This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
We aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on a multistage 10 m shuttle run test (SRT) in healthy adults. For ANN-based VO2max estimation, 118 healthy Korean adults (59 men and 59 women) in their twenties and fifties (38.3 ± 11.8 years, men aged 37.8 ± 12.1 years, and women aged 38.8 ± 11.6 years) participated in this study; data included age, sex, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body composition (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), percent skeletal muscle, and percent body), 10 m SRT parameters (number of round trips and final speed), and VO2max by graded exercise test (GXT) using a treadmill. The best estimation results (R2 = 0.8206, adjusted R2 = 0.7010, root mean square error; RMSE = 3.1301) were obtained in case 3 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, SBP, DBP, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT), while the worst results (R2 = 0.7765, adjusted R2 = 0.7206, RMSE = 3.494) were obtained for case 1 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT). The estimation results of case 2 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT) were lower (R2 = 0.7909, adjusted R2 = 0.7072, RMSE = 3.3798) than those of case 3 and higher than those of case 1. However, all cases showed high performance (R2) in the estimation results. This brief report developed an ANN-based estimation model to predict the VO2max of healthy adults, and the model’s performance was confirmed to be excellent.
Hun-Young Park; Hoeryoung Jung; Seunghun Lee; Jeong-Weon Kim; Hong-Lae Cho; Sang-Seok Nam. Estimated Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Based on Multistage 10-m Shuttle Run Test in Healthy Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8510 .
AMA StyleHun-Young Park, Hoeryoung Jung, Seunghun Lee, Jeong-Weon Kim, Hong-Lae Cho, Sang-Seok Nam. Estimated Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Based on Multistage 10-m Shuttle Run Test in Healthy Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (16):8510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHun-Young Park; Hoeryoung Jung; Seunghun Lee; Jeong-Weon Kim; Hong-Lae Cho; Sang-Seok Nam. 2021. "Estimated Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Based on Multistage 10-m Shuttle Run Test in Healthy Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8510.
We investigated the effects of acute thermal stress (30 °C and 40 °C) and ordinary temperature (20 °C) on cardiorespiratory function, skeletal muscle oxygenation, and exercise performance in healthy men. Eleven healthy males (21.5 ± 2.3 years) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) using a cycle ergometer in each environmental condition (20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C) in a random order with an interval of 1 week between each test. Before the test, they were allowed to rest for 30 min in a given environmental condition. All dependent variables (body temperature, cardiorespiratory function parameters, skeletal muscle oxygenation profiles, and exercise performance) were measured at rest and during GXT. GXT was started at 50 W and increased by 25 W every 2 min until subjects were exhausted. Body temperature increased proportionally at rest and at the end of exercise as thermal stress increased. There were no differences in the rating of perceived exertion, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and carbon dioxide excretion between environmental conditions. Heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), and blood lactate levels were significantly higher at 30 °C and 40 °C than at 20 °C, and oxygen pulse was significantly lower at 40 °C than at 20 °C at various exercise loads. None of the skeletal muscle oxygenation profiles showed significant changes at rest or during exercise. Maximal oxygen uptake, peak power, and exercise time significantly decreased proportionally as thermal stress increased, and this decrease was most pronounced at 40 °C. Acute thermal stress induces a decrease in exercise performance via increased body temperature, HR, VE, and blood lactate levels and decreased oxygen pulse during load-homogenized exercise. This phenomenon was more prominent at 40 °C than at 30 °C and 20 °C.
Won-Sang Jung; Sung-Woo Kim; Hun-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Kiwon Lim. Effects of Acute Exposure to Thermal Stress on Cardiorespiratory Function, Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation, and Exercise Performance in Healthy Males. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7404 .
AMA StyleWon-Sang Jung, Sung-Woo Kim, Hun-Young Park, Jisu Kim, Kiwon Lim. Effects of Acute Exposure to Thermal Stress on Cardiorespiratory Function, Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation, and Exercise Performance in Healthy Males. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Sang Jung; Sung-Woo Kim; Hun-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Kiwon Lim. 2021. "Effects of Acute Exposure to Thermal Stress on Cardiorespiratory Function, Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation, and Exercise Performance in Healthy Males." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7404.
This review aims to summarize the health benefits of exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise training positively changes the physiological response in healthy subjects. Exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise could markedly increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake compared to that in normoxic conditions. Furthermore, post-exercise insulin sensitivity of T2DM patients increases more when exercising under hypoxic than under normoxic conditions. Regular exercise under short-term hypoxic conditions can improve blood glucose control at lower workloads than in normoxic conditions. Additionally, exercise training under short-term hypoxic conditions can maximize weight loss in overweight and obese patients. Previous studies on healthy subjects have reported that regular exercise under hypoxic conditions had a more positive effect on vascular health than exercising under normoxic conditions. However, currently, evidence indicating that exposure to hypoxic conditions could positively affect T2DM patients in the long-term is lacking. Therefore, further evaluations of the beneficial effects of exercise under hypoxic conditions on the human body, considering different cycle lengths, duration of exposures, sessions per day, and the number of days, are necessary. In this review, we conclude that there is evidence that exercise under hypoxic conditions can yield health benefits, which is potentially valuable in terms of clinical care as a new intervention for T2DM patients.
