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The Hamburg wheel tracking test (HWTT) is widely used to evaluate the performance of asphalt mixtures. According to HWTT specifications, the stripping inflection point (SIP) and the rut depth at a certain number of load cycles are two common indicators for evaluating the moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures, respectively. Although these indicators have been used extensively by several transportation institutions, the reliability and stability in evaluating asphalt mixture behaviors of these indicators have been questioned. To more effectively evaluate the performance of asphalt mixture in the HWTT, this study introduces a novel method of analysis for the HWTT and novel indicators of rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility. The proposed method and indicators were employed to analyze the HWTT results of 14 field core specimens, and the proposed indicators were compared with conventional HWTT indicators to assess their capability of distinction between asphalt mixtures with different performance behaviors in the HWTT. The results indicate that the conventional HWTT indicators cannot effectively evaluate the asphalt mixtures with different performance in the HWTT. By contrast, the proposed analytic method and indicators have significant advantages to effectively evaluate and distinguish the rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures.
Wei-Han Wang; Chien-Wei Huang. Establishing Indicators and an Analytic Method for Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting Resistance Evaluation Using a Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test. Materials 2020, 13, 3269 .
AMA StyleWei-Han Wang, Chien-Wei Huang. Establishing Indicators and an Analytic Method for Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting Resistance Evaluation Using a Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test. Materials. 2020; 13 (15):3269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Han Wang; Chien-Wei Huang. 2020. "Establishing Indicators and an Analytic Method for Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting Resistance Evaluation Using a Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test." Materials 13, no. 15: 3269.
Potholes, one of the major types of distress on pavement surfaces, damage vehicles and are a safety hazard for the travelling public. In order to mitigate the effect of potholes, cold-mix asphalt (CMA) patching materials are commonly used for urgent repair of pavement surfaces before resurfacing can be undertaken. Therefore, the short-term (initial stability) and long-term (in-service durability) performance evaluation of CMA patching materials is necessary. This study conducted several curing conditions in the laboratory to investigate short-term, long-term, and moisture effects on pavement surfaces. Moreover, this study compared the Marshall stability of samples prepared under various compaction conditions. Marshall stability, Cantabro abrasion, and UK wheel tracking tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of CMA patching materials. The results indicated that the Marshall stability of dense-gradation (DG) CMA patching materials was higher than that of open-graded (OG) CMA patching materials and the Marshall stability of OG CMA patching materials was highly influenced by the coarse aggregate proportion. The DG and OG CMA patching materials exhibited comparable abrasion resistance, and the Cantabro abrasion ratio was highly correlated to the estimated asphalt film thickness for the OG CMA patching materials. A moisture indicator (MI) was proposed, and the effect of moisture damage on Marshall stability and Cantabro abrasion ratio was related to the proposed MI. The rutting resistance of the DG CMA patching materials was higher than that of the OG CMA patching materials, which is consistent with the Marshall stability result.
Chien-Wei Huang; Tsung-Han Yang; Guan-Bo Lin. The Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term Performance of Cold-Mix Asphalt Patching Materials. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 2020, 1 -11.
AMA StyleChien-Wei Huang, Tsung-Han Yang, Guan-Bo Lin. The Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term Performance of Cold-Mix Asphalt Patching Materials. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 2020 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien-Wei Huang; Tsung-Han Yang; Guan-Bo Lin. 2020. "The Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term Performance of Cold-Mix Asphalt Patching Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020, no. : 1-11.
The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is a widely used nondestructive test (NDT) device in pavement infrastructure. A FWD test measures the surface deflections subjected to an applied impact loading and the modulus of pavement layers can be determined by back-calculating the measured deflections. However, the modulus of asphalt layers is significantly influenced by temperature; hence, the temperature correction must be considered in back-calculation to evaluate the moduli of asphalt layers at a reference temperature. In addition, the in situ temperature at various pavement depths is difficult to measure. A model for evaluating the temperature at various depths must be established to estimate the in situ temperature of asphalt layers. This study collected the temperature data from a FWD test site to establish a temperature-evaluation model for various depths. The cored specimens from the test site were obtained to conduct dynamic modulus tests for asphalt layers. The FWD tests were applied at the FWD test site and the back-calculation was performed with temperature correction using the frequency-temperature superposition principle. The back-calculated moduli of asphalt layers were compared with the master curve of dynamic modulus to verify the application of the frequency-temperature superposition principle for FWD back-calculation. The results show that the proposed temperature-evaluation model can effectively evaluate the temperature at various depths of pavement. Moreover, the frequency-temperature superposition principle can be effectively employed to conduct temperature correction for FWD back-calculation.
