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Massimiliano Renzi
Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology - Piazza Università, 9100, Bolzano, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 21 July 2021 in Journal of the Energy Institute
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Despite the massive electrification of the energy sector, combustion-based technologies will continue to play a key role for decades to come. Therefore, to meet the ambitious target of decarbonization of the energy sector, adapting current technologies to alternative energy sources, like biofuels, is a must. The proposed work aims at investigating the role of biomass producer gas in compression ignition (CI) engines, as a substitute of diesel fuel. A micro combined heat and power generation system (CHP) consisting of an open-top downdraft gasifier, a single-cylinder water-cooled CI engine and a waste heat recovery circuit have been set-up with the aim to investigate emissions and performance at several Diesel Substitution Rates (DSR), up to 50 %. Maximum substitution levels – which occur due to knocking limitations and combustion instabilities - have been also identified. The main results show: i) a decrease of thermal and electrical efficiencies in the range of 10–30 %; ii) strong NOx and smoke opacity reductions (with peaks close to 80 %); iii) an increase of CO emissions (above 50 %); iv) the assessment of a decreasing maximum DSR as the power load increase (98 % at the lowest load, up to 46 % at full load). Such findings offer quantitative results through which multi-objective optimization procedures could be implemented. Moreover, experimental results indicate the need for a diesel injection timing optimization strategy to mitigate CO emissions.

ACS Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Daniele Antolini; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. Diesel fuel substitution using forestry biomass producer gas: Effects of dual fuel combustion on performance and emissions of a micro-CHP system. Journal of the Energy Institute 2021, 98, 334 -345.

AMA Style

Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi, Daniele Antolini, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri. Diesel fuel substitution using forestry biomass producer gas: Effects of dual fuel combustion on performance and emissions of a micro-CHP system. Journal of the Energy Institute. 2021; 98 ():334-345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Daniele Antolini; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. 2021. "Diesel fuel substitution using forestry biomass producer gas: Effects of dual fuel combustion on performance and emissions of a micro-CHP system." Journal of the Energy Institute 98, no. : 334-345.

Preprint content
Published: 16 July 2021
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ACS Style

Francesco Nicolosi; Massimiliano Renzi. Design and CFD Simulation of a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Fuelled With Low LHV Producer Gas. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Francesco Nicolosi, Massimiliano Renzi. Design and CFD Simulation of a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Fuelled With Low LHV Producer Gas. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Nicolosi; Massimiliano Renzi. 2021. "Design and CFD Simulation of a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Fuelled With Low LHV Producer Gas." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Energy
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In this work, an electro-thermal model of a single lithium-ion battery cell has been developed in Simulink-Simscape environment. The model is divided in two interacting parts: the electrical and the thermal one. The electrical model consists of one Resistor-Capacitor branch circuit that is coupled to a thermal model consisting of a discretized volume, representing the battery cell, built on the basis of the thermal-electrical analogy. The heat generated by the cell is estimated using a lumped heat source approach. One of the novel aspects of the work is the definition and detailed description of an automatic procedure to extract the parameters of the RC circuit from pulse discharge tests, based on a Multi-Linear Regression Model approach. The electrical and thermal performance of the model was validated with dynamic and static measured data: the mean square error of the voltage prediction in dynamic conditions is 0.00027 V2. In static conditions, the mean square error of the voltage and temperature predictions are 0.014 V2 and 2.28 °C2, respectively. This model, due to its ease of application, can be used as a tool to define new modules architecture, as well as to support the design of the battery cooling system.

ACS Style

Manuel Antonio Perez Estevez; Sandro Calligaro; Omar Bottesi; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi. An electro-thermal model and its electrical parameters estimation procedure in a lithium-ion battery cell. Energy 2021, 234, 121296 .

