the internal temperature, humidity, flow, voltage and current in the operation of PEMFC stack will influence its performance and life and the overall performance and life of fuel cell stack will be directly influenced by different external operating conditions. As nonuniform distribution of temperature, humidity, flow, voltage and current will occur in various regions inside the fuel cell stack, this study will use micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible five-in-one microsensor, which is embedded in the PEMFC stack range extender for real-time wireless microscopic diagnosis and the reliability test is performed, so that the actual operating condition inside the fuel cell stack range extender can be mastered instantly and correctly and the internal information is fed back instantly, the fuel cell stack range extender control system can be modified to the optimum operating parameters immediately, so as to enhance the performance and prolong the lifetime effectively.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Ti-Ju Lee; John-Shong Cheong; Yi-Cheng Liu; Yu-Chun Chen. Flexible Five-in-One Microsensor for Real-Time Wireless Microscopic Diagnosis inside Electric Motorcycle Fuel Cell Stack Range Extender. Micromachines 2021, 12, 103 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Ti-Ju Lee, John-Shong Cheong, Yi-Cheng Liu, Yu-Chun Chen. Flexible Five-in-One Microsensor for Real-Time Wireless Microscopic Diagnosis inside Electric Motorcycle Fuel Cell Stack Range Extender. Micromachines. 2021; 12 (2):103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Ti-Ju Lee; John-Shong Cheong; Yi-Cheng Liu; Yu-Chun Chen. 2021. "Flexible Five-in-One Microsensor for Real-Time Wireless Microscopic Diagnosis inside Electric Motorcycle Fuel Cell Stack Range Extender." Micromachines 12, no. 2: 103.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Micromachines
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The hydrogen production reaction of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis cell stack is the reverse reaction of the fuel cell, but the water electrolysis operation requires high pressure, and the high pressure decomposes hydrogen molecules, thus aging or causing failure in the water electrolysis cell stack. In addition, there are five important physical parameters (current, voltage, flow, pressure and temperature) inside the water electrolysis cell stack, which can change the performance and shorten the life of the cell stack. However, the present techniques obtain data only by external simulation or single measurement; they cannot collect the internal real data in operation instantly and accurately. This study discusses the causes for aging or failure, and develops an internal real-time microscopic diagnosis tool for accelerated aging of the PEM water electrolysis cell stack. A flexible integrated (current, voltage, flow, pressure and temperature) microsensor applicable to the inside (high voltage and electrochemical environment) of the PEM water electrolysis cell stack is developed by using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology; it is embedded in the PEM water electrolysis cell stack for microscopic diagnosis of accelerated aging, and 100-h durability and reliability tests are performed. The distribution of important physical parameters inside the PEM water electrolysis cell stack can be measured instantly and accurately, so as to adjust it to the optimal operating conditions, and the local aging and failure problems are discussed.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Guo-Bin Jung; Shih-Chun Li; Yi-Zhen Zeng. Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Accelerated Aging of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Cell Stack. Micromachines 2020, 11, 1078 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Guo-Bin Jung, Shih-Chun Li, Yi-Zhen Zeng. Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Accelerated Aging of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Cell Stack. Micromachines. 2020; 11 (12):1078.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Guo-Bin Jung; Shih-Chun Li; Yi-Zhen Zeng. 2020. "Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Accelerated Aging of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Cell Stack." Micromachines 11, no. 12: 1078.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2020 in Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
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The performance and life proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) depend on local distribution of internal temperature, voltage, current and humidity, while its overall performance and life of PEMFC stack are directly affected different external operating conditions. However, the nonuniform distribution of temperature, voltage, current and humidity can occur anywhere in a PEMFC stack. In order to solve this problem, this study developed a real-time microscopic diagnosis technology for PEMFC stack performance. It applied the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to build, a flexible 4-in-1 (temperature, voltage, current and humidity) microsensor, which can measure the four main physical properties inside the PEMFC stack, so as to determine the optimum operating conditions. The flexible 4-in-1 microsensor developed in this study was successfully applied to the interior of a motorcycle fuel cell range extender, and detected that the physical properties in different parts of the PEMFC stack, especially on temperature. The measured data could be used to determine whether a thermal stress concentration has been generated inside the PEMFC stack, thus, the operating conditions could be changed accordingly to relieve the concentration. Moreover, the data of local voltage and current could also indicate the local reaction status and the relationship between the reaction rate and temperature and humidity. The proposed technology can help manufacturers to use the collected data to adjust the production parameters, thereby accelerating fuel cell development, and extending cell performance and life.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shuo-Jen Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Sheng-Yung Hsu; Yun-Hsiu Chien; Ti-Ju Lee. Flexible 4-in-1 microsensor for in-situ diagnosis of electric motorcycle fuel cell range extender. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2020, 315, 112319 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Shuo-Jen Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Sheng-Yung Hsu, Yun-Hsiu Chien, Ti-Ju Lee. Flexible 4-in-1 microsensor for in-situ diagnosis of electric motorcycle fuel cell range extender. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2020; 315 ():112319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shuo-Jen Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Sheng-Yung Hsu; Yun-Hsiu Chien; Ti-Ju Lee. 2020. "Flexible 4-in-1 microsensor for in-situ diagnosis of electric motorcycle fuel cell range extender." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 315, no. : 112319.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2020 in Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
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In a vanadium redox flow battery, four different physical parameters (voltage, current, temperature, and flow) can affect its overall function and lifespan. The present nodus is that only an inference, simulate, external, or single measurement can be used, and that real-time data cannot be obtained accurately and immediately in the vanadium redox flow battery. However, external measurement of the sensor may cause the measured data to be different from the actual data inside the vanadium redox flow battery. Furthermore, a single measurement makes the vanadium redox flow battery need to be connected to many devices at the same time, making the overall system more complicated. As a result, in order to realize inner real-time microscopical monitoring of a vanadium redox flow battery, this study used micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to exploit a flexible integrated (voltage, current, temperature, and flow) microsensor, which can be inserted in the vanadium redox flow battery for real-time microscopic sensing and monitoring. The technical advantages of the proposed micro-sensor include: (1) a small area and simultaneous local measurement of four physical quantities (voltage, current, temperature, and flow); (2) accurate embedding in an elastic measurement position; (3) sensitivity, high accuracy, and quick response; and (4) elastic design and customized development. The flexible integrated microsensor can exactly measure the local voltage, current, temperature, and flow operating conditions in the vanadium redox flow battery and can instantly provide feedback of internal information. The optimal operating parameters can then be adjusted immediately, so as to enhance the battery performance and effectively prolong its life.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shuo-Jen Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chin-Lung Hsieh; Shih-Hao Wen; Chun-Wei Chiu; Chong-An Jiang. Internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow battery. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2020, 314, 112259 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Shuo-Jen Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Chin-Lung Hsieh, Shih-Hao Wen, Chun-Wei Chiu, Chong-An Jiang. Internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow battery. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2020; 314 ():112259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shuo-Jen Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chin-Lung Hsieh; Shih-Hao Wen; Chun-Wei Chiu; Chong-An Jiang. 2020. "Internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow battery." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 314, no. : 112259.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2019 in Renewable Energy
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The proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer has such advantages as simple system, low operating temperature and small-scale hydrogen production according to real time requirement, and the hydrogen production process is clean, meeting the environmental requirements. The PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production is the reverse reaction of fuel cell, but the water electrolysis requires high operating voltage, the resistance is likely to generate a lot of waste heat, and the nonuniform current density results in hot spots, the internal temperature rises, accelerating the decomposition of hydrogen molecules, the water electrolyzer is likely to age and fail. In addition, four important physical parameters (temperature, flow, voltage and current) in the running water electrolyzer can influence its performance and life, but the present bottleneck is external, theoretical, simulated or single measurement, the authentic information in the water electrolyzer cannot be obtained accurately and instantly. This study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible integrated (temperature, flow, voltage and current) microsensor applicable to the high voltage and electrochemical environment in water electrolyzer, which is integrated with a 20 μm thick polyimide (PI) film material. The real-time microscopic diagnosis and measurement in the PEM water electrolyzer can measure the internal local temperature, voltage, current and flow distribution uniformity instantly and accurately, so as to optimize the operating conditions and analysis.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Shih-Chun Li; Yu-Syuan Wang. Development and application of flexible integrated microsensor as real-time monitoring tool in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. Renewable Energy 2019, 143, 906 -914.

