Even though, the disclosure of HIV sero- status to sexual partners, friends or relatives is the main tool for prevention and care strategies, most of the HIV/AIDS patients do not inform their close friends. The most common reasons for not disclosure of their status to the community were majorly fear of social rejection and discriminations. Therefore, this study assessed the HIV positive sero-status disclosure and its determinants among People Living with HIV /AIDS (PLWH/A) followed by the Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Clinic in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. A facility based cross-sectional study design was used among 351 ART patients that selected by systematic random sampling from ART clinic of Jimma University Specialized Hospital in March-2014. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. In a descriptive analysis frequency, mean and percentage were calculated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify associated factors and the association between the explanatory and dependent variables was estimated. Only 37.6% (n = 132) were revealed their HIV positive status to anyone. Disclosure was done towards the sexual partners (88.6%), close family (72.7%) and a larger population (18.2%). Age ≤ 39 years (AOR = 0.014 [95%, CI = 0.005, 0.037]),Male sex (AOR = 3.039, [95% CI = 1.164, 7.935]), WHO stage III – IV at ART start(AOR = 2.766, [95%, CI = 1.321, 5.791]), presence of comorbidity (AOR = 2.500, [95%, CI = 1.483, 4.214]), having any clinical symptoms for HIV(AOR = 2.98, [95%, CI = 1.724, 5.152]),Low physical domain related quality of life (AOR = 3.83, [95%, CI = 2.008, 7.315]) and high social domain related quality of life (AOR = 0.053, [95%, CI = 0.022, 0.125]) were statistically significant association with their HIV sero-status disclosure. Findings of this study indicated, the disclosure of HIV status is very low. Discloser is more likely when the patient is older, male, and has a higher level of education. Clinical determinants for disclosure was the WHO stage III-IV, treatment duration of ≥2 years, comorbidity, presence of clinical symptoms for HIV, low physical domain related quality of life, low social domain related quality of life and low overall quality of life.

Background: Therapeutic communication can assist nurses in achieving their goals. Effective nurse-patient communication can improve clinical outcomes and boosts patient satisfaction. But, there is an arming gap in therapeutic communication between nurses and patients in Ethiopia, which hinders the quality of nursing care. Some studies have been done on therapeutic and its barriers. Nevertheless, those studies did not fully address factors from different perspectives and were supported by nursing theories or models. Therefore, this study aimed to fill these gaps in the study setting. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 nurses working in public hospitals of Gamo zone from December 1, 2021, to January 30, 2022. Out of the six hospitals in the Gamo zone, three were selected by simple random sampling method. The data were collected by an interview-administered Open Data Kit survey tool and analyzed by SAS version 9.4. Descriptive statistics were computed and a generalized linear model was used to identify associated factors. Results: In this study, a standardized percentage of the maximum scale of therapeutic communication was 52.32%. Of the participants, 40.4% had high, 25.0% moderate, and 34.6% had low levels of therapeutic communication. Age, marital status, and qualification showed significant and positive relationships with the overall therapeutic communication. However, sex, working unit, nurse burnout, lack of empathy from nurses, challenging nursing tasks, lack of privacy, use of technical terms by nurses, lack of confidence in nurses, stress, unfamiliarity with the nursing job description, shortage of nurses, insufficient knowledge, lack of participation in decision making, and having contagious disease showed a significant and negative relationship with overall therapeutic communication. Conclusions: This finding indicates a gap in therapeutic communication between nurses and patients, and modifiable factors are identified. Therefore, giving opportunities for nurses to improve their qualifications, a special attention to nurses working in stressful areas, sharing the burden of nurses, involving nurses and patients in decision-making, and motivating and creating a positive working environment is vital to improving therapeutic communication.

Effective learning-teaching process is ensured when students interact and actively participate in the learning process. Though most instructors stressed the value of active participation in classrooms of universities and colleges, achieving success in eliciting it appears more difficult. There is high tendency of instructors in higher institutions to cover the tasks and responsibilities of their students. The main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of and to identify strategies for improving active participation in classroom among nursing and midwifery students. Institution based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jimma University onrandomlyselected 126 students (81 nursing and 45 midwifery). The collected data were coded, checked and cleaned and entered into SPSS version 23 for analysis. Simple descriptive statistics was used to see the frequency distribution whereas cross-tabulation and Pearson Chi-square test were used to see the association between variables. Majority, 106 (84.1%) of the students had good knowledge about the benefits of active participation in classroom and they suggested strategies to be used by regular classroom teachers to improve students’ participation. Students’ academic year has shown statistically significant association with their knowledge about active participation. The authors of this study strongly recommend instructors to use active learning methods and department heads need to follow teaching methods implemented by their respective faculty.

Background The time spent between referring and receiving health facilities is an important determinant of the outcome of the referred patients/clients especially among women in low income countries due to poor access to early and appropriate referrals. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the average time spent between referring and service utilization at receiving health facility.Methods A cross-sectional study was employed by using time and motion approach. Structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used for collecting data. SPSS 21 version was used for data analysis and binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify a variable which has a significant association on the basis of OR, 95% CI and a P value of less than 0.05.Result A total of 266 women were participated in the study with the mean age of the study population is 24.65(± 5.03) years. Majority 223(83.8%) of the participants came for maternal health services and more than half 143(53.8%) of the respondents were self-referrals. Amongst the referred cases the main reason for the referral was for further evaluation and management. Women spent a maximum of 540 minutes on the way to arrive at receiving health facility. Residence and distance were the predictor variables for average time spent. More than two fifth of the women wait more than three hours to get the service at receiving health facility. Residence and distance were the determinant variables for average time spent.Conclusion In general, women wait a maximum of one and half hours to contact health care providers for assessment and more than two fifth of the women wait more than three hours to get the service at receiving health facility. Giving due emphasis to referral system as an integral part of maternal health was essential.