John Milledge

Dr. John Milledge

Faculty of Engineering and Science, Algae Biotechnology Research Group, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
orcid

Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

45Years (1982-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

View All Publications
31 October 2012 in Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
PDF file
John MilledgeJohn Milledge
John Milledge
SHSonia Heaven
Sonia Heaven

19 August 2010 in Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
PDF file
John MilledgeJohn Milledge
John Milledge

7 November 2014 in Energies
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
John MilledgeJohn Milledge
John Milledge
BSBen Smith
Ben Smith
PDPhilip W. Dyer
Philip W. Dyer
PHPatricia J Harvey
Patricia J Harvey
The potential of algal biomass as a source of liquid and gaseous biofuels is a highly topical theme, but as yet there is no successful economically viable commercial system producing biofuel. However, the majority of the research has focused on producing fuels from microalgae rather than from macroalgae. This article briefly reviews the methods by which useful energy may be extracted from macroalgae biomass including: direct combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, trans-esterification to biodiesel, hydrothermal liquefaction, fermentation to bioethanol, fermentation to biobutanol and anaerobic digestion, and explores technical and engineering difficulties that remain to be resolved.

Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
John MilledgeJohn Milledge
John Milledge
PHPatricia J Harvey
Patricia J Harvey
In recent years there have been massive inundations of pelagic Sargassum, known as golden tides, on the beaches of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and West Africa, causing considerable damage to the local economy and environment. Commercial exploration of this biomass for food, fuel, and pharmaceutical products could fund clean-up and offset the economic impact of these golden tides. This paper reviews the potential uses and obstacles for exploitation of pelagic Sargassum. Although Sargassum has considerable potential as a source of biochemicals, feed, food, fertiliser, and fuel, variable and undefined composition together with the possible presence of marine pollutants may make golden tides unsuitable for food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals and limit their use in feed and fertilisers. Discontinuous and unreliable supply of Sargassum also presents considerable challenges. Low-cost methods of preservation such as solar drying and ensiling may address the problem of discontinuity. The use of processes that can handle a variety of biological and waste feedstocks in addition to Sargassum is a solution to unreliable supply, and anaerobic digestion for the production of biogas is one such process. More research is needed to characterise golden tides and identify and develop commercial products and processes.

26 March 2019 in Energies
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
John MilledgeJohn Milledge
John Milledge
Birthe NielsenBirthe Nielsen
Birthe Nielsen
SMSupattra Maneein
Supattra Maneein
PHPatricia J Harvey
Patricia J Harvey
The potential of algal biomass as a source of liquid and gaseous biofuels has been the subject of considerable research over the past few decades, with researchers strongly agreeing that algae have the potential of becoming a viable aquatic energy crop with a higher energy potential compared to that from either terrestrial biomass or municipal solid waste. However, neither microalgae nor seaweed are currently cultivated solely for energy purposes due to the high costs of harvesting, concentrating and drying. Anaerobic digestion of algal biomass could theoretically reduce costs associated with drying wet biomass before processing, but practical yields of biogas from digestion of many algae are substantially below the theoretical maximum. New processing methods are needed to reduce costs and increase the net energy balance. This review examines the biochemical and structural properties of seaweeds and of microalgal biomass that has been produced as part of the treatment of wastewater, and discusses some of the significant hurdles and recent initiatives for producing biogas from their anaerobic digestion.

5 October 2015 in Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
PDF file
John MilledgeJohn Milledge
John Milledge
Birthe NielsenBirthe Nielsen
Birthe Nielsen
DBDavid Bailey
David Bailey