The processes of interaction of liquid droplets with solid surfaces have become of interest to many researchers. The achievements of world science should be used for the development of technologies for spray cooling, metal hardening, inkjet printing, anti-icing surfaces, fire extinguishing, fuel spraying, etc. Collisions of drops with surfaces significantly affect the conditions and characteristics of heat transfer. One of the main areas of research into the interaction of drops with solid surfaces is the modification of the latter. Changes in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of surfaces give the materials various functional properties—increased heat transfer, resistance to corrosion and biofouling, anti-icing, etc. This review paper describes methods for obtaining hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. The features of the interaction of liquid droplets with such surfaces are considered. The existing and possible applications of modified surfaces are discussed, as well as topical areas of research.

Differences in the rates of heating and evaporation of droplets with the component composition are important parameters of heat transfer processes and phase transformations. This paper presents the values of high-temperature (up to 600 °C) evaporation rates of droplets of promising fire-extinguishing compositions (water, bentonite suspension, bischofite solution, EA-5 solution, and foaming agent emulsion) at convective (in the air stream), conductive (on a heated surface), and radiation (in a muffle furnace) heating. A high-speed video recording system and tracking software algorithms are used. At identical initial sizes of droplets of fire-extinguishing suspensions, known as emulsions and solutions, the times of their complete evaporation are shown to differ 3.7 times when heating on the substrate, 1.25 times in the air flow, and 1.9 times in the muffle furnace. A general approximation expression is formulated, and the empirical constants are calculated to predict the evaporation rate of the droplets of extinguishing agents in a wide range of temperatures (up to 600 °C) and heat fluxes (up to 100 kW/m²), which are characteristic of forest fires. With the use of the experimental data obtained, it is possible to predict the completeness of evaporation of promising extinguishing liquids at different schemes of heat supply.

This work presents the experimental results of the studying the effect of surface roughness, microstructure and liquid flow rate on the dynamic contact angle during spreading of distilled nondeaerated water drop on a solid horizontal substrate. Copper and steel substrates with different roughness have been investigated. Three spreading modes were conventionally indicated. It was found that the spreading of drops on substrates made of different materials occurs in similar modes. However, the duration of each mode for substrates made of copper and steel are different. Spreading of a liquid above the asperities of a surface micro relief was observed to be dominant for large volumetric flow rates of drops (0.01 ml/s). Liquid was spreading inside the grooves of a rough substrate at low rates (0.005 ml/s).