Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of software engineering; concerned with a computer process that can mimic human behavior and thought processes such as learning, reasoning, adapting, and self-correction. Forensic science involves the application of more effective scientific principles and techniques to investigate the crime and serve justice, demanding the cognitive examination of massive volumes of complex data. Thus, AI seems to be an appropriate technique for dealing with many of the current difficulties in forensic science. The present review provided an overview of AI, conversing its current and probable forthcoming applications in forensic science. For example, AI can be employed in DNA evidence, pattern recognition, crime scene reconstruction, digital forensics, image-processing, psycho/narco-analysis, ballistics, and satellite monitoring. Artificial Intelligence has limitless applications launching from the crime scene investigation to the day of Judgment. Intelligent software has simplified forensic investigations, explained the reasoning process that varies from one algorithm to another, and reduced the errors that may occur due to cognitive bias. However, every technology has some limitations; for example, intelligent systems require a giant database of knowledge, which may result in false-positive or negative interpretations if inputs are outside the trained data sets. Besides, this can raise some ethical and legal concerns. The blend of master and machine is needed to diminish the functioning load and understand more cases. Technology can make their job easier, but it will never be able to replace them. Because forensic science is an area of specialists, AI will only serve as a supplementary tool.

Benzo [a] pyrene (B[a]P) is a potent mutagen and carcinogen, considered one of the commonest concomitants in the environment. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of catechin hydrate on benzo pyrene-induced kidney toxicity. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into six groups: group I untreated control, group II received 10 mL/kg of corn oil (solvent of benzo [a] pyrene) twice a week, group III received 1 mL/kg 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (solvent of catechin) once per day, group IV received 50 mg/kg body weight of benzo[a]pyrene twice a week, group V received 20 mg/kg body weight of catechin in 1 mL/kg 0.5% DMSO once daily, and group VI received both catechin+benzo [a] pyrene with the same doses. All treatment was given by oral gavage for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical investigations, tissues were obtained for genotoxicity, RT-PCR, and histopathological studies. B[a]P exposure induced an increase in serum urea and creatinine levels along with severe renal histopathological changes. Our results showed a subsequent decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and conversely, (malondialdehyde) levels markedly elevated. Also, B[a]P induced DNA damage as well as activated an apoptotic pathway confirmed by upregulation of Bax, caspase-3, and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. However, treatment with catechin-corrected kidney functions and antioxidant enzymes as well as regulated apoptosis. Histological results also supported the protective effects of catechin. These findings suggested that catechin hydrate is an effective natural product that attenuates benzo pyrene-induced kidney toxicity.