The needs of modern regenerative medicine for biodegradable polymers are wide and varied. Restoration of the viability of the vascular tree is one of the most important components of the preservation of the usefulness of organs and tissues. The creation of vascular implants compatible with blood is an important task of vascular bioengineering. The function of the endothelial layer of the vessel, being largely responsible for the development of thrombotic complications, is of great importance for hemocompatibility. The development of surfaces with specific characteristics of biomaterials that are used in vascular technologies is one of the solutions for their correct endothelialization. Linear polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable structural polymeric materials suitable for obtaining various types of implants and tissue engineering, having a wide range of structural and physicomechanical properties. The use of PHA of various monomeric compositions in endothelial cultivation makes it possible to evaluate the influence of material properties, especially surface characteristics, on the functional state of cells. It has been established that PHA samples with the inclusion of 3-hydroxyhexanoate have optimal characteristics for the formation of a human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUVEC, monolayer in terms of cell morphology as well as the levels of expression of vinculin and VE-cadherin. The obtained results provide a rationale for the use of PHA copolymers as materials for direct contact with the endothelium in vascular implants.

The effect of surface relief profiles of alkanoate-based bionanofilms to the monocyte-macrophages (MN-MPhs) from peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis was studied in vitro. Patients were subjected to coronary stenting. Cell morphology and phenotype (expression of CD antigens, levels of production of marker cytokines) in vitro were analyzed before and after the installation of stents. It was shown, that the mean square roughness (Rq) of the bionanofilms determined the variability of cell morphology, CD antigens spectraand activity of production interleukins-6 and -10. Also, it was revealed, that the “activity” of the surface topography of biopolymer substrates depends on the functional state of MNs, isolated in different time points: Before and after stenting the ratios of cell morphotypes and production of cytokines in MN-MPhs differed significantly.

This multidisciplinary work is an attempt to synthesize advances in ferrihydrite (Fh, Fe₁₀O₁₄(OH)₂·nH₂O) research and applications ranging from physics to nanoagriculture. Fh nanoforms obtained via chemical or “green” synthesis methods using various bacterial cultures display unique catalytic and enzyme-like properties, surface reactivity, and magnetic properties. SAXS and SANS, supported by model-dependent fitting (FITTER) and model-independent ATSAS tools (Guinier approximation, p(r) function, and ab initio reconstruction), together with Porod-law and fractal analysis, provide a coherent multi-scale picture. Biogenic nanoparticles produced by Klebsiella oxytoca are built from 1–2 nm crystallites embedded in an organic matrix and exhibit a cultivation-dependent, hierarchical architecture: e.g., Fe12 yields a two-level hierarchical structure, whereas Fe34 produces a sponge-like surface. SANS further reveals that ferrihydrite nanoparticles in complex with lactate dehydrogenase form a core–shell bionanocomposite. The practical applications lie primarily in the biomedical field and plant cultivation, with significant implications for medicine and food production. A more thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms, as well as studies to determine precise dosages and application methods, is critical. Investigating the biological activity of Fh NPs under both physiological and pathological conditions will facilitate the development of biologically informed engineering strategies for new Fh-based agents aimed at treating serious human diseases, improving plant mineral nutrition, protecting plants from phytopathogens, and remediating soil. Future directions include engineering nano-agrochemicals by functionalizing nanoforms tailored to specific crop types and soils with distinct physicochemical properties.