Sung-Woo Kim; Won-Sang Jung; Sochung Chung; Hun-Young Park. Exercise intervention under hypoxic condition as a new therapeutic paradigm for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World Journal of Diabetes 2021, 12, 331 -343.
AMA StyleSung-Woo Kim, Won-Sang Jung, Sochung Chung, Hun-Young Park. Exercise intervention under hypoxic condition as a new therapeutic paradigm for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World Journal of Diabetes. 2021; 12 (4):331-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung-Woo Kim; Won-Sang Jung; Sochung Chung; Hun-Young Park. 2021. "Exercise intervention under hypoxic condition as a new therapeutic paradigm for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review." World Journal of Diabetes 12, no. 4: 331-343.
Hypoxic training is often performed by competitive swimmers to enhance their performance in normoxia. However, the beneficial effects of aerobic continuous and interval training under hypoxia on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, and endurance exercise performance remain controversial. Here we investigated whether six weeks of aerobic continuous and interval training under hypoxia can improve hematological parameters, hemodynamic function, ANS function, and endurance exercise performance versus normoxia in amateur male swimmers. Twenty amateur male swimmers were equally assigned to the hypoxic training group or normoxic training group and evaluated before and after six weeks of training. Aerobic continuous and interval training in the hypoxia showed a more significantly improved hemodynamic function (heart rate, −653.4 vs. −353.7 beats/30 min; oxygen uptake, −62.45 vs. −16.22 mL/kg/30 min; stroke volume index, 197.66 vs. 52.32 mL/30 min) during submaximal exercise, ANS function (root mean square of successive differences, 10.15 vs. 3.32 ms; total power, 0.72 vs. 0.20 ms2; low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, −0.173 vs. 0.054), and endurance exercise performance (maximal oxygen uptake, 5.57 vs. 2.26 mL/kg/min; 400-m time trial record, −20.41 vs. −7.91 s) than in the normoxia. These indicate that hypoxic training composed of aerobic continuous and interval exercise improves the endurance exercise performance of amateur male swimmers with better hemodynamic function and ANS function.
Sung-Woo Kim; Won-Sang Jung; Jeong-Weon Kim; Sang-Seok Nam; Hun-Young Park. Aerobic Continuous and Interval Training under Hypoxia Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance with Hemodynamic and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Amateur Male Swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3944 .
AMA StyleSung-Woo Kim, Won-Sang Jung, Jeong-Weon Kim, Sang-Seok Nam, Hun-Young Park. Aerobic Continuous and Interval Training under Hypoxia Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance with Hemodynamic and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Amateur Male Swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):3944.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung-Woo Kim; Won-Sang Jung; Jeong-Weon Kim; Sang-Seok Nam; Hun-Young Park. 2021. "Aerobic Continuous and Interval Training under Hypoxia Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance with Hemodynamic and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Amateur Male Swimmers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 3944.
Hypoxic training is believed to be generally useful for improving exercise performance in various athletes. Nowadays, exercise intervention in hypoxia is recognized as a new therapeutic modality for health promotion and disease prevention or treatment based on the lower mortality and prevalence of people living in high-altitude environments than those living in low-altitude environments. Recently, resistance training in hypoxia (RTH), a new therapeutic modality combining hypoxia and resistance exercise, has been attempted to improve muscle hypertrophy and muscle function. RTH is known to induce greater muscle size, lean mass, increased muscle strength and endurance, bodily function, and angiogenesis of skeletal muscles than traditional resistance exercise. Therefore, we examined previous studies to understand the clinical and physiological aspects of sarcopenia and RTH for muscular function and hypertrophy. However, few investigations have examined the combined effects of hypoxic stress and resistance exercise, and as such, it is difficult to make recommendations for implementing universal RTH programs for sarcopenia based on current understanding. It should also be acknowledged that a number of mechanisms proposed to facilitate the augmented response to RTH remain poorly understood, particularly the role of metabolic, hormonal, and intracellular signaling pathways. Further RTH intervention studies considering various exercise parameters (e.g., load, recovery time between sets, hypoxic dose, and intervention period) are strongly recommended to reinforce knowledge about the adaptational processes and the effects of this type of resistance training for sarcopenia in older people.