AMA Style

Manuel Antonio Perez Estevez, Sandro Calligaro, Omar Bottesi, Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi. An electro-thermal model and its electrical parameters estimation procedure in a lithium-ion battery cell. Energy. 2021; 234 ():121296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Antonio Perez Estevez; Sandro Calligaro; Omar Bottesi; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi. 2021. "An electro-thermal model and its electrical parameters estimation procedure in a lithium-ion battery cell." Energy 234, no. : 121296.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2021 in Energies
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Power generation units based on the bio-syngas system face two main challenges due to (i) the possible temporary shortage of primary sources and (ii) the engine power derating associated with the use of low-energy density fuels in combustion engines. In both cases, an external input fuel is provided. Hence, complementing syngas with traditional fuels, like natural gas, becomes a necessity. In this work, an experimental methodology is proposed, aiming at the quantification of the impact of the use of both natural gas and syngas in spark ignition (SI) engines on performance and emissions. The main research questions focus on investigating brake thermal efficiency (BTE), power derating, and pollutant emission (NOx, CO, THC, CO2) formation, offering quantitative findings that present the basis for engine optimization procedures. Experimental measurements were performed on a Toyota 4Y-E engine (a 4-cylinders, 4-stroke spark ignition engine) at partial load (10 kW) under different syngas energy shares (SES) and at four different spark ignition timings (10°, 25°, 35° and 45° BTDC). Results reveal that the impact of the different fuel mixtures on BTE is negligible if compared to the influence of spark advance variation on BTE. On the other hand, power derating has proven to be a limiting factor and becomes more prominent with increasing SES. An increasing SES also resulted in an increase of CO and CO2 emissions, while NOx and THC emissions decreased with increasing SES.

ACS Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Urban Žvar Baškovič; Massimiliano Renzi; Tine Seljak; Samuel Rodman Oprešnik; Marco Baratieri; Tomaž Katrašnik. Complementing Syngas with Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines for Power Production: Effects on Emissions and Combustion. Energies 2021, 14, 3688 .

AMA Style

Carlo Caligiuri, Urban Žvar Baškovič, Massimiliano Renzi, Tine Seljak, Samuel Rodman Oprešnik, Marco Baratieri, Tomaž Katrašnik. Complementing Syngas with Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines for Power Production: Effects on Emissions and Combustion. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Urban Žvar Baškovič; Massimiliano Renzi; Tine Seljak; Samuel Rodman Oprešnik; Marco Baratieri; Tomaž Katrašnik. 2021. "Complementing Syngas with Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines for Power Production: Effects on Emissions and Combustion." Energies 14, no. 12: 3688.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2021 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Hydropower is an important energy sector deployed all over the World with a significant share in the global electricity production. Due to the ongoing climate changes, the lack of water in summer periods compromises the performance of hydraulic machines, whose efficiency quickly decreases when they operate at strong part-load conditions.Among the most known hydraulic turbines, Pelton is suitable to be used with high geodetic heights and relatively low flow rates. When dealing with flow rates 30% lower than the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), the efficiency drastically decreases mainly due to the non-uniform velocity profiles of the water jets coming out from the nozzles. The quality of the jet is affected by the distributor geometry, bending pipes and spear valves with the respective supports located upstream.The aim of this work is to investigate different velocity profiles of the water jet coming out from a Pelton nozzle geometry by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations performed by ANSYS® Fluent solver. Four different spear valve angles were simulated on a 2D-axisymmetric geometry, starting from a reference case of = 50° with increasing steps of 5°, maintaining a fixed positioning of the spear valve that corresponds to a partial load operation of the machine.In addition, also a 3D simulation has been carried out and the streamlines along a symmetry plane are shown. The results of the 3D simulations were compared to the 2D-axisymmetric ones taking into account the aforementioned reference case, showing how this last simplification of the computational domain leads to almost the same macroscopic results.

ACS Style

D. Stivala; M. Rossi; M. Renzi. Velocity profiles in a water jet of a Pelton nozzle: CFD simulations on both 2D and 3D geometries. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021, 774, 012106 .

AMA Style

D. Stivala, M. Rossi, M. Renzi. Velocity profiles in a water jet of a Pelton nozzle: CFD simulations on both 2D and 3D geometries. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021; 774 (1):012106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Stivala; M. Rossi; M. Renzi. 2021. "Velocity profiles in a water jet of a Pelton nozzle: CFD simulations on both 2D and 3D geometries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 774, no. 1: 012106.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Energy Reports
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Management strategies of complex energy systems composed by different technologies is mandatory to exploit optimally the characteristics of each power generator, to reduce the cost of energy, the impact of greenhouse gases emissions and to increase the penetration of mini- and micro-grids into energy systems. To this purpose, optimization methods and algorithms have to be developed to assess the unit commitment of generators and to suggest decision variables in the definition of the emission costs. In this paper, a novel Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization algorithm has been developed to compute the optimal management of a micro-energy grid composed either by four Internal Combustion Generators (ICGs), or three ICGs and a Micro Gas Turbine (MGT). The algorithm optimizes a multi objective function that takes in consideration the total cost, the NOx and the CO2 emissions of the system, while setting some technological constraints, like start-ups and transients that are typically neglected. Moreover, different fuelling of the devices is evaluated. The model proved the importance of including an accurate model of the greenhouse gases emissions as they can significantly affect the optimization results. Furthermore, it proved to be very flexible and to be a proper basis to be adopted in more complex systems embedding energy storage devices and renewable energy systems.