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Shih-Chun Li, Yu-Syuan Wang. Development and application of flexible integrated microsensor as real-time monitoring tool in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. Renewable Energy. 2019; 143 ():906-914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Shih-Chun Li; Yu-Syuan Wang. 2019. "Development and application of flexible integrated microsensor as real-time monitoring tool in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer." Renewable Energy 143, no. : 906-914.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2019 in Sensors
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Multiple important physical parameters in the vanadium redox flow battery are difficult to measure accurately, and the multiple important physical parameters (e.g., temperature, flow, voltage, current, pressure, and electrolyte concentration) are correlated with each other; all of them have a critical influence on the performance and life of vanadium redox flow battery. In terms of the feed of fuel to vanadium redox flow battery, the pump conveys electrolytes from the outside to inside for reaction. As the performance of vanadium redox flow battery can be tested only by an external machine—after which, the speed of pump is adjusted to control the flow velocity of electrolyte—the optimum performance cannot be obtained. There is a demand for internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow batteries, and this study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible five-in-one (temperature, flow, voltage, current, and pressure) microsensor, which is embedded in vanadium redox flow battery, for real-time sensing. Its advantages include: (1) Small size and the simultaneous measurement of five important physical quantities; (2) elastic measurement position and accurate embedding; and (3) high accuracy, sensitivity, and quick response time. The flexible five-in-one microsensor embedded in the vanadium redox flow battery can instantly monitor the changes in different physical quantities in the vanadium redox flow battery during charging; as such, optimum operating parameters can be found out so that performance and life can be enhancec.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chin-Lung Hsieh; Chia-Hung Chen; Yen-Pu Huang; Chong-An Jiang; Pei-Chi Wu. A Flexible 5-In-1 Microsensor for Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Charging Process. Sensors 2019, 19, 1030 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chin-Lung Hsieh, Chia-Hung Chen, Yen-Pu Huang, Chong-An Jiang, Pei-Chi Wu. A Flexible 5-In-1 Microsensor for Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Charging Process. Sensors. 2019; 19 (5):1030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chin-Lung Hsieh; Chia-Hung Chen; Yen-Pu Huang; Chong-An Jiang; Pei-Chi Wu. 2019. "A Flexible 5-In-1 Microsensor for Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Charging Process." Sensors 19, no. 5: 1030.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2018 in Sensors
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In recent years, the development of green energy sources, such as fuel cell, biomass energy, solar energy, and tidal energy, has become a popular research subject. This study aims at a flexible four-in-one microsensor, which can be embedded in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for real-time microscopic diagnosis so as to assist in developing and improving the technology of the fuel cell. Therefore, this study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to integrate a micro humidity sensor, micro pH sensor, micro temperature sensor, and micro voltage sensor into a flexible four-in-one microsensor. This flexible four-in-one microsensor has four functions and is favorably characterized by small size, good acid resistance and temperature resistance, quick response, and real-time measurement. The goal was to be able to put the four-in-one microsensor in any place for measurement without affecting the performance of the fuel cell.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chao-Yuan Chiu; Kuan-Lin Yu; Lung-Jieh Yang. Application of Flexible Four-In-One Microsensor to Internal Real-Time Monitoring of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Sensors 2018, 18, 2269 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Chao-Yuan Chiu, Kuan-Lin Yu, Lung-Jieh Yang. Application of Flexible Four-In-One Microsensor to Internal Real-Time Monitoring of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Sensors. 2018; 18 (7):2269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chao-Yuan Chiu; Kuan-Lin Yu; Lung-Jieh Yang. 2018. "Application of Flexible Four-In-One Microsensor to Internal Real-Time Monitoring of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Sensors 18, no. 7: 2269.

