The aim was to investigate the effect of silicon fertilizer with straw return in phosphorus efficiency and maize grain yield. In 2018 and 2019, two field experiments were established in Nong’an County, Jilin province China. Four treatments were arranged in a randomized block design: S+ Si1 (straw return + Silicon), S-Si1 (no straw return + Si), S+ Si0 (straw return + no Silicon) and S-Si0 (no straw return + no Silicon). The total uptake of phosphorus under the S+ Si1 increased by 22.9% compared to that under the S-Si0. Compared to S-Si0, the average recovery phosphorus efficiency, agronomic phosphorus efficiency, and partial factor productivity for S-Si1 increased by 16.7%, 34.7%, and 4.8%, respectively. The average of the recovery phosphorus efficiency, agronomic phosphorus efficiency, and partial factor productivity in S+ Si1 was 26.6%,44.6%, and 6.3% higher than that in S-Si0, respectively. The straw and grain yield were significantly higher under the S-Si1, which increased by 10.6% and 4.8% respectively than that S-Si0, and S+ Si1 significantly outperformed S-Si0 by 17.3% and 6.3% for straw and grain yield, respectively. Our results indicate that the application of silicon fertilizer with straw return improves soil available phosphorus, plant uptake, phosphorus efficiency to meet crop requirements, and increasing crop productivity.

Appropriate nutrient management practices are the determinant factors for maintaining good plant growth and development. The combination of inorganic fertilizers and straw may affect soil available micronutrients. The goals of this study were to determine the effects of Si fertilizers under straw return conditions on Si accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization in spring maize (Zea mays L.). A two-year field trial was conducted to investigate Si content accumulation and remobilization in spring maize under straw return conditions in Jilin Province. We evaluated Si accumulation and remobilization using four treatments: JS3 (straw return + 45 kg/hm² silicon), WS3 (no straw return + 45 kg/hm² silicon), JS0 (straw return + no silicon) and WS0 (no straw return + no silicon).The experimental results showed that the highest Si accumulation stage in maize occurred between the VT and R2 stages. The JS3 treatment accumulated 20.8% and 32.1% more Si, on average, than did the WS3 and WS0 treatments, respectively, at this stage. Different organs showed the same accumulation trend as the whole maize plant, but the Si remobilization amounts in distinct organs were the highest in the WS0 treatment. The total Si contribution to the grain in the WS0 treatment was 42.2% and 104.6% higher, on average, than those in the WS3 and JS3 treatments, respectively.This outcome showed that silicon fertilizer application could significantly increase silicon accumulation in maize plants and organs. Silicon fertilizer combined with straw returning not only further increased silicon accumulation but also reduced Si remobilization from the vegetative organs.