ACS Style

Francesco F. Nicolosi; Jacopo C. Alberizzi; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi. Unit commitment optimization of a micro-grid with a MILP algorithm: Role of the emissions, bio-fuels and power generation technology. Energy Reports 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Francesco F. Nicolosi, Jacopo C. Alberizzi, Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi. Unit commitment optimization of a micro-grid with a MILP algorithm: Role of the emissions, bio-fuels and power generation technology. Energy Reports. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco F. Nicolosi; Jacopo C. Alberizzi; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi. 2021. "Unit commitment optimization of a micro-grid with a MILP algorithm: Role of the emissions, bio-fuels and power generation technology." Energy Reports , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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A truly universal system to optimize consumptions, monitor operation and predict maintenance interventions for internal combustion engines must be independent of onboard systems, if present. One of the least invasive methods of detecting engine performance involves the measurement of the exhaust gas temperature (EGT), which can be related to the instant torque through thermodynamic relations. The practical implementation of such a system requires great care since its torque-predictive capabilities are strongly influenced by the position chosen for the temperature-detection point(s) along the exhaust line, specific for each engine, the type of installation for the thermocouples, and the thermal characteristics of the interposed materials. After performing some preliminary tests at the dynamometric brake on a compression-ignition engine for agricultural purposes equipped with three thermocouples at different points in the exhaust duct, a novel procedure was developed to: (1) tune a CFD-FVM-model of the exhaust pipe and determine many unknown thermodynamic parameters concerning the engine (including the real EGT at the exhaust valve outlet in some engine operative conditions), (2) use the CFD-FVM results to considerably increase the predictive capability of an indirect torque-detection strategy based on the EGT. The joint use of the CFD-FVM software, Response Surface Method, and specific optimization algorithms was fundamental to these aims and granted the experimenters a full mastery of systems’ non-linearity and a maximum relative error on the torque estimations of 2.9%.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Torque Prediction Model of a CI Engine for Agricultural Purposes Based on Exhaust Gas Temperatures and CFD-FVM Methodologies Validated with Experimental Tests. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3892 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Francesco Selmo, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Torque Prediction Model of a CI Engine for Agricultural Purposes Based on Exhaust Gas Temperatures and CFD-FVM Methodologies Validated with Experimental Tests. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2021. "Torque Prediction Model of a CI Engine for Agricultural Purposes Based on Exhaust Gas Temperatures and CFD-FVM Methodologies Validated with Experimental Tests." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3892.

Original research article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Frontiers in Energy Research
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Technologies capable of efficiently exploiting unavoidable CO2 streams, have to be deeply investigated and deployed during the transition phase to achieve long-term climate neutrality targets. Among the technologies, Molten Carbonate Cells (MCC) Operating in Electrolysis Mode (MCEC) represents a promising facility to valorize CO2-rich waste streams, which are typically available in industrial plants, by their conversion into a high-value H2/CO syngas. These gaseous products can be reintegrated in a plant or reused in different applications. This study analyzes the integration of a system of the MCEC unit under different operating conditions in terms of composition, current density, and the utilization of fuels in a steam-reforming process of an Italian oil refinery via a mixed experimental-simulative approach. The aim of the current study is to assess the improvement in the overall product yield and further impacts of the MCEC unit on the plant efficiency. The results have shown that it is possible to obtain an electrochemical Specific Energy Consumption for the production of H2 of 3.24 kWh/ Nm H 2 3 using the MCEC, whereby the possible integration of a 1-MWe module with a reformer of the proposed plant not only increases the hydrogen yield but also decreases the amount of fuel needed to assist the reforming reaction and separates a CO2 stream after additional purification via an oxy-fuel combustor, consequently determining lower greenhouse gases emissions.