Jung-Chun Lai; Jung Liu; Chien-Wei Huang. The Application of Frequency-Temperature Superposition Principle for Back-Calculation of Falling Weight Deflectometer. Applied Sciences 2019, 10, 132 .
AMA StyleJung-Chun Lai, Jung Liu, Chien-Wei Huang. The Application of Frequency-Temperature Superposition Principle for Back-Calculation of Falling Weight Deflectometer. Applied Sciences. 2019; 10 (1):132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Chun Lai; Jung Liu; Chien-Wei Huang. 2019. "The Application of Frequency-Temperature Superposition Principle for Back-Calculation of Falling Weight Deflectometer." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1: 132.
This paper presents a systematic and straightforward analysis procedure to extract the material parameters associated with a coupled nonlinear viscoelastic (VE), viscoplastic (VP), and hardening-relaxation (HR) constitutive model for asphalt mixtures. The recoverable and irrecoverable strain are represented by Schapery nonlinear VE model and Perzyna-type VP theory, respectively. A HR model is proposed to consider the relaxation of hardening. Dynamic moduli and repeated creep-recovery tests are used to calibrate the coupled VE-VP-HR model. The model is then validated against independent experimental data. Results show that the VE-VP-HR model has the ability to capture the response of asphalt mixtures subjected to various loading paths.
Masoud K. Darabi; Chien-Wei Huang; Mohammad Bazzaz; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little. Characterization and validation of the nonlinear viscoelastic-viscoplastic with hardening-relaxation constitutive relationship for asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 216, 648 -660.
AMA StyleMasoud K. Darabi, Chien-Wei Huang, Mohammad Bazzaz, Eyad A. Masad, Dallas N. Little. Characterization and validation of the nonlinear viscoelastic-viscoplastic with hardening-relaxation constitutive relationship for asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 216 ():648-660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasoud K. Darabi; Chien-Wei Huang; Mohammad Bazzaz; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little. 2019. "Characterization and validation of the nonlinear viscoelastic-viscoplastic with hardening-relaxation constitutive relationship for asphalt mixtures." Construction and Building Materials 216, no. : 648-660.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of the vertical deformation between the scaled-down pavement test and full-scale pavement structure according to the theory of similitude-based analysis procedure. Finite element analysis used to investigate and establish the relationship between the scaled-down and full-scale models. Four scaled-down models with scaling factors of 0.9, 0.75, 0.6, and 0.45 with two types of constitutive models of asphalt concrete materials, elastic and viscoelastic, are considered. The results show that the vertical deformation in the full-scale model achieved by applying a vertical shift to the vertical deformation in the scaled-down model. The vertical shift factor varies linearly in normal and logarithm scale with the scaling factor from 0.9 to 0.45 for linear elastic and viscoelastic material, respectively. Moreover, this study proposes a systematic analysis procedure to determine the testing temperature in the SALS test at a specific loading speed by using the time–temperature superposition principle. This study contributes considerably to preliminary understanding of the relationship between the scaled-down tester in the laboratory and the full-scale model according to the theory of similitude.
Shih-Hsien Yang; Chien-Wei Huang; Yi-Ning Sun; Hery Awan Susanto. The development of the Scaled Accelerated Loading Simulator facility and transfer functions to the full-scale pavement using theory of similitude by finite element analysis. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 2018 .
AMA StyleShih-Hsien Yang, Chien-Wei Huang, Yi-Ning Sun, Hery Awan Susanto. The development of the Scaled Accelerated Loading Simulator facility and transfer functions to the full-scale pavement using theory of similitude by finite element analysis. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology. 2018; ():.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShih-Hsien Yang; Chien-Wei Huang; Yi-Ning Sun; Hery Awan Susanto. 2018. "The development of the Scaled Accelerated Loading Simulator facility and transfer functions to the full-scale pavement using theory of similitude by finite element analysis." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology , no. : .