Communication
Published: 15 March 2018 in Sensors
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Looking for alternative energy sources has been an inevitable trend since the oil crisis, and close attentioned has been paid to hydrogen energy. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer is characterized by high energy efficiency, high yield, simple system and low operating temperature. The electrolyzer generates hydrogen from water free of any carbon sources (provided the electrons come from renewable sources such as solar and wind), so it is very clean and completely satisfies the environmental requirement. However, in long-term operation of the PEM water electrolyzer, the membrane material durability, catalyst corrosion and nonuniformity of local flow, voltage and current in the electrolyzer can influence the overall performance. It is difficult to measure the internal physical parameters of the PEM water electrolyzer, and the physical parameters are interrelated. Therefore, this study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible integrated microsensor; internal multiple physical information is extracted to determine the optimal working parameters for the PEM water electrolyzer. The real operational data of local flow, voltage and current in the PEM water electrolyzer are measured simultaneously by the flexible integrated microsensor, so as to enhance the performance of the PEM water electrolyzer and to prolong the service life.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shih-Chun Li; Chia-Hung Chen; Yen-Ting Huang; Yu-Syuan Wang. Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Flow, Voltage and Current in the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer. Sensors 2018, 18, 867 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Shih-Chun Li, Chia-Hung Chen, Yen-Ting Huang, Yu-Syuan Wang. Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Flow, Voltage and Current in the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer. Sensors. 2018; 18 (3):867.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shih-Chun Li; Chia-Hung Chen; Yen-Ting Huang; Yu-Syuan Wang. 2018. "Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Flow, Voltage and Current in the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer." Sensors 18, no. 3: 867.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2018 in Sensors
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To prolong the operating time of unmanned aerial vehicles which use proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), the performance of PEMFC is the key. However, a long-term operation can make the Pt particles of the catalyst layer and the pollutants in the feedstock gas bond together (e.g., CO), so that the catalyst loses reaction activity. The performance decay and aging of PEMFC will be influenced by operating conditions, temperature, flow and CO concentration. Therefore, this study proposes the development of an internal real-time wireless diagnostic tool for PEMFC, and uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a wireless and thin (<50 μm) flexible integrated (temperature, flow and CO) microsensor. The technical advantages are (1) compactness and three wireless measurement functions; (2) elastic measurement position and accurate embedding; (3) high accuracy and sensitivity and quick response; (4) real-time wireless monitoring of dynamic performance of PEMFC; (5) customized design and development. The flexible integrated microsensor is embedded in the PEMFC, three important physical quantities in the PEMFC, which are the temperature, flow and CO, can be measured simultaneously and instantly, so as to obtain the authentic and complete reaction in the PEMFC to enhance the performance of PEMFC and to prolong the service life.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chao-Hsuan Tsai; Yu-Syuan Wang. Development of an Internal Real-Time Wireless Diagnostic Tool for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Sensors 2018, 18, 213 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chia-Hung Chen, Chao-Hsuan Tsai, Yu-Syuan Wang. Development of an Internal Real-Time Wireless Diagnostic Tool for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Sensors. 2018; 18 (1):213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chia-Hung Chen; Chao-Hsuan Tsai; Yu-Syuan Wang. 2018. "Development of an Internal Real-Time Wireless Diagnostic Tool for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Sensors 18, no. 1: 213.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
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ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chong-An Jiang; Chin-Lung Hsieh; Chia-Hung Chen; Kin-Fu Lin; Yun-Min Liu; Yen-Pu Huang. Application of flexible integrated microsensor to internal real-time measurement of vanadium redox flow battery. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2017, 267, 135 -141.

