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Previous studies have failed to grasp the essence of traditional building habits responding to natural challenges. Therefore, contradictions arise between unified regulations protecting traditional residential architecture proposed by experts and the diverse construction transformation performed by locals. To resolve these contradictions, fieldwork was conducted in Yangwan, a famous village in South China. The traditional residential architectural characteristics in three periods were obtained and compared. Peirce’s interpretation of the three natures of habit and Heidegger’s dwelling help determine the essence of building habits. The logic in traditional residential architecture is analysed through the “four-layer integrated into one” framework (including the natural environment, livelihood form, institution and ideology), yielding the following results. (1) The characteristics of the residential architectural form change with local livelihood form, institution and ideology. Nevertheless, the process by which local residents think, judge and respond to natural challenges remains unchanged (Thirdness of Habit), forming the core of dwelling. (2) The characteristics of the architectural form are determined by the causal chain of “four-layer integrated into one”. Stable causal chains are formed by the Thirdness of Habit, which represents people’s initiative in addressing natural challenges. Therefore, the protection of traditional residential architecture should centre on dwelling and people’s agency in response to the natural environment rather than on maintaining a unified physical form.
Fengyi Ji; Shangyi Zhou. Dwelling Is a Key Idea in Traditional Residential Architecture’s Sustainability: A Case Study at Yangwan Village in Suzhou, China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6492 .
AMA StyleFengyi Ji, Shangyi Zhou. Dwelling Is a Key Idea in Traditional Residential Architecture’s Sustainability: A Case Study at Yangwan Village in Suzhou, China. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFengyi Ji; Shangyi Zhou. 2021. "Dwelling Is a Key Idea in Traditional Residential Architecture’s Sustainability: A Case Study at Yangwan Village in Suzhou, China." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6492.
The notion of place has raised great concern within weaving tourism studies in recent decades. Nevertheless, dialectical indigenous considerations of Edward Relph’s phenomenological concepts of place and placelessness are still insufficient, particularly in non-Western countries. Phenomenology, as an immersive approach, provides an open and descriptive examination of the diverse perceptions and constitutive meanings of a place. From a phenomenological perspective, this article aims to explore the dynamic grasping of place and placelessness in tourism experiences. Twenty-four tourists participated in the research in Marco Polo Plaza in Italian Style Town, a concession for a particular historical period, in Tianjin, China. The findings suggest that tourists’ experiences could be ordered into three themes: (1) encountering a place labelled recreation and entertainment, (2) encountering an exotic heterogeneous place, and (3) encountering a lived place in the lifeworld. These results emphasize that place and placelessness are intertwined paradoxically beyond the binary, and such a nonlinear, dialectical, and subtle dimension is the possible inspiration that the phenomenological perspective brings to tourism research. Drawing on the inevitability of tourists’ diverse perceptions, we advance that an open multi-sensuous engagement and inclusive geographic practices offer an insight into the understanding of sustainability.
Huihui Gao; Shangyi Zhou. Oriental Marco Polo Plaza Encounter: Choreographing Place and Placelessness from a Phenomenological Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6159 .
AMA StyleHuihui Gao, Shangyi Zhou. Oriental Marco Polo Plaza Encounter: Choreographing Place and Placelessness from a Phenomenological Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuihui Gao; Shangyi Zhou. 2021. "Oriental Marco Polo Plaza Encounter: Choreographing Place and Placelessness from a Phenomenological Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6159.
How do people evaluate the transformation of a local music scene under tourism? Using Jacques Lacan’s mirror stage theory, Manuel Castells’ identity theory and Erik Cohen’s authentication theory, we build a framework to judge the authenticity of Naxi music in Lijiang, China, based on interviews, literature analysis and performance analysis. The conclusions are as follows. First, there are significant differences in authenticity among the three stages of Naxi music, as defined by Lacan’s theory. Second, we modify Erik Cohen’s authentication concept from the perspective of Lacan and read the spirit of persistence and innovation as “hot” authentication in the postmirror stage. Naxi musicians have clear project identity, as defined by Manuel Castells. Project identity means that they do not follow the mirror image of tourists blindly and pay attention to music and their own development. This research contributes to the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage in tourism.
Dawei Li; Shangyi Zhou. Evaluating the Authenticity of Naxi Music in Three Stages from the Perspective of Naxi Musicians: An Application of Lacan’s Mirror Stage Theory. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3720 .