ACS Style

Andrea Monforti Ferrario; Francesca Santoni; Massimiliano Della Pietra; Mosè Rossi; Nicola Piacente; Gabriele Comodi; Luca Simonetti. A System Integration Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Electrolysis Cell as an Off-Gas Recovery System in a Steam-Reforming Process of an Oil Refinery. Frontiers in Energy Research 2021, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Andrea Monforti Ferrario, Francesca Santoni, Massimiliano Della Pietra, Mosè Rossi, Nicola Piacente, Gabriele Comodi, Luca Simonetti. A System Integration Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Electrolysis Cell as an Off-Gas Recovery System in a Steam-Reforming Process of an Oil Refinery. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2021; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Monforti Ferrario; Francesca Santoni; Massimiliano Della Pietra; Mosè Rossi; Nicola Piacente; Gabriele Comodi; Luca Simonetti. 2021. "A System Integration Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Electrolysis Cell as an Off-Gas Recovery System in a Steam-Reforming Process of an Oil Refinery." Frontiers in Energy Research 9, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in Fuel
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Fuel viscosity can affect engine performance: 24 ternary blends were studied. 408 lab tests allow to model viscosity as a function of biodiesel/bioethanol shares. Some trials on a tractor allowed modelling the effect of fuel viscosity on torque. Fuel viscosity is a good indicator of motor performance according to an ANOVA study. Optimal fuel blends can be defined in order to optimize torque output of the engine. The partial replacement of conventional fuels with “bio-based” fuels represents a viable energy strategy for cleaner distributed-power generation (agricultural/co-generative units). Although internal combustion engines represent a well-established technology, they will continue to play a crucial role in this energy revolution thanks to their flexibility of use and reliability. Considering compression-ignition engines, the fuel change is simple and requires no modification. Yet some critical issues related to different fuel viscosity may arise. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate with a mixed experimental–numerical approach: (a) the kinematic viscosity of many fuel blends (diesel oil-biodiesel-bioethanol) at the standard temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C, and (b) the effects of the fuel viscosity on engine performance. The data and the mathematical model obtained through the Response Surface Methodology allowed observing that: (a) the fuel-feed system should include a preheater to obtain the same fuel viscosity in blends as in pump diesel oil and avoid issues in the fuel feed; (b) the viscosity at 40 °C progressively increases by 38% (from 3.03 to 4.18 mm2 s−1) as the biodiesel percentage in the blend spans from 0 to 100%; (c) bioethanol fluidizes the blends, reducing the viscosity by about 2% per percentage point of bioethanol in the blend. Also, some trials on a farm tractor fuelled with some of these blends allowed to identify that ternary blends with a viscosity > 3.33 mm2 s−1, whatever the composition within the validity ranges of models (0 ≤ biodiesel ≤ 100, 0 ≤ bioethanol ≤ 3), give rise to the maximum torque increment.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Anna Bolla; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. The kinematic viscosity of conventional and bio-based fuel blends as a key parameter to indirectly estimate the performance of compression-ignition engines for agricultural purposes. Fuel 2021, 298, 120817 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Anna Bolla, Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. The kinematic viscosity of conventional and bio-based fuel blends as a key parameter to indirectly estimate the performance of compression-ignition engines for agricultural purposes. Fuel. 2021; 298 ():120817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Anna Bolla; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2021. "The kinematic viscosity of conventional and bio-based fuel blends as a key parameter to indirectly estimate the performance of compression-ignition engines for agricultural purposes." Fuel 298, no. : 120817.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) from energy intensive industries has a great potential in curbing CO2 emissions. Among the different solutions, District Heating (DH) is considered of major interest, satisfying the heating demand of users in the proximity of power plants. Considering the energy intensity of the pulp and paper industry, a method for evaluating the recovery potential of its low-grade waste heat from cogeneration plants in DH is presented. The proposed method allows to evaluate the thermal power from cogeneration plants to end users and to assess the potential maximum number of residential buildings that could be connected to each DH network. Based on the proposed method, the benefits of the WHR are evaluated from both energy and environmental points of view. More precisely, considering 50 pulp and paper mills in Italy under investigation in the present analysis, a yearly natural gas saving corresponding to 143.76 kTonnes of Oil Equivalent (TOE) and 333.11 ktCO2 is obtained. In case of WHR, the average Primary Energy Saving (PES) of the cogeneration plants increases from 0.14 up to 0.22. In particular, cogeneration units based on steam turbine technology show the greatest improvement, since its average PES moved from 0 up to almost 0.1.