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Chong-An Jiang, Chin-Lung Hsieh, Chia-Hung Chen, Kin-Fu Lin, Yun-Min Liu, Yen-Pu Huang. Application of flexible integrated microsensor to internal real-time measurement of vanadium redox flow battery. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2017; 267 ():135-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Chong-An Jiang; Chin-Lung Hsieh; Chia-Hung Chen; Kin-Fu Lin; Yun-Min Liu; Yen-Pu Huang. 2017. "Application of flexible integrated microsensor to internal real-time measurement of vanadium redox flow battery." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 267, no. : 135-141.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Yu-Chun Chiang; Fang-Bor Weng; Shih-Chun Li; Pai-Hsuan Wu; Heng-I. Yueh. Flexible micro temperature, voltage and current sensors for local real-time microscopic diagnosis inside high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. Renewable Energy 2017, 108, 126 -131.

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Yu-Chun Chiang, Fang-Bor Weng, Shih-Chun Li, Pai-Hsuan Wu, Heng-I. Yueh. Flexible micro temperature, voltage and current sensors for local real-time microscopic diagnosis inside high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. Renewable Energy. 2017; 108 ():126-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Yu-Chun Chiang; Fang-Bor Weng; Shih-Chun Li; Pai-Hsuan Wu; Heng-I. Yueh. 2017. "Flexible micro temperature, voltage and current sensors for local real-time microscopic diagnosis inside high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack." Renewable Energy 108, no. : 126-131.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Surfaces and Interfaces
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ACS Style

Chien-Te Hsieh; Dong-Ying Tzou; Ze-Shien Huang; Jo-Pei Hsu; Chi-Yuan Lee. Decoration of zinc oxide nanoparticles onto carbon fibers as composite filaments for infrared heaters. Surfaces and Interfaces 2017, 6, 98 -102.

AMA Style

Chien-Te Hsieh, Dong-Ying Tzou, Ze-Shien Huang, Jo-Pei Hsu, Chi-Yuan Lee. Decoration of zinc oxide nanoparticles onto carbon fibers as composite filaments for infrared heaters. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2017; 6 ():98-102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chien-Te Hsieh; Dong-Ying Tzou; Ze-Shien Huang; Jo-Pei Hsu; Chi-Yuan Lee. 2017. "Decoration of zinc oxide nanoparticles onto carbon fibers as composite filaments for infrared heaters." Surfaces and Interfaces 6, no. : 98-102.