AMA StyleDawei Li, Shangyi Zhou. Evaluating the Authenticity of Naxi Music in Three Stages from the Perspective of Naxi Musicians: An Application of Lacan’s Mirror Stage Theory. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawei Li; Shangyi Zhou. 2021. "Evaluating the Authenticity of Naxi Music in Three Stages from the Perspective of Naxi Musicians: An Application of Lacan’s Mirror Stage Theory." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3720.
One of the goals of China’s place name governance, which started in 2015, is to remove westernized place names. This study investigates what westernized place names are not suitable for a city in China. It uses Beijing as an example to analyze the westernized place names of Beijing in three periods against the prevailing social background. The first period is from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China. The second period is from 1949 to 1980 which started with the foundation of People’s Republic of China to the early years of China beginning to open up. The third period is from 1980 to 2019. In addressing this topic both the government and the mass media have asked major questions for study by toponymic scholars. Two major conclusions are provided. First, Beijingness knew the symbolic meaning of place names in the first period and actively used place naming and renaming to reflect the prevailing ideological viewpoint of society. In the last period real estate developers started to commercialize the cultural capital of westernized place names. Second, after three periods of examining westernized place names, the attitudes of Beijingness toward westernized place names reflect balances between the old and new, the local and global, and a positioning and spiritual function. This discussion advances thinking about the administrative management of the westernized place names in Beijing and even in China, that is, acknowledging that the laws and regulations on place names need to be coordinated with existing laws and regulations, including those addressing property rights.
Shangyi Zhou. Changing Attitudes of Beijingness to Westernized Place Names in Beijing: From the Semi-Colonial Period to Postmodern Twenty-First Century. Handbook of the Changing World Language Map 2020, 1 -22.
AMA StyleShangyi Zhou. Changing Attitudes of Beijingness to Westernized Place Names in Beijing: From the Semi-Colonial Period to Postmodern Twenty-First Century. Handbook of the Changing World Language Map. 2020; ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShangyi Zhou. 2020. "Changing Attitudes of Beijingness to Westernized Place Names in Beijing: From the Semi-Colonial Period to Postmodern Twenty-First Century." Handbook of the Changing World Language Map , no. : 1-22.
During the urbanization process in China, numerous shantytowns have appeared in cities. Bei Si Cun (BSC) in the suburb of Beijing is one of them. The three existing theories that explain the formation of shanty towns cannot fully explain why young people with good income live in BSC, a shantytown in the suburb of Beijing. Therefore, this chapter attempts to use the consumer equilibrium theory to further analyze. Based on the interview and questionnaire, three conclusions emerge from this study. First, the consumer equilibrium theory can explain why the middle-income group like the cheap housing in BSC. Second, consumer equilibrium theory can be used to analyze the BSC tenants’ hours allocation of a day. Third, although consumer equilibrium can provide additional explanations, Marx’s class analysis can help us understand that the young white-collars from underdeveloped provinces have reduced the cost of housing to support the parents who live in the home town.
Shangyi Zhou; Jing Zhang; Mengting Luo. Shantytown Tenants’ Housing Choice in Beijing: A Perspective from the Consumer Equilibrium Theory. Chinese Cities in the 21st Century 2020, 215 -236.
AMA StyleShangyi Zhou, Jing Zhang, Mengting Luo. Shantytown Tenants’ Housing Choice in Beijing: A Perspective from the Consumer Equilibrium Theory. Chinese Cities in the 21st Century. 2020; ():215-236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShangyi Zhou; Jing Zhang; Mengting Luo. 2020. "Shantytown Tenants’ Housing Choice in Beijing: A Perspective from the Consumer Equilibrium Theory." Chinese Cities in the 21st Century , no. : 215-236.
The issue of identity is very complex and determining the factors influencing cultural identity is a key issue. Several scholars have studied the factors influencing cultural identity. However, relatively little attention has been paid to how spatial factors influence cultural identity. This paper takes a historical and cultural conservation block in Beijing, China, as the research area. This area includes eight lanes and is called Eight Lanes in North Xisi. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that spatial changes in living conditions, layout, size, architectural form, and decoration, etc. in the courtyards led to changes in the traditional culture of the courtyards, which ceased to reflect the original residential culture, which led to a decline in cultural identity. Spatial factors directly affected the residents’ cultural identification with harmonious courtyard culture. This view adds nuance to debates about cultural identity and the factors that influence it. From the perspective of cultural geography and by using structural equation modelling, we draw two main conclusions. First, the smaller proportion of public space (The term “space” as it is used in this paper is based on the understanding of humanistic geographers and refers to physical space; it does not acquire meaning and cultures.) is one main factor affecting residents’ identification with the harmonious residential culture of the case area. Second, the greater population density of the courtyards is another main factor affecting residents’ identification with the area’s harmonious residential culture.