ACS Style

Luca Cioccolanti; Massimiliano Renzi; Gabriele Comodi; Mosè Rossi. District heating potential in the case of low-grade waste heat recovery from energy intensive industries. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 191, 116851 .

AMA Style

Luca Cioccolanti, Massimiliano Renzi, Gabriele Comodi, Mosè Rossi. District heating potential in the case of low-grade waste heat recovery from energy intensive industries. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 191 ():116851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Cioccolanti; Massimiliano Renzi; Gabriele Comodi; Mosè Rossi. 2021. "District heating potential in the case of low-grade waste heat recovery from energy intensive industries." Applied Thermal Engineering 191, no. : 116851.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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Energy recovery solutions reduce considerably the carbon footprint of Water Supply Systems (WSSs), which accounts for a large share of the energy demand in urban areas. The evaluation of the potential saving requires the availability of water flow rate and net head values in WSSs pipelines; however, this task is not always achievable since flow meters are costly and not installed in all the pipelines. In this paper, a novel methodology to predict the yearly average flow rate in gravity adduction pipelines is presented and validated using measured data coming from a WSS in Italy. A methodology already developed by some of the authors of this work was used to select Pump-as-Turbines (PaTs) and evaluate their Best Efficiency Point (BEP) to maximize the energy recovery. Two different installation layouts were investigated, namely one PaT and two PaTs in parallel, to be installed in the selected branches. The first one showed the best economic profitability, leading to a saving of 1325 €/year and a PayBack Period (PBP) of 11 years. The branch with the highest energy recovery potential led to a saving of 4915 €/year and a PBP of 6 years. Energy Efficiency Certificates (ECCs) were considered, highlighting their pivotal role to lower PBPs.

ACS Style

Samuele Spedaletti; Mosè Rossi; Gabriele Comodi; Danilo Salvi; Massimiliano Renzi. Energy recovery in gravity adduction pipelines of a water supply system (WSS) for urban areas using Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs). Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 45, 101040 .

AMA Style

Samuele Spedaletti, Mosè Rossi, Gabriele Comodi, Danilo Salvi, Massimiliano Renzi. Energy recovery in gravity adduction pipelines of a water supply system (WSS) for urban areas using Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs). Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 45 ():101040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuele Spedaletti; Mosè Rossi; Gabriele Comodi; Danilo Salvi; Massimiliano Renzi. 2021. "Energy recovery in gravity adduction pipelines of a water supply system (WSS) for urban areas using Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs)." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 45, no. : 101040.

Conference paper
Published: 16 February 2021 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Li-ion cells are one of the core components for the actual and future electric mobility. Differently from other types of applications and due to the high charge/discharge rates, the thermal-related issues in batteries for mobility are drastically relevant and can affect the reliability, the safety and the performance of the system. Indeed, limited temperature differences within a battery pack have a significant impact on its efficiency, thus it is important to predict and control the cell and battery pack temperature distribution. In the proposed study, a CFD analysis has been carried out to quantify the temperature and heat distribution on a single li-ion pouch cell. The main objective of this work is to determine the temperature imbalance on the cell and the required cooling load in order to be able to correctly design the cooling system and the best module architecture. The internal heat generation occurs as a result of electrochemical reactions taking place during charge and discharge of batteries. An electric model of the cell allows to assess the thermal power generation; the model parameters are changed according to the operative conditions to improve the accuracy, specifically to take into account varying temperature conditions and C-rates. The high accuracy of the model with respect to experimental data shows the potentiality of the proposed approach to support the optimization of Li-ion modules cooling systems and architecture design.

ACS Style

Manuel Antonio Perez Estevez; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi. A CFD thermal analysis and validation of a Li-ion pouch cell under different temperatures conditions. E3S Web of Conferences 2021, 238, 09003 .

AMA Style

Manuel Antonio Perez Estevez, Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi. A CFD thermal analysis and validation of a Li-ion pouch cell under different temperatures conditions. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021; 238 ():09003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Antonio Perez Estevez; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi. 2021. "A CFD thermal analysis and validation of a Li-ion pouch cell under different temperatures conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 238, no. : 09003.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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The replacement of fossil fuels for producing energy with renewable sources is crucial to limit the climate change effects. However, the unpredictable nature of renewables, like sun and wind, complicates their integration within the power systems. This problem can be faced with the introduction of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) where several energy sources can be incorporated. A key aspect is the assessment of the HRES configuration, which is fundamental to obtain a feasible system from both technical and economic points of view. In this paper, a novel Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization algorithm has been developed to design a tool capable of assessing the optimal sizing of a HRES. The algorithm has been applied to a real case study of a mountain hut located in South-Tyrol (Italy) with a hybrid system composed by solar, wind and diesel generators together with a battery storage. The algorithm compares several scenarios providing the optimal configurations of the HRES, which are characterized by different costs and energy deficits. This tool helps engineers to identify the best trade-off between costs and energy deficits in the planning phase of a HRES, still granting the demand of the users as well as the constraints.