This paper focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different finite element (FE) modelling techniques and material constitutive models on predicting rutting in asphalt pavements under repeated loading conditions. Different simplified 2D and more realistic 3D loading techniques are simulated and compared for predicting asphalt rutting. This study also evaluates and compares the rutting performance predictions using different material constitutive behaviours such as viscoelastic–viscoplastic, elasto-viscoplastic and coupled viscoelastic, viscoplastic and viscodamage behaviours. The simulations show that the assumption of the equivalency between a pulse loading and an equivalent loading, which are commonly used as simplified loading assumptions for predicting rutting, is reasonable for viscoelastic–viscoplastic and elasto-viscoplastic constitutive behaviours. However, these loading assumptions and material constitutive models overestimate rutting as damage grows. Results show that the 2D plane strain FE simulations significantly overestimate rutting as compared with the rutting performance predictions from more realistic 3D FE simulations.
Rashid Abu Al-Rub; Masoud K. Darabi; Chien-Wei Huang; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little. Comparing finite element and constitutive modelling techniques for predicting rutting of asphalt pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2012, 13, 322 -338.
AMA StyleRashid Abu Al-Rub, Masoud K. Darabi, Chien-Wei Huang, Eyad A. Masad, Dallas N. Little. Comparing finite element and constitutive modelling techniques for predicting rutting of asphalt pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2012; 13 (4):322-338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRashid Abu Al-Rub; Masoud K. Darabi; Chien-Wei Huang; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little. 2012. "Comparing finite element and constitutive modelling techniques for predicting rutting of asphalt pavements." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 13, no. 4: 322-338.
Masoud K. Darabi; Rashid Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Chien-Wei Huang; Dallas N. Little. A modified viscoplastic model to predict the permanent deformation of asphaltic materials under cyclic-compression loading at high temperatures. International Journal of Plasticity 2012, 35, 100 -134.
AMA StyleMasoud K. Darabi, Rashid Abu Al-Rub, Eyad A. Masad, Chien-Wei Huang, Dallas N. Little. A modified viscoplastic model to predict the permanent deformation of asphaltic materials under cyclic-compression loading at high temperatures. International Journal of Plasticity. 2012; 35 ():100-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasoud K. Darabi; Rashid Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Chien-Wei Huang; Dallas N. Little. 2012. "A modified viscoplastic model to predict the permanent deformation of asphaltic materials under cyclic-compression loading at high temperatures." International Journal of Plasticity 35, no. : 100-134.
This study presents the numerical implementation and validation of a constitutive model for describing the nonlinear behaviour of asphalt mixes. This model incorporates nonlinear viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity to predict the recoverable and irrecoverable responses, respectively. The model is represented in a numerical formulation and implemented in a finite element code using a recursive–iterative algorithm for nonlinear viscoelasticity and the radial return algorithm for viscoplasticity. Then the model is used to analyse the behaviour of asphalt mixtures subjected to single creep-recovery tests at different stress levels and temperatures. This experimental analysis includes the separation of the viscoelastic and viscoplastic strain components and identification of the material parameters associated with these components. Finally, the model is applied and verified against a set of creep-recovery tests at different stress levels and temperatures.
Chien-Wei Huang; Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little; Gordon Airey. Numerical implementation and validation of a nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic model for asphalt mixes. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2011, 12, 433 -447.
AMA StyleChien-Wei Huang, Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub, Eyad A. Masad, Dallas N. Little, Gordon Airey. Numerical implementation and validation of a nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic model for asphalt mixes. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2011; 12 (4):433-447.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien-Wei Huang; Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little; Gordon Airey. 2011. "Numerical implementation and validation of a nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic model for asphalt mixes." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 12, no. 4: 433-447.
The writers recently developed a nonlinear viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model, in order to represent the response of asphalt mixtures under different temperatures and rates of loading. This model has been implemented in the finite-element (FE) code Abaqus via the user material subroutine UMAT, and it was verified through comparisons with experimental data of asphalt mixtures at various stress levels and temperatures. This research develops a three-dimensional FE model using Abaqus to represent a three-layer pavement structure and to simulate the viscoelastic and viscoplastic responses under repeated loading at different temperatures. The results demonstrate the capability of the model in simulating the influence of temperature on permanent deformation and in predicting viscoelastic and viscoplastic strain distributions in the asphalt layer. The simulations show that tensile viscoplastic strain accumulates at the pavement surface, a phenomenon that could be associated with cracking of asphalt pavements. In addition, the results show that at high pavement temperature (40°C) , tensile viscoplastic strain develops at the sides of the applied load due to asphalt mixture heave associated with permanent deformation and dilation.