Zhifen Cheng; Shangyi Zhou; Baoxiu Zhang. The Spatial Factors of Cultural Identity: A Case Study of the Courtyards in a Historical Residential Area in Beijing. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2587 .
AMA StyleZhifen Cheng, Shangyi Zhou, Baoxiu Zhang. The Spatial Factors of Cultural Identity: A Case Study of the Courtyards in a Historical Residential Area in Beijing. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2587.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhifen Cheng; Shangyi Zhou; Baoxiu Zhang. 2018. "The Spatial Factors of Cultural Identity: A Case Study of the Courtyards in a Historical Residential Area in Beijing." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2587.
The importance of special contexts and historical contingency in explaining the mechanism of human-environment interactions is being increasingly emphasized by human geographers. However, their studies lack appropriate theories and an operational framework to apply a “contextualization” epistemology to explain human-environment interactions. Based on the theory of event ecology, this study establishes a new framework and illustrates it by presenting a case study of the world heritage site of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces (HHRT). This case study demonstrates that in the HHRT, although it is overwhelmingly believed that the sharp increase in the numbers of restaurants and hotels resulted in increased water usage and, consequently, a decreased amount of water for irrigation, in fact, the dry local terraces were mainly caused by continuously decreased precipitation, the planting of water-consuming crops in forests and deforestation in recent years. These factors were not objectively considered primarily because the unbalanced opportunities for residents to participate in tourism led to significant conflicts in the local community. Thus, the locals exaggerated the contribution of tourism to the dry terraces because they wanted the outsiders pay more attention to these conflicts. This study suggests that the new research framework can effectively avoid presupposition and presumption caused by the prior cognition among researchers and local people to objectively recognize the causes of changes in human-environment interactions. In addition, this study demonstrates that it is necessary to analyze the mechanism for changes in human-environment interactions in detail from the perspectives of local political, economic, and social contexts to enhance the sustainable development of cultural landscape heritage sites.
Honglian Hua; Shangyi Zhou; Zhiqiang Ding; Yujun Pan. The Change Mechanism of Human-Environment Interactions from the Perspective of Contextualization: A Case Study of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a World Cultural Heritage Site. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2230 .
AMA StyleHonglian Hua, Shangyi Zhou, Zhiqiang Ding, Yujun Pan. The Change Mechanism of Human-Environment Interactions from the Perspective of Contextualization: A Case Study of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a World Cultural Heritage Site. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHonglian Hua; Shangyi Zhou; Zhiqiang Ding; Yujun Pan. 2018. "The Change Mechanism of Human-Environment Interactions from the Perspective of Contextualization: A Case Study of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a World Cultural Heritage Site." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2230.
The sustainability of sacred mountains has attracted the attention of both international communities and scholars. However, few studies have focused on the sustainability mechanisms of sacred mountains in the cultural dimension. This article presents a case study of the Wu Yue, i.e., five sacred mountains in China, which is endowed with the highest status and has been a sustainable cultural heritage for more than two thousand years. Drawing on the approaches of structuralist geography and semiotics, this article seeks to systematically interpret the inheritance mechanism of the Wu Yue. Two major conclusions are drawn. First, based on the approach of structuralist geography, the spatial structure of the Wu Yue can be viewed as a surface structure that is determined by a deep structure: the Five Elements Philosophy. Despite the relocation of the South Yue and the North Yue, each mountain of the Wu Yue has almost always been located in the five cardinal directions of the territory in accordance with the Five Elements Philosophy; this fact shows that the deep structure is crucial to maintaining the sustainability of the Wu Yue. Second, based on the semiotic approach, the sign of the sacred mountains has three levels. It is the third level of the sign, consisting of the spatial pattern as signifier and the Five Elements Philosophy as signified, that distinguishes the Wu Yue from other sacred mountains and has allowed them to be inherited for many generations. Poststructuralism can explain the Chinese semiotics of sacred mountains, but it is difficult to interpret the sustainability of the Wu Yue.
Shangyi Zhou; Weilin Xu. Interpreting the Inheritance Mechanism of the Wu Yue Sacred Mountains in China Using Structuralist and Semiotic Approaches. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2127 .
AMA StyleShangyi Zhou, Weilin Xu. Interpreting the Inheritance Mechanism of the Wu Yue Sacred Mountains in China Using Structuralist and Semiotic Approaches. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShangyi Zhou; Weilin Xu. 2018. "Interpreting the Inheritance Mechanism of the Wu Yue Sacred Mountains in China Using Structuralist and Semiotic Approaches." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2127.