Won-Sang Jung; Sung-Woo Kim; Jeong-Weon Kim; Hun-Young Park. Resistance Training in Hypoxia as a New Therapeutic Modality for Sarcopenia—A Narrative Review. Life 2021, 11, 106 .
AMA StyleWon-Sang Jung, Sung-Woo Kim, Jeong-Weon Kim, Hun-Young Park. Resistance Training in Hypoxia as a New Therapeutic Modality for Sarcopenia—A Narrative Review. Life. 2021; 11 (2):106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Sang Jung; Sung-Woo Kim; Jeong-Weon Kim; Hun-Young Park. 2021. "Resistance Training in Hypoxia as a New Therapeutic Modality for Sarcopenia—A Narrative Review." Life 11, no. 2: 106.
While exercise training (ET) is an efficient strategy to manage obesity, it is recommended with a dietary plan to maximize the antiobesity functions owing to a compensational increase in energy intake. Capsiate is a notable bioactive compound for managing obesity owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure. We aimed to examine whether the antiobesity effects of ET can be further enhanced by capsiate intake (CI) and determine its effects on resting energy expenditure and metabolic molecules. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and fed high-fat diet. Mild-intensity treadmill ET was conducted five times/week; capsiate (10 mg/kg) was orally administered daily. After 8 weeks, resting metabolic rate and metabolic molecules were analyzed. ET with CI additively reduced the abdominal fat rate by 18% and solely upregulated beta-3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue (p = 0.013) but did not affect the metabolic molecules in skeletal muscles. Surprisingly, CI without ET significantly increased the abdominal fat rate (p = 0.001) and reduced energy expenditure by 9%. Therefore, capsiate could be a candidate compound for maximizing the antiobesity effects of ET by upregulating beta-3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue, but CI without ET may not be beneficial in managing obesity.
Deunsol Hwang; Jong-Beom Seo; Hun-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Kiwon Lim. Capsiate Intake with Exercise Training Additively Reduces Fat Deposition in Mice on a High-Fat Diet, but Not without Exercise Training. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 769 .
AMA StyleDeunsol Hwang, Jong-Beom Seo, Hun-Young Park, Jisu Kim, Kiwon Lim. Capsiate Intake with Exercise Training Additively Reduces Fat Deposition in Mice on a High-Fat Diet, but Not without Exercise Training. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (2):769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeunsol Hwang; Jong-Beom Seo; Hun-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Kiwon Lim. 2021. "Capsiate Intake with Exercise Training Additively Reduces Fat Deposition in Mice on a High-Fat Diet, but Not without Exercise Training." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 769.
We investigated the effects of oral lactate administration on protein synthesis and degradation factors in rats over 2 h after intake. Seven-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group); their blood plasma levels of lactate, glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were examined following sacrifice at 0, 30, 60, or 120 min after sodium lactate (2 g/kg) administration. We measured the mRNA expression levels of protein synthesis-related genes (IGF receptor, protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)) or degradation-related genes (muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), atrogin-1) and analyzed the protein expression and phosphorylation (activation) of Akt and mTOR. Post-administration, the plasma lactate concentration increased to 3.2 mmol/L after 60 min. Plasma glucose remained unchanged throughout, while insulin and IGF1 levels decreased after 30 min. The mRNA levels of IGF receptor and mTOR peaked after 60 min, and Akt expression was significantly upregulated from 30 to 120 min. However, MuRF1 and atrogin-1 expression levels were unaffected. Akt protein phosphorylation did not change significantly, whereas mTOR phosphorylation significantly increased after 30 min. Thus, lactate administration increased the mRNA and protein expression of protein-synthesis factors, suggesting that it can potentially promote skeletal muscle synthesis.
Sunghwan Kyun; Choongsung Yoo; Hun-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Kiwon Lim. The Effects of Exogenous Lactate Administration on the IGF1/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Rat Skeletal Muscle. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7805 .
AMA StyleSunghwan Kyun, Choongsung Yoo, Hun-Young Park, Jisu Kim, Kiwon Lim. The Effects of Exogenous Lactate Administration on the IGF1/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Rat Skeletal Muscle. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):7805.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSunghwan Kyun; Choongsung Yoo; Hun-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Kiwon Lim. 2020. "The Effects of Exogenous Lactate Administration on the IGF1/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Rat Skeletal Muscle." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7805.
We demonstrated the hypothesis that combined exercise improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, and physical functions, in obese older men. Older men (n = 20) were randomly assigned to combined exercise training (EXP; n = 10) or control groups (CON; n = 10). The combined exercise was comprised of elastic-band resistance training and walking/running on a treadmill and bicycle at 60–70% of maximal heart rate for 3 days/weeks. EXP showed significant decreases in body weight, body mass index, and %body fat (p < 0.05). The exercise program significantly reduced BP, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Furthermore, while the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and epinephrine were significantly reduced in EXP, VO2 peak and grip strength were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it is indicated that 12-week regular combined exercise improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, hemodynamics, and physical performance in obese older men.