Chien-Wei Huang; Rashid Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little. Three-Dimensional Simulations of Asphalt Pavement Permanent Deformation Using a Nonlinear Viscoelastic and Viscoplastic Model. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2011, 23, 56 -68.
AMA StyleChien-Wei Huang, Rashid Abu Al-Rub, Eyad A. Masad, Dallas N. Little. Three-Dimensional Simulations of Asphalt Pavement Permanent Deformation Using a Nonlinear Viscoelastic and Viscoplastic Model. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2011; 23 (1):56-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien-Wei Huang; Rashid Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Dallas N. Little. 2011. "Three-Dimensional Simulations of Asphalt Pavement Permanent Deformation Using a Nonlinear Viscoelastic and Viscoplastic Model." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 23, no. 1: 56-68.
A temperature-dependent viscodamage model is proposed and coupled to the temperature-dependent Schapery’s nonlinear viscoelasticity and the temperature-dependent Perzyna’s viscoplasticity constitutive model presented in Abu Al-Rub et al., 2009, Huang et al., in press in order to model the nonlinear constitutive behavior of asphalt mixes. The thermo-viscodamage model is formulated to be a function of temperature, total effective strain, and the damage driving force which is expressed in terms of the stress invariants of the effective stress in the undamaged configuration. This expression for the damage force allows for the distinction between the influence of compression and extension loading conditions on damage nucleation and growth. A systematic procedure for obtaining the thermo-viscodamage model parameters using creep test data at different stress levels and different temperatures is presented. The recursive-iterative and radial return algorithms are used for the numerical implementation of the nonlinear viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity models, respectively, whereas the viscodamage model is implemented using the effective (undamaged) configuration concept. Numerical algorithms are implemented in the well-known finite element code Abaqus via the user material subroutine UMAT. The model is then calibrated and verified by comparing the model predictions with experimental data that include creep-recovery, creep, and uniaxial constant strain rate tests over a range of temperatures, stress levels, and strain rates. It is shown that the presented constitutive model is capable of predicting the nonlinear behavior of asphaltic mixes under different loading conditions.
Masoud K. Darabi; Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Chien-Wei Huang; Dallas N. Little. A thermo-viscoelastic–viscoplastic–viscodamage constitutive model for asphaltic materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures 2011, 48, 191 -207.
AMA StyleMasoud K. Darabi, Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub, Eyad A. Masad, Chien-Wei Huang, Dallas N. Little. A thermo-viscoelastic–viscoplastic–viscodamage constitutive model for asphaltic materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2011; 48 (1):191-207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasoud K. Darabi; Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub; Eyad A. Masad; Chien-Wei Huang; Dallas N. Little. 2011. "A thermo-viscoelastic–viscoplastic–viscodamage constitutive model for asphaltic materials." International Journal of Solids and Structures 48, no. 1: 191-207.
This paper presents analyses of the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of unaged and aged asphalt binders tested using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at several temperatures and frequencies. It was not possible to conduct all DSR tests at the same range of stresses, which is necessary for establishing the master curve for nonlinear viscoelastic materials. Therefore, the stress levels for each test, at a given temperature and frequency, were normalized by the ultimate stress level of that test. Consequently, all test results were transformed to a common range of normalized stresses that were used in establishing the master curve. A phenomenological model was used to obtain the creep response of the binders in the time domain from the normalized frequency domain measurements. Then, the Schapery single integral equation was used to model the binder nonlinear creep response. A master curve at a reference temperature of 30 °C was formed using the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) at selected normalized stress levels. The Schapery’s nonlinear stress dependent parameters (g1g2) were determined by vertical shifting the master curves at the different normalized stress levels. An aging shift factor was used to obtain the aged binder response from the properties of the unaged binder. The aging-time shift factor was found to be a function of temperature, but independent of stress level. The nonlinear viscoelastic model was implemented in the ABAQUS finite element (FE) software and used to back calculate the creep response of the unaged and aged binders. The FE results were in very good agreements with the experimental measurements.
Eyad Masad; Chien-Wei Huang; Gordon Airey; Anastasia Muliana. Nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of unaged and aged asphalt binders. Construction and Building Materials 2008, 22, 2170 -2179.