ACS Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi; Joaquim Meléndez Frigola; Mosè Rossi; Massimiliano Renzi. Optimal sizing of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Importance of data selection with highly variable renewable energy sources. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 223, 113303 .

AMA Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi, Joaquim Meléndez Frigola, Mosè Rossi, Massimiliano Renzi. Optimal sizing of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Importance of data selection with highly variable renewable energy sources. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 223 ():113303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi; Joaquim Meléndez Frigola; Mosè Rossi; Massimiliano Renzi. 2020. "Optimal sizing of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Importance of data selection with highly variable renewable energy sources." Energy Conversion and Management 223, no. : 113303.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

David Štefan; Mosè Rossi; Martin Hudec; Pavel Rudolf; Alessandra Nigro; Massimiliano Renzi. Study of the internal flow field in a pump-as-turbine (PaT): Numerical investigation, overall performance prediction model and velocity vector analysis. Renewable Energy 2020, 156, 158 -172.

AMA Style

David Štefan, Mosè Rossi, Martin Hudec, Pavel Rudolf, Alessandra Nigro, Massimiliano Renzi. Study of the internal flow field in a pump-as-turbine (PaT): Numerical investigation, overall performance prediction model and velocity vector analysis. Renewable Energy. 2020; 156 ():158-172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Štefan; Mosè Rossi; Martin Hudec; Pavel Rudolf; Alessandra Nigro; Massimiliano Renzi. 2020. "Study of the internal flow field in a pump-as-turbine (PaT): Numerical investigation, overall performance prediction model and velocity vector analysis." Renewable Energy 156, no. : 158-172.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2020 in Renewable Energy
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This work presents a model based on analytical equations to identify the Best Efficiency Point (BEP) of Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs). The equations are developed exploiting an experimental data-set of 59 PaTs, obtained in both pump and turbine modes, in form of non-dimensional parameters. Data analysis shows a linear correlation between specific speeds in pump and turbine modes, as well as between specific diameters in both operating modes. In addition, the prediction of the PaT efficiency in turbine mode, whose evaluation is often disregarded in literature works, is presented: a second order polynomial equation to forecast the mechanical efficiency of PaTs in turbine mode is developed using the values of specific speed and mechanical efficiency in pump mode as independent variables. Performance experimental data of four PaTs, which were not used in the development of the model, are employed to validate and assess the accuracy of the proposed analytical equations. The prediction capability of the model is also compared to other four models available in literature. Results demonstrate a good forecast capability and a general better agreement with experimental data. A further improvement of the model can be achieved by extending the experimental data-set with additional PaTs typologies.

ACS Style

Massimiliano Renzi; Alessandra Nigro; Mosè Rossi. A methodology to forecast the main non-dimensional performance parameters of pumps-as-turbines (PaTs) operating at Best Efficiency Point (BEP). Renewable Energy 2020, 160, 16 -25.

AMA Style

Massimiliano Renzi, Alessandra Nigro, Mosè Rossi. A methodology to forecast the main non-dimensional performance parameters of pumps-as-turbines (PaTs) operating at Best Efficiency Point (BEP). Renewable Energy. 2020; 160 ():16-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimiliano Renzi; Alessandra Nigro; Mosè Rossi. 2020. "A methodology to forecast the main non-dimensional performance parameters of pumps-as-turbines (PaTs) operating at Best Efficiency Point (BEP)." Renewable Energy 160, no. : 16-25.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Applied Energy
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Chemical plants like oil refineries involve energy intensive processes. Several energy efficiency interventions are being performed in oil refineries to meet the latest emission targets, but few of them are related to the energy recovery from process liquids. In this paper, an energy recovery study of an Italian oil refinery is presented: specifically, a Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine (HPRT), coupled with the shaft of the feed pump used in the same process, is used to replace a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV). The machine is installed in the H2S removal process and it exploits the Selexol® solvent. A new model that predicts the Best Efficiency Point (BEP) of the HPRT in turbine mode when handling liquids different from water is discussed and validated through operational BEP data. The HPRT supplies 349.3 kW to the feed pump, leading to a yearly electric energy recovery of 2966 MWh and a maximum PayBack Period (PBP) close to 9 years considering the installation, the Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CDE) allowances and both operational and maintenance costs. The obtained PBP is quite high, but the installation costs would be fairly lower if the HPRT is already considered in the design phase of the chemical process.