Wonil Park; Won-Sang Jung; Kwangseok Hong; Yae-Young Kim; Sung-Woo Kim; Hun-Young Park. Effects of Moderate Combined Resistance- and Aerobic-Exercise for 12 Weeks on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Physical Functions, among Obese Older Men: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7233 .
AMA StyleWonil Park, Won-Sang Jung, Kwangseok Hong, Yae-Young Kim, Sung-Woo Kim, Hun-Young Park. Effects of Moderate Combined Resistance- and Aerobic-Exercise for 12 Weeks on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Physical Functions, among Obese Older Men: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWonil Park; Won-Sang Jung; Kwangseok Hong; Yae-Young Kim; Sung-Woo Kim; Hun-Young Park. 2020. "Effects of Moderate Combined Resistance- and Aerobic-Exercise for 12 Weeks on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Physical Functions, among Obese Older Men: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7233.
This study examined the effect of Pilates training under hypoxia, a novel treatment method, for obesity. Thirty-two Korean women with obesity (age: 34–60 (47.5 ± 7.5) years) were randomly assigned to control (CON; n = 10), normoxic Pilates training (NPTG; n = 10), and hypoxic Pilates training groups (HPTG; n = 12). The NPTG and HPTG performed 50 min of Pilates training using a tubing band for 12 weeks (3 days/week) in their respective environmental conditions (NPTG: normoxic condition, inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) = 20.9%; HPTG: moderate hypoxic condition, FiO2 = 14.5%). The CON maintained their daily lifestyle without intervention. All subjects underwent body composition, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, vascular endothelial function, cardiometabolic biomarker, hemorheological function, and aerobic performance measurements before and after the intervention. The HPTG showed a significant improvement in diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, flow-mediated dilation, and erythrocyte deformability and aggregation (all p < 0.05) compared with the CON and NPTG. However, compared with the CON and NPTG, the HPTG did not show improvement in other parameters. Hypoxic Pilates intervention is a novel and successful method for promoting endothelial and hemorheological functions in women with obesity.
Kyounghwa Jung; Jisu Kim; Hun-Young Park; Won-Sang Jung; Kiwon Lim. Hypoxic Pilates Intervention for Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7186 .
AMA StyleKyounghwa Jung, Jisu Kim, Hun-Young Park, Won-Sang Jung, Kiwon Lim. Hypoxic Pilates Intervention for Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyounghwa Jung; Jisu Kim; Hun-Young Park; Won-Sang Jung; Kiwon Lim. 2020. "Hypoxic Pilates Intervention for Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7186.
This study aimed to analyze the differences in energy intake and physical activity (PA) levels according to sex and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among elderly people in Korea. Data of 3720 elderly people (aged >65 years) were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). We analyzed PA levels (occupational and recreational PA) and energy intakes (carbohydrate, protein, and fat). The MetS group showed lower levels of moderate intensity recreational PA and place movement than the non-MetS group (p < 0.05); in the MetS group, PA levels were significantly lower in women than in men (p < 0.05). The intakes of total energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein were lower in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group (p < 0.001). Both the non-MetS and MetS groups showed lower energy intakes in women than men (p < 0.001). Our study shows that elderly people, especially women, with MetS have significantly lower total PA levels and total energy intakes. We confirmed the importance of increased PA and proper nutritional intake in elderly people. Therefore, it is believed that practical measures such as nutrition education and nutrition guidance and PA education are urgently needed to reduce the incidence of MetS among the elderly.
Won-Sang Jung; Hun-Young Park; Sung-Woo Kim; Kiwon Lim. Sex-Specific Energy Intakes and Physical Activity Levels According to the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elderly People: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5416 .
AMA StyleWon-Sang Jung, Hun-Young Park, Sung-Woo Kim, Kiwon Lim. Sex-Specific Energy Intakes and Physical Activity Levels According to the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elderly People: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Sang Jung; Hun-Young Park; Sung-Woo Kim; Kiwon Lim. 2020. "Sex-Specific Energy Intakes and Physical Activity Levels According to the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elderly People: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5416.