AMA StyleEyad Masad, Chien-Wei Huang, Gordon Airey, Anastasia Muliana. Nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of unaged and aged asphalt binders. Construction and Building Materials. 2008; 22 (11):2170-2179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEyad Masad; Chien-Wei Huang; Gordon Airey; Anastasia Muliana. 2008. "Nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of unaged and aged asphalt binders." Construction and Building Materials 22, no. 11: 2170-2179.
This study presents characterization of the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of hot mix asphalt (HMA) at different temperatures and strain levels using the Schapery nonlinear viscoelastic model. This model is employed to describe experimental measurements of two asphalt mixes under several combined temperatures and strain levels. The master curve is created for each strain level using time temperature superposition principle (TTSP) with a reference temperature of 40°C. The measurements at strain levels higher than 0.01% are used to determine the nonlinear viscoelastic parameters in the model. The FE model with the calibrated time-dependent and nonlinear material parameters is used to simulate the creep experimental tests, and good predictions are shown.
Chien-Wei Huang; Eyad Masad; Anastasia H. Muliana; Hussain Bahia. Analysis of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mixtures. Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Materials and Systems 2007, 64 -72.
AMA StyleChien-Wei Huang, Eyad Masad, Anastasia H. Muliana, Hussain Bahia. Analysis of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mixtures. Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Materials and Systems. 2007; ():64-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien-Wei Huang; Eyad Masad; Anastasia H. Muliana; Hussain Bahia. 2007. "Analysis of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mixtures." Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Materials and Systems , no. : 64-72.
This study presents the characterization of the nonlinearly viscoelastic behavior of hot mix asphalt (HMA) at different temperatures and strain levels using Schapery’s model. A recursive-iterative numerical algorithm is generated for the nonlinearly viscoelastic response and implemented in a displacement-based finite element (FE) code. Then, this model is employed to describe experimental frequency sweep measurements of two asphalt mixes with fine and coarse gradations under several combined temperatures and shear strain levels. The frequency sweep measurements are converted to creep responses in the time domain using a phenomenological model (Prony series). The master curve is created for each strain level using the time temperature superposition principle (TTSP) with a reference temperature of 40°C. The linear time-dependent parameters of the Prony series are first determined by fitting a master curve created at the lowest strain level, which in this case is 0.01%. The measurements at strain levels higher than 0.01% are analyzed and used to determine the nonlinear parameters. These parameters are shown to increase with increasing strain levels, while the time–temperature shift function is found to be independent of strain levels. The FE model with the calibrated time-dependent and nonlinear material parameters is used to simulate the creep experimental tests, and reasonable predictions are shown.
Chien-Wei Huang; Eyad Masad; Anastasia H. Muliana; Hussain Bahia. Nonlinearly viscoelastic analysis of asphalt mixes subjected to shear loading. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 2007, 11, 91 -110.
AMA StyleChien-Wei Huang, Eyad Masad, Anastasia H. Muliana, Hussain Bahia. Nonlinearly viscoelastic analysis of asphalt mixes subjected to shear loading. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials. 2007; 11 (2):91-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien-Wei Huang; Eyad Masad; Anastasia H. Muliana; Hussain Bahia. 2007. "Nonlinearly viscoelastic analysis of asphalt mixes subjected to shear loading." Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 11, no. 2: 91-110.
The nonlinear models of pavement base and subgrade were briefly reviewed. Subroutines of the three-dimensional finite-element analysis in the ABAQUS package were developed for nonlinear behavior of a coarse-grained base and subgrade. The programs were validated by comparing them with the theoretical-solution-based program BISAR and the 2D finite-element program ILLI-PAVE. Significant discrepancy was found between the 3D analysis and the 2D axisymmetric analysis, especially for the deformation results. It was also found that the stiffness matrices of the nonlinear materials were not symmetrical, which causes accuracy problems in those programs based on 2D axisymmetry formulations. The results of nonlinear analysis and linear analysis were also compared. It was concluded that the determinations of the resilient modulus for the linear models is critical to interpret the behaviors of nonlinear materials.
Chen-Ming Kuo; Chien-Wei Huang. Three-Dimensional Pavement Analysis with Nonlinear Subgrade Materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2006, 18, 537 -544.
AMA StyleChen-Ming Kuo, Chien-Wei Huang. Three-Dimensional Pavement Analysis with Nonlinear Subgrade Materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2006; 18 (4):537-544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen-Ming Kuo; Chien-Wei Huang. 2006. "Three-Dimensional Pavement Analysis with Nonlinear Subgrade Materials." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 18, no. 4: 537-544.