Letter
Published: 18 October 2016 in Sensors
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In the chemical reaction that proceeds in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack (HT-PEMFC stack), the internal local temperature, voltage, pressure, flow and current nonuniformity may cause poor membrane material durability and nonuniform fuel distribution, thus influencing the performance and lifetime of the fuel cell stack. In this paper micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are utilized to develop a high-temperature electrochemical environment-resistant five-in-one micro-sensor embedded in the cathode channel plate of an HT-PEMFC stack, and materials and process parameters are appropriately selected to protect the micro-sensor against failure or destruction during long-term operation. In-situ measurement of the local temperature, voltage, pressure, flow and current distributions in the HT-PEMFC stack is carried out. This integrated micro-sensor has five functions, and is favorably characterized by small size, good acid resistance and temperature resistance, quick response, real-time measurement, and the goal is being able to be put in any place for measurement without affecting the performance of the battery.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Fang-Bor Weng; Yzu-Wei Kuo; Chao-Hsuan Tsai; Yen-Ting Cheng; Chih-Kai Cheng; Jyun-Ting Lin. In-Situ Measurement of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Using Flexible Five-in-One Micro-Sensor. Sensors 2016, 16, 1731 .

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Fang-Bor Weng, Yzu-Wei Kuo, Chao-Hsuan Tsai, Yen-Ting Cheng, Chih-Kai Cheng, Jyun-Ting Lin. In-Situ Measurement of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Using Flexible Five-in-One Micro-Sensor. Sensors. 2016; 16 (10):1731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Fang-Bor Weng; Yzu-Wei Kuo; Chao-Hsuan Tsai; Yen-Ting Cheng; Chih-Kai Cheng; Jyun-Ting Lin. 2016. "In-Situ Measurement of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Using Flexible Five-in-One Micro-Sensor." Sensors 16, no. 10: 1731.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2016 in Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
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The lithium ion battery overcharge may cause thermal runaway, even hazardous conditions like explosion, resulting in safety problem. High charge/discharge rate is required for 3C products like smart phone and tablet PC and electric vehicles, but it will cause steep rise of internal temperature of lithium ion battery, unstable voltage and current and safety problem. This study used micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) to develop an integrated microsensor of temperature, voltage and current microsensors, embedded in the lithium ion battery for real-time microscopic monitoring of internal temperature, voltage and current. This integrated microsensor is characterized by quick response, real-time measurement and batch manufacturing.

ACS Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shuo-Jen Lee; Yi-Ming Hung; Chien-Te Hsieh; Yu-Ming Chang; Yen-Ting Huang; Jyun-Ting Lin. Integrated microsensor for real-time microscopic monitoring of local temperature, voltage and current inside lithium ion battery. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2016, 253, 59 -68.

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Shuo-Jen Lee, Yi-Ming Hung, Chien-Te Hsieh, Yu-Ming Chang, Yen-Ting Huang, Jyun-Ting Lin. Integrated microsensor for real-time microscopic monitoring of local temperature, voltage and current inside lithium ion battery. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2016; 253 ():59-68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Shuo-Jen Lee; Yi-Ming Hung; Chien-Te Hsieh; Yu-Ming Chang; Yen-Ting Huang; Jyun-Ting Lin. 2016. "Integrated microsensor for real-time microscopic monitoring of local temperature, voltage and current inside lithium ion battery." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 253, no. : 59-68.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2016 in Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
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Chi-Yuan Lee; Fang-Bor Weng; Yzu-Wei Kuo; Yen-Ting Cheng; Chih-Kai Cheng; Chao-Hsuan Tsai; Ti-Ju Lee. Persistent effect test for high temperature resistant integrated microsensor embedded in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2016, 250, 202 -209.

AMA Style

Chi-Yuan Lee, Fang-Bor Weng, Yzu-Wei Kuo, Yen-Ting Cheng, Chih-Kai Cheng, Chao-Hsuan Tsai, Ti-Ju Lee. Persistent effect test for high temperature resistant integrated microsensor embedded in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2016; 250 ():202-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Yuan Lee; Fang-Bor Weng; Yzu-Wei Kuo; Yen-Ting Cheng; Chih-Kai Cheng; Chao-Hsuan Tsai; Ti-Ju Lee. 2016. "Persistent effect test for high temperature resistant integrated microsensor embedded in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 250, no. : 202-209.