Background: Obesity is recognized as an important global health problem that increases the risk of all-cause death. It is a major risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Methods: We conducted this review through searching the related literature plus internet links. Results: Recently, many researchers have been applying various efficient alternative exercise paradigms for treating obesity, such as high-intensity interval training, whole-body vibration training, and hypoxic therapy. Compared with moderate-intensity continuous training, high-intensity interval training involves a shorter exercise time but higher energy expenditure and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption via a higher exercise intensity and is effective for treating obesity. Whole-body vibration training effectively reduces the rate of fat production and accumulation through passive vibration of the whole body and improving the body composition, muscle function, and cardiovascular function of the obese population. Hypoxic therapy has been reported to improve obesity and obesity-related diseases through appetite loss, reduced dietary intake, increased energy consumption, improved glycogen storage and fatty acid oxidation, angiogenesis and left ventricle remodeling, decreased mechanical load, and reduced sarcopenia progression due to aging. Conclusion: The new therapeutic exercise modalities, namely, high-intensity interval training, whole-body vibration training, and hypoxic therapy, are practical, useful, and effective for improving obesity and various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases induced by obesity.
Hun-Young Park; Won-Sang Jung; Jisu Kim; Hyejung Hwang; Kiwon Lim. Changes in the Paradigm of Traditional Exercise in Obesity Therapy and Application of a New Exercise Modality: A Narrative Review Article. Iranian Journal of Public Health 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleHun-Young Park, Won-Sang Jung, Jisu Kim, Hyejung Hwang, Kiwon Lim. Changes in the Paradigm of Traditional Exercise in Obesity Therapy and Application of a New Exercise Modality: A Narrative Review Article. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHun-Young Park; Won-Sang Jung; Jisu Kim; Hyejung Hwang; Kiwon Lim. 2020. "Changes in the Paradigm of Traditional Exercise in Obesity Therapy and Application of a New Exercise Modality: A Narrative Review Article." Iranian Journal of Public Health , no. : 1.
This study aimed to compare the effects of an acute Pilates program under hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions on the metabolic, cardiac, and vascular functions of the participants. Ten healthy female Pilates experts completed a 50-min tubing Pilates program under normoxic conditions (N trial) and under 3000 m (inspired oxygen fraction = 14.5%) hypobaric hypoxia conditions (H trial) after a 30-min exposure in the respective environments on different days. Blood pressure, branchial ankle pulse wave velocity, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the branchial artery were measured before and after the exercise. Metabolic parameters and cardiac function were assessed every minute during the exercise. Both trials showed a significant increase in FMD; however, the increase in FMD was significantly higher after the H trial than that after the N trial. Furthermore, FMD before exercise was significantly higher in the H trial than in the N trial. In terms of metabolic parameters, minute ventilation, carbon dioxide excretion, respiratory exchange ratio, and carbohydrate oxidation were significantly higher but fat oxidation was lower during the H trial than during the N trial. In terms of cardiac function, heart rate was significantly increased during the H trial than during the N trial. Our results suggested that, compared to that under normoxic conditions, Pilates exercise under hypoxic conditions led to greater metabolic and cardiac responses and also elicited an additive effect on vascular endothelial function.
Kyounghwa Jung; Jongbeom Seo; Won-Sang Jung; Jisu Kim; Hun-Young Park; Kiwon Lim. Effects of an Acute Pilates Program under Hypoxic Conditions on Vascular Endothelial Function in Pilates Participants: A Randomized Crossover Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2584 .
AMA StyleKyounghwa Jung, Jongbeom Seo, Won-Sang Jung, Jisu Kim, Hun-Young Park, Kiwon Lim. Effects of an Acute Pilates Program under Hypoxic Conditions on Vascular Endothelial Function in Pilates Participants: A Randomized Crossover Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyounghwa Jung; Jongbeom Seo; Won-Sang Jung; Jisu Kim; Hun-Young Park; Kiwon Lim. 2020. "Effects of an Acute Pilates Program under Hypoxic Conditions on Vascular Endothelial Function in Pilates Participants: A Randomized Crossover Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2584.
This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG); n = 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG); n = 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners.
Won-Sang Jung; Sung-Woo Kim; Hun-Young Park. Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1934 .
AMA StyleWon-Sang Jung, Sung-Woo Kim, Hun-Young Park. Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (6):1934.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Sang Jung; Sung-Woo Kim; Hun-Young Park. 2020. "Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 1934.
Obese individuals are considered to have lower energy expenditure (EE) rates than non-obese individuals. We aimed to investigate the effects of various factors related to food intake on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in the EE of obese individuals. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we reviewed relevant literature from PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases from study inception till the end of July 2019. Studies on dietary factors affecting DIT in obese individuals were included. Fifteen studies were included; these studies assessed macronutrient, single-nutrient, or supplement meal compositions, as well as dietary patterns and behaviors. The effect of obesity on DIT was not constant in each study. Differences in DIT pertained to the protein ratio being higher than the fat ratio or the carbohydrate ratio being higher than the fat ratio. High intake of calcium and vitamin D as well as high-oleic peanut supplements increased DIT in obese people. In addition, ascorbic acid intake, fatty acid saturation, and the chain length of various fatty acids had no effects on DIT. In conclusion, the findings suggest that in obese individuals, DIT is associated with various factors related to meal, nutrient, and dietary habits. However, because of the complexity of the relationship between DIT and obesity, it is difficult to determine the critical element underlying this association.
