Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is an important ornamental and medicinal plant suffering from many viruses and viroids worldwide. In this study, a new carlavirus, tentatively named Chinese isolate of Carya illinoinensis carlavirus 1 (CiCV1-CN), was identified from chrysanthemum plants in Zhejiang Province, China. The genome sequence of CiCV1-CN was 8795 nucleotides (nt) in length, with a 68-nt 5′-untranslated region (UTR) and a 76-nt 3′-UTR, which contained six predicted open reading frames (ORFs) that encode six corresponding proteins of various sizes. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length genome and coat protein sequences revealed that CiCV1-CN is in an evolutionary branch with chrysanthemum virus R (CVR) in the Carlavirus genus. Pairwise sequence identity analysis showed that, except for CiCV1, CiCV1-CN has the highest whole-genome sequence identity of 71.3% to CVR-X6. At the amino acid level, the highest identities of predicted proteins encoded by the ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5, and ORF6 of CiCV1-CN were 77.1% in the CVR-X21 ORF1, 80.3% in the CVR-X13 ORF2, 74.8% in the CVR-X21 ORF3, 60.9% in the CVR-BJ ORF4, 90.2% in the CVR-X6 and CVR-TX ORF5s, and 79.4% in the CVR-X21 ORF6. Furthermore, we also found a transient expression of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) encoded by the ORF6 of CiCV1-CN in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a potato virus X-based vector, which can result in a downward leaf curl and hypersensitive cell death over the time course. These results demonstrated that CiCV1-CN is a pathogenic virus and C. morifolium is a natural host of CiCV1.

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GP) exerted protective effects in an aging mouse model administered with D-galactose, and its mechanism was revealed. GP increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced malondialdehyde levels in the brain and serum, alleviated D-galactose–induced damage to the liver, and ameliorated mild cognitive impairment. Abundance of the gut microbiota differed significantly between GP and control groups. GP alleviated liver and brain injuries by regulating oxidative stress and modulating the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota.

To investigate the protective effect of collagen peptide fromMicropterus salmoidesskin (CPMs) on oxidative damage induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Balb/c female mice were divided into blank, model (cyclophosphamide, CTX), positive control (levamisole hydrochloride), and collagen peptide low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. The results showed that CPMs increase the body mass and immune-related organ indexes, such as liver and kidneys of immunosuppressed mice. The activities of ALT, AST, UA, BUN, and MDA in the liver and kidney tissues decreased significantly, while those of SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly. CPMs can relieve the pathological damage to immune organs. CPMs significantly increase the activities of IL-2, IgG, and TNF-α in serum and SOD activity, while the MDA content was decreased compared to the model group. CPMs can exert a protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage and have application prospects in the field of health food.

UV-B radiation is a significant environmental factor that affects a wide range of biological processes in plants. Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), a critical herbaceous plant native to high altitudes, shows strong adaptation to environmental stimuli including UV-B radiation. Despite the importance of maca for studying high-altitude adaptation, comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic data on the response of maca to UV-B are lacking. This study used integrated comparative transcriptomics and proteomics to examine the gene and protein expression in maca leaves exposed to UV-B radiation for 0, 12, 24, and 36 h. As a result, 7255 significant differentially expressed genes and 257 differentially expressed proteins were identified following UV-B exposure. Bioinformatics revealed that UV-B radiation induced complex changes in the transcriptome and proteome of maca, affecting energy, carbohydrate, nucleotide, and glycan metabolism. Enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses highlighted the "glutathione metabolism" pathway as significantly upregulated upon UV-B radiation. Quantitative PCR of eight genes associated with this pathway revealed that seven exhibited significant transcriptional upregulation, highlighting the critical role of this pathway in maca response to UV-B radiation. Glutathione content measurement and inhibition assays demonstrated that disruption of the "glutathione metabolism" pathway led to a significant reduction in UV-B-induced total glutathione, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione levels. This further supports the conclusion that the "glutathione metabolism" pathway plays a crucial role in maca's response to UV-B radiation. The transcriptomic and proteomic data presented here provide valuable insights into the functional aspects and molecular response mechanisms of maca plants to UV-B radiation.

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of dietary supplementation of pomelo peel on growth performance, serum biochemistry, immune response, antioxidant activity, gut morphology and microorganism communities in weaned Hu lambs. Thirty healthy Hu lambs with the similar weight were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (basal diet); the PL10 group (basal diet mixed with 10% pomelo peel); the PH20 group (basal diet mixed with 20% pomelo peel). The results showed that pomelo peel had no significant effect on the growth performance of Hu lamb ( P >0.05). Antioxidant indices showed no statistical differences ( P > 0.05), but the PL10 group exhibited slightly higher T-AOC and GSH-PX. AST were significantly reduced in the PL10 group ( P < 0.05), indicating hepatoprotective effects. For immune indices, the serum interleukin-4 concentration was increased in the PL10 group than the CON group ( P < 0.05), analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that PL10 group had a significant increase in the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes and several beneficial bacterial genera. Furthermore, jejunal morphology was improved in the PL10 group, with an increased villus height to crypt depth ratio ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 10% pomelo peel improves gut health, immunity, and metabolic status in weaned Hu lambs, offering a sustainable strategy for agricultural by-product valorization.