ACS Style

Mosè Rossi; Gabriele Comodi; Nicola Piacente; Massimiliano Renzi. Energy recovery in oil refineries by means of a Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine (HPRT) handling viscous liquids. Applied Energy 2020, 270, 115097 .

AMA Style

Mosè Rossi, Gabriele Comodi, Nicola Piacente, Massimiliano Renzi. Energy recovery in oil refineries by means of a Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine (HPRT) handling viscous liquids. Applied Energy. 2020; 270 ():115097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mosè Rossi; Gabriele Comodi; Nicola Piacente; Massimiliano Renzi. 2020. "Energy recovery in oil refineries by means of a Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine (HPRT) handling viscous liquids." Applied Energy 270, no. : 115097.

Conference paper
Published: 20 May 2020 in 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings
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Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Experimental problem of indirectly detecting engine torque delivered by agricultural machines through exhaust gas temperature. 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Francesco Selmo, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Experimental problem of indirectly detecting engine torque delivered by agricultural machines through exhaust gas temperature. 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "Experimental problem of indirectly detecting engine torque delivered by agricultural machines through exhaust gas temperature." 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Energy Reports
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Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi; Mosè Rossi; Massimiliano Renzi. A MILP algorithm for the optimal sizing of an off-grid​ hybrid renewable energy system in South Tyrol. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 21 -26.

AMA Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi, Mosè Rossi, Massimiliano Renzi. A MILP algorithm for the optimal sizing of an off-grid​ hybrid renewable energy system in South Tyrol. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():21-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi; Mosè Rossi; Massimiliano Renzi. 2020. "A MILP algorithm for the optimal sizing of an off-grid​ hybrid renewable energy system in South Tyrol." Energy Reports 6, no. : 21-26.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2019 in Energies
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The use of Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs) to replace hydraulic turbines as energy-recovery units in industrial and civil applications is widening the penetration of hydropower in small-scale plants. PaTs show advantages in terms of installation costs and the availability of solutions. Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) represent a potential application where PaTs can be installed to recover water-pressure energy. In this work, a MATLAB©–Simulink model of a WDN branch located in South-Tyrol (Italy) was developed. The flow rate of the WDN was assessed though a measurement campaign showing high daily variability, which negatively affect PaT performance. To let the machine operate close to the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), four different operating strategies were studied to meet the constraint of a fixed pressure equal to 4 bar downstream the WDN branch, required to supply water to users. A PaT speed control strategy was implemented, granting better exploitation of flow rates even in the presence of high daily fluctuations. Energy recovery was 23% higher than that of the reference thanks to an advanced strategy based on controlling PaT rotational speed when the flow rate is smaller than that of the design, and operating in off-design conditions when flow rate is higher than that of the BEP.

ACS Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi; Massimiliano Renzi; Maurizio Righetti; Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo; Mosè Rossi. Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates. Energies 2019, 12, 4738 .

AMA Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi, Massimiliano Renzi, Maurizio Righetti, Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo, Mosè Rossi. Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates. Energies. 2019; 12 (24):4738.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi; Massimiliano Renzi; Maurizio Righetti; Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo; Mosè Rossi. 2019. "Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates." Energies 12, no. 24: 4738.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Energy
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Claudio Campana; Luca Cioccolanti; Massimiliano Renzi; Flavio Caresana. Experimental analysis of a small-scale scroll expander for low-temperature waste heat recovery in Organic Rankine Cycle. Energy 2019, 187, 1 .

AMA Style

Claudio Campana, Luca Cioccolanti, Massimiliano Renzi, Flavio Caresana. Experimental analysis of a small-scale scroll expander for low-temperature waste heat recovery in Organic Rankine Cycle. Energy. 2019; 187 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Campana; Luca Cioccolanti; Massimiliano Renzi; Flavio Caresana. 2019. "Experimental analysis of a small-scale scroll expander for low-temperature waste heat recovery in Organic Rankine Cycle." Energy 187, no. : 1.