Mi-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Nana Chung; Hun-Young Park; Hyejung Hwang; Jin-Soo Han; Jae-Moo So; Chi-Ho Lee; Jonghoon Park; Kiwon Lim. Dietary Factors and Eating Behaviors Affecting Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 2020, 66, 1 -9.
AMA StyleMi-Young Park, Jisu Kim, Nana Chung, Hun-Young Park, Hyejung Hwang, Jin-Soo Han, Jae-Moo So, Chi-Ho Lee, Jonghoon Park, Kiwon Lim. Dietary Factors and Eating Behaviors Affecting Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2020; 66 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMi-Young Park; Jisu Kim; Nana Chung; Hun-Young Park; Hyejung Hwang; Jin-Soo Han; Jae-Moo So; Chi-Ho Lee; Jonghoon Park; Kiwon Lim. 2020. "Dietary Factors and Eating Behaviors Affecting Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 66, no. 1: 1-9.
We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 2-week exercise training program in hypobaric hypoxic conditions on exercise performance and immune function in Korean national cycling athletes with disabilities. Six Korean national cycling athletes with disabilities participated in exercise training consisting of continuous aerobic exercise and anaerobic interval exercise in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The exercise training frequency was 60 min (5 days per week for 2 weeks). Before and after the exercise training, exercise performance and immune function were measured in all athletes. Regarding the exercise performance parameters, the 3-km time trial significantly decreased and blood lactate levels after the 3-km time trial test significantly increased by exercise training in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. Regarding the oxygen-transporting capacity, significant differences were not observed. Regarding immune function, the number of leukocytes and natural killer cells significantly decreased and that of eosinophils, B cells, and T cells significantly increased. These results indicated that our 2-week hypoxic training showed the potential to improve exercise performance in Korean national disabled athletes. However, the effects of our hypoxic training method on immune function remained unclear.
Hun-Young Park; Won-Sang Jung; Jisu Kim; Hyejung Hwang; Sung-Woo Kim; Younghwan An; Haeman Lee; Seonju Jeon; Kiwon Lim. Effects of 2-Week Exercise Training in Hypobaric Hypoxic Conditions on Exercise Performance and Immune Function in Korean National Cycling Athletes with Disabilities: A Case Report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 861 .
AMA StyleHun-Young Park, Won-Sang Jung, Jisu Kim, Hyejung Hwang, Sung-Woo Kim, Younghwan An, Haeman Lee, Seonju Jeon, Kiwon Lim. Effects of 2-Week Exercise Training in Hypobaric Hypoxic Conditions on Exercise Performance and Immune Function in Korean National Cycling Athletes with Disabilities: A Case Report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHun-Young Park; Won-Sang Jung; Jisu Kim; Hyejung Hwang; Sung-Woo Kim; Younghwan An; Haeman Lee; Seonju Jeon; Kiwon Lim. 2020. "Effects of 2-Week Exercise Training in Hypobaric Hypoxic Conditions on Exercise Performance and Immune Function in Korean National Cycling Athletes with Disabilities: A Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 861.
The present study examined the effect of a 12-week combined resistance and aerobic exercise training program on cardiometabolic biomarkers and red blood cell (RBC) hemorheological function in 20 obese older men (mean age: 68.8 ± 0.9 years). Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (exercise intervention [EXP; n = 10] and control [CON; n = 10]). The EXP subjects performed resistance and aerobic exercise training program three times per week for 12 weeks, and the CON subjects maintained their regular lifestyle during the intervention period. Body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis equipment. Cardiometabolic biomarkers (glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA β-cell function, and leptin) and RBC hemorheological parameters (RBC deformability and aggregation) were analyzed. Percent body fat decreased significantly in the EXP group during the intervention period but increased significantly in the CON group. Insulin increased significantly in the CON group over the 12-week period and both insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the CON group than in the EXP group at post-test. RBC deformability (RBC EI_3Pa) and aggregation (RBC AI_3Pa) improved significantly only in the EXP group. The present study suggests that combined exercise training can be useful for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers and RBC hemorheological parameters in obese older men and may help prevent metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
Sung-Woo Kim; Won-Sang Jung; Wonil Park; Hun-Young Park. Twelve Weeks of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Enhances Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 5020 .
AMA StyleSung-Woo Kim, Won-Sang Jung, Wonil Park, Hun-Young Park. Twelve Weeks of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Enhances Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (24):5020.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung-Woo Kim; Won-Sang Jung; Wonil Park; Hun-Young Park. 2019. "Twelve Weeks of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Enhances Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 5020.