Urban planners like to label a historical area to highlight its historical value. From a perspective of postmodernism, people usually have multiple images of a historical area. Should the urban planners choose one of these many images as the label for the historical area? This study addresses this question. We apply Edward William Soja’s trialectics of spatiality to analyze Dongjiaominxiang (DJMX), a historical area in the center of Beijing. The results obtained are as follows: (1) the questionnaire shows the images of DJMX are different among groups and individuals; (2) interviews with four interviewees indicate that the image of DJMX changed in the mind of each interviewee when they looked at DJMX. These results support Soja’s trialectics of spatiality. This article concludes that urban planners do not need to label a historical area according to a specific image. Not labeling a historical area may give people more freedom to renew their own understanding. This study also reveals that the “Secondspace” may be a better starting point for analysis when using Soja’s trialectics of spatiality as a methodology.
Xin Li; Shangyi Zhou. The Trialectics of Spatiality: The Labeling of a Historical Area in Beijing. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1542 .
AMA StyleXin Li, Shangyi Zhou. The Trialectics of Spatiality: The Labeling of a Historical Area in Beijing. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Li; Shangyi Zhou. 2018. "The Trialectics of Spatiality: The Labeling of a Historical Area in Beijing." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1542.
Any World Heritage Cultural Landscape requires a clear boundary for administration. One of the administrative goals is sustainability. There is no widely identified way to demarcate the boundary of a World Heritage Cultural Landscape. This paper aims to explore a methodology framework to provide a holistic perspective for demarcating boundaries for a World Heritage Cultural Landscape. Honghe Hani Rice Terraces (HHRT) in Yunnan Province is a new World Heritage Cultural Landscape in China. We use it as a research area to illustrate the methodology framework. The framework of methodology is constructed based on four scales of a human-environment system identified by Anne Buttimer. It is used to describe the level of the sustainability of local economy, social organization, natural environment and people’s understanding of the human-environment. Four types of boundaries were investigated in this area. They are the boundary of Malizhai River Basin, the boundary of local water-allocation organization, the boundary of the economic network and the perceptual boundary of the human-environment system. With a comprehensive perspective, we integrated the four types of boundaries to judge the boundary of the core area of HHRT by three criteria, they are: Environmental sustainability, social justice, and the ability to create a new human-environment system. We conclude that some parts of the boundary of the core area of HHRT do not fit the criteria of sustainable development.
Honglian Hua; Shangyi Zhou. Human-Environment System Boundaries: A Case Study of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a World Heritage Cultural Landscape. Sustainability 2015, 7, 10733 -10755.
AMA StyleHonglian Hua, Shangyi Zhou. Human-Environment System Boundaries: A Case Study of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a World Heritage Cultural Landscape. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (8):10733-10755.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHonglian Hua; Shangyi Zhou. 2015. "Human-Environment System Boundaries: A Case Study of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a World Heritage Cultural Landscape." Sustainability 7, no. 8: 10733-10755.
The conception of contextualism in community planning emphasizes the integrity of architecture and its surroundings. It also implies the sustainability of landscape meaning within a community. In as much as planning theories have not mentioned how extensive the background of a community should be considered by a community planner, this paper will seek to answer this question. It considers Nanluoguxiang (NLGX), a community in the old city of Beijing, as the study area. Based on government documents, interviews of residents and also landscape observations in NLGX, this paper identifies the contextual practices in three renovation stages from the perspective of place uniqueness. The planners considered the background of NLGX at three different scales in its three renovation stages. In the last stage, they considered the entire country within the context of planning. NLGX has a unique image in Beijing, even within China. The image of it is the main market at the north end of the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal shows the spatial organization power of the ancient empire because it was the key food supply route for the capital. This is not only the cultural heritage of local residents of NLGX, but is also identified by other citizens in China. We conclude that an historical community can be preserved better by national funds if it has found a unique meaning of its landscape within a broader background.
Shangyi Zhou; Shaobo Zhang. Contextualism and Sustainability: A Community Renewal in Old City of Beijing. Sustainability 2015, 7, 747 -766.
AMA StyleShangyi Zhou, Shaobo Zhang. Contextualism and Sustainability: A Community Renewal in Old City of Beijing. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (1):747-766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShangyi Zhou; Shaobo Zhang. 2015. "Contextualism and Sustainability: A Community Renewal in Old City of Beijing." Sustainability 7, no. 1: 747-766.
