The copyright of data is a key point that needs to be solved in spatial data infrastructure for data sharing. In this paper, we propose a decentralized digital rights management model of spatial data, which can provide a novel way of solving the existing copyright management problem or other problems in spatial data infrastructure for data sharing. An Ethereum smart contract is used in this model to realize spatial data digital rights management function. The InterPlanetary File System is utilized as external data storage for storing spatial data in the decentralized file system to avoid data destruction that is caused by a single point of failure. There is no central server in the model architecture, which has a completely decentralized nature and it makes spatial data rights management not dependent on third-party trust institutions. We designed three spatial data copyright management algorithms, developed a prototype system to implement and test the model, used the smart contract security verification tool to check code vulnerabilities, and, finally, discussed the usability, scalability, efficiency, performance, and security of the proposed model. The result indicates that the proposed model not only has diversified functions of copyright management compared with previous studies on the blockchain-based digital rights management, but it can also solve the existing problems in traditional spatial data infrastructure for data sharing due to its characteristics of complete decentralization, mass orientation, immediacy, and high security.

There is undoubtedly a groundswell of support for the concept of geographic data sharing with the rapid development and wide-ranging application of geographic information science. However, copyright protection and infringement detection in the process of geographic data sharing has always been an important issue that needs to be addressed urgently. In this paper, we present a novel infringement detection method for GIS vector data to compensate for the shortcomings of vector data digital watermarking technology in infringement detection. The method determines whether infringement exists by the duplication degree between the original data and the vector data to be detected in three features including feature features, included angle features and vertex features which gets by using the spatial information of vector data to perform the feature matching based on GeoJSON format data. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively resist common geometric attacks, such as interpolation attack, deletion attack, similarity transformation attack, feature order scrambling attack, and feature simplification attack, on vector data, which proves that the proposed algorithm has excellent robustness and meets the requirements of practical application.