Background Androgen hormone levels are strongly associated with obesity in adult mammals, especially with advanced age. We investigated androgen receptor inhibition on fat metabolism and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport proteins in skeletal muscle during exercise. Methods Male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: CON (control), EX (exercise), and EXIN (exercise + androgen receptor inhibition). EX and EXIN groups were trained on a treadmill five times a week. After 4 weeks, the fat metabolism of each group was measured using open-circuit calorimetry during 1 hour of exercise. After the metabolism measurement, the expression levels of LCFA transport proteins (FAT/CD36, CPTI) were analyzed in skeletal muscle. Results Weight gain and final body weight were significantly lower in the EX group than in either the CON or EXIN groups. Conversely, food intake was significantly higher in the EX group than it was in the CON and EXIN groups. The total weight (CON; 2.07 ± 0.6, EX; 1.64 ± 0.2, EXIN; 1.95 ± 0.2) of the abdominal adipose tissue were significantly lower in the EX group than in the CON and EXIN groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no different between the CON and EXIN group. Oxygen uptake and fat oxidation during exercise tended to be lower (12%) in the EXIN group than in the EX group. Total fat oxidation in the EXIN group was significantly lower during the initial 20-min (P < 0.003) and 40-min (P < 0.041) phases compared to that in the EX group. In addition, the level of FAT/CD36 protein in the EX and EXIN groups was approximately double that in the CON group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). CPTI expression in the EX group was higher than that in the EX group (P < 0.0069) as well as in the CON group. Conclusion Exercise training increases the expression of LCFA transport proteins (FAT/CD36, CPTI). Blocking androgen receptors can decreases the expression of CPTI in the skeletal muscle, which reduces fat metabolism. Thus, reducing sex hormones or suppressing the sensitivity of AR receptors can inhibit energy efficiency and fat metabolism by suppressing CPTI.
Jisu Kim; Jonghoon Park; Nahyun Kim; Hun-Young Park; Kiwon Lim. Inhibition of androgen receptor can decrease fat metabolism by decreasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase I levels in skeletal muscles of trained mice. Nutrition & Metabolism 2019, 16, 1 -9.
AMA StyleJisu Kim, Jonghoon Park, Nahyun Kim, Hun-Young Park, Kiwon Lim. Inhibition of androgen receptor can decrease fat metabolism by decreasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase I levels in skeletal muscles of trained mice. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2019; 16 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJisu Kim; Jonghoon Park; Nahyun Kim; Hun-Young Park; Kiwon Lim. 2019. "Inhibition of androgen receptor can decrease fat metabolism by decreasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase I levels in skeletal muscles of trained mice." Nutrition & Metabolism 16, no. 1: 1-9.
To investigate the effects of Korean Magnolia obovata crude extract (KME) on plateletderived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). KME composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). VSMCs were isolated from the aorta of a Sprague-Dawley rat, incubated in serum free-Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium in the presence or absence of KME (10, 30, 100, and 300 μg/mL), then further treated with PDGF-BB (10 ng/mL). VSMC proliferation was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and VSMC migration was determined using the Boyden chamber and scratch wound healing assays. Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2), protein kinase B (p-Akt), and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-SAPK/JNK). The antimigration and proliferation effects of KME were tested using aortic sprout outgrowth. The HPLC analysis identified honokiol (0.45 mg/g) and magnolol (0.34 mg/g) as the major components of KME. KME (30, 100, and 300 μg/mL) significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated (10 ng/mL) VSMCs and the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of EKR1/2, Akt, and SAPK/JNK (P<0.05). Furthermore, PDGF-BBinduced VSMCs treated with 300 μg/mL of KME showed reduction in aortic sprout outgrowth. KME could inhibit abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs by down-regulating the phosphorylation of EKR1/2 and Akt. Thus, KME might be a functional food for preventing vascular disorders.
Hyunjhung Jhun; Suji Baek; Jinwoo Kim; Kang Pa Lee; Hun-Young Park; Won-Hwan Park; Kiwon Lim; Jisu Kim. Effect of Korean Magnolia obovata Extract on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019, 26, 677 -682.
AMA StyleHyunjhung Jhun, Suji Baek, Jinwoo Kim, Kang Pa Lee, Hun-Young Park, Won-Hwan Park, Kiwon Lim, Jisu Kim. Effect of Korean Magnolia obovata Extract on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2019; 26 (9):677-682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyunjhung Jhun; Suji Baek; Jinwoo Kim; Kang Pa Lee; Hun-Young Park; Won-Hwan Park; Kiwon Lim; Jisu Kim. 2019. "Effect of Korean Magnolia obovata Extract on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells." Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 26, no. 9: 677-682.