Place is seen as a process whereby social and cultural forms are reproduced. This process is closely linked to capital flows, which are, in turn, shaped by changing property regimes. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between property regimes, capital flows and place-making. The goal of this paper is to highlight the role of changing property regimes in the production of place. Our research area is South Luogu Lane (SLL) in Central Beijing. We take elites’ former houses in SLL as the main unit of analysis in this study. From studying this changing landscape, we draw four main conclusions. First, the location of SSL was critical in enabling it to emerge as a high-status residential community near the imperial city. Second, historical patterns of capital accumulation influenced subsequent rounds of private investment into particular areas of SLL. Third, as laws relating to the ownership of land and real estate changed fundamentally in the early 1950s and again in the 1980s, the target and intensity of capital flows into housing in SLL changed too. Fourth, these changes in capital flow are linked to ongoing changes in the place image of SLL.
Zhifen Cheng; Shangyi Zhou; Stephen Young. Place, Capital Flows and Property Regimes: The Elites’ Former Houses in Beijing’s South Luogu Lane. Sustainability 2014, 7, 398 -421.
AMA StyleZhifen Cheng, Shangyi Zhou, Stephen Young. Place, Capital Flows and Property Regimes: The Elites’ Former Houses in Beijing’s South Luogu Lane. Sustainability. 2014; 7 (1):398-421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhifen Cheng; Shangyi Zhou; Stephen Young. 2014. "Place, Capital Flows and Property Regimes: The Elites’ Former Houses in Beijing’s South Luogu Lane." Sustainability 7, no. 1: 398-421.
No matter in which country, or which region, the purpose of a religious exhibition is a propagation of religious thoughts. There might be a large difference between countries having a national religion and having no national religion or government policies regarding religious exhibitions. For various reasons, no one has complete knowledge about the various religions within China or whether the Chinese are a religious people or not. A museum exhibition is considered an important way to promote Chinese religious culture. China has no national religion. A religious exhibition in a state-run museum provides a window to observe the state’s attitude toward religion. Observers want to know what it can tell and what it cannot tell. In China religious exhibitions are few; most are integrated with religious arts. This study discusses a religious cultural exhibition in the Capital Museum (in Beijing) as a case study. It analyzes the exhibits, exhibition design, texts of the exhibits and also includes comments from an interview with the museum’s curator, all which reflect his intentions. This chapter concludes that the state-run museum prepared the exhibition to make a point about religious pluralism in China, as well as a statement in P. R. China’s constitution which stipulates religious freedom. The curator chose to show the art value of religious exhibits rather than making as a statement of religious doctrine.
Shangyi Zhou; Stanley D. Brunn. The Religious Exhibition at the Capital Museum in Beijing: What It Tells Us and Does Not Tell Us. The Changing World Religion Map 2014, 2563 -2580.
AMA StyleShangyi Zhou, Stanley D. Brunn. The Religious Exhibition at the Capital Museum in Beijing: What It Tells Us and Does Not Tell Us. The Changing World Religion Map. 2014; ():2563-2580.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShangyi Zhou; Stanley D. Brunn. 2014. "The Religious Exhibition at the Capital Museum in Beijing: What It Tells Us and Does Not Tell Us." The Changing World Religion Map , no. : 2563-2580.
With the process of globalization, many political geographers and research institutions have begun to focus on borders and border areas. Faced with the current debate on the border policies, this paper reviews the former research relating to border studies and provides an evaluation of China’s border policies. The literatures on border effects reveal that national boundaries have a significant impact on the economic, social and cultural relations of both border regions. Because of these effects, each country has to adjust its border policies in different periods. In this paper, a perspective is provided for evaluating the effectiveness of China’s border policy based on the Kaldor-Hicks analysis method. We investigated the border policies in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province of China from 1949 to 2012, and evaluated the effectiveness of the border policy using the Kaldor-Hicks method. The conclusions include: first, the Kaldor-Hicks method can be seen as effective method to evaluate the effectiveness of China’s border policies. Second, based on the Kaldor-Hicks method, we observe the overall effects of the adjustments made to the border policies in Dehong Prefecture were positive. However, sometimes the border trade policy is good for the country as a whole, but not necessarily for Dehong Prefecture. For the sake of the whole country, adjustments in border trade policy need to be compensated by financial transfer payments. In addition, the combined effects of the cross-border marriages policy are not immediately obvious.
Qianlong Bie; Cansong Li; Shangyi Zhou. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Border Policies in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan, China. Sustainability 2014, 6, 5284 -5299.
AMA StyleQianlong Bie, Cansong Li, Shangyi Zhou. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Border Policies in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan, China. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (8):5284-5299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQianlong Bie; Cansong Li; Shangyi Zhou. 2014. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Border Policies in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan, China." Sustainability 6, no. 8: 5284-5299.