Living high-training low (LHTL) is performed by competitive athletes expecting to improve their performance in competitions at sea level. However, the beneficial effects of LHTL remain controversial. We sought to investigate whether 21 days of LHTL performed at a 3,000 m simulated altitude (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2]=14.5%) and at sea level can improve hematological parameters, exercise economy and metabolism, hemodynamic function, and exercise performance compared with living low-training low (LLTL) among competitive athletes. All participants (age = 23.5 ± 2.1 years, maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max] = 55.6 ± 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1, 3,000 m time trial performance=583.7 ± 22.9 seconds) were randomly assigned to undergo LHTL (n = 12) or LLTL (n = 12) and evaluated before and after the 21 days of intervention. During the 21-day intervention period, the weekly routine for all athletes included 6-day training and 1-day rest. The daily training programs consisted of >4 hours of various exercise programs (i.e., jogging, high-speed running, interval running, and 3,000 m or 5,000-m time trial). The LHTL group resided in a simulated environmental chamber (FIO2 = 14.5%) for >12 hours per day and the LLTL group at sea level under comfortable conditions. The hematological parameters showed no significant interaction. However, LHTL yielded more improved exercise economy, metabolic parameters (oxygen consumption=-152.7 vs 32.4 mL·kg-1·30min-1, η2 = 0.457, p = 0.000; tissue oxygenation index=6.18 vs .66%, η2 = 0.250, p = 0.013), and hemodynamic function (heart rate = -234.5 vs -49.7 beats·30min-1, η2 = 0.172, p = 0.044; stroke volume = 136.4 vs -120.5 mL/30 min, η2 = 0.191, p = 0.033) during 30 minutes of submaximal cycle ergometer exercise corresponding to 80% maximal heart rate before training than did LLTL. Regarding exercise performance, LHTL also yielded more improved VO2max (5.40 vs 2.35 mL·kg-1·min-1, η2 = 0.527, p = 0.000) and 3,000 m time trial performance (-34.0 vs -19.5 seconds, η2 = 0.527, p = 0.000) than did LLTL. These results indicate that compared with LLTL, LHTL can have favorable effects on exercise performance by improving exercise economy and hemodynamic function in competitive runners.
Hun-Young Park; Wonil Park; Kiwon Lim. Living High-Training Low for 21 Days Enhances Exercise Economy, Hemodynamic Function, and Exercise Performance of Competitive Runners. 2019, 18, 427 -437.
AMA StyleHun-Young Park, Wonil Park, Kiwon Lim. Living High-Training Low for 21 Days Enhances Exercise Economy, Hemodynamic Function, and Exercise Performance of Competitive Runners. . 2019; 18 (3):427-437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHun-Young Park; Wonil Park; Kiwon Lim. 2019. "Living High-Training Low for 21 Days Enhances Exercise Economy, Hemodynamic Function, and Exercise Performance of Competitive Runners." 18, no. 3: 427-437.
Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function. We investigated the effect of circuit training on body composition, balance, muscle mass and strength, and pulmonary function in Korean women with sarcopenia. We randomly assigned 26 Korean women with sarcopenia ( Mage = 74.9, SD = 4.5 years) to either an exercise group (EG) ( n = 13) or a control group (CG) ( n = 13). The EG performed 25-75 minutes of circuit exercise training (gradually increasing time periods) three times per week over 12 weeks, while the CG maintained their usual daily lifestyle during the intervention period. We measured body weight, body mass index, percent body fat, free fat mass, balance ability, peak torque in shoulder, knee, and lumbar joints normalized for bodyweight (BW), forced vital capacity, percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory flow 25–75% before and after the intervention. The EG showed improved body composition (i.e., body mass index, fat-free body mass, fat mass; all p < .032, η2 > 0.180), balance (i.e., right and left of static and dynamic balance and fast 10-m walk; all p < .050, η2 > 0.151), muscular function (i.e., 90°/s and 180°/s peak power per kilogram BW, 90°/s average power per kilogram BW, 180°/s total work, and 180°/s endurance ratio; all p < .045, η2 > 0.157), and pulmonary function (all p < .005, η2 > 0.292). On the other hand, the CG showed no significant changes. Circuit exercise training improves muscle mass and strength, body composition, balance, and pulmonary function in women with sarcopenia.
Won-Sang Jung; Yae-Young Kim; Hun-Young Park. Circuit Training Improvements in Korean Women with Sarcopenia. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2019, 126, 828 -842.
AMA StyleWon-Sang Jung, Yae-Young Kim, Hun-Young Park. Circuit Training Improvements in Korean Women with Sarcopenia. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2019; 126 (5):828-842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Sang Jung; Yae-Young Kim; Hun-Young Park. 2019. "Circuit Training Improvements in Korean Women with Sarcopenia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 5: 828-842.