One of the most common post-operative complications of tooth extraction is pain. Oral analgesics, namely loxoprofen sodium and diclofenac potassium, are often prescribed; however, the efficacy of these drugs irrespective of gender and type of extraction has not been tested. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of these two drugs in post-dental extraction pain relief among male and female patients in cases of simple and surgical tooth extraction. A single-center, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted among 100 male and female patients who underwent tooth extraction at Taibah University Dental College and Hospital in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The patients reported their pain post-operatively after 6 hours and every 12 h for 3 days using the Verbal Descriptor Scale (e.g., “no pain”, “mild pain”). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were run to analyze the data. An equal number of patients received either the drug loxoprofen sodium or diclofenac potassium and completed the study follow-up. Patients allocated to the diclofenac potassium drug group after 36 h were statistically significantly in their reporting of “no pain” and “mild pain” compared to patients allocated to the loxoprofen sodium group (86% vs. 66%, respectively; p = 0.019), irrespective of gender or type of tooth extraction. However, both groups demonstrated comparable (p > 0.05) post-operative pain relief over the other aforementioned allocated time intervals. In conclusion, the diclofenac potassium group had slightly better control over post-operative pain than the group receiving loxoprofen sodium.

Aims: This study was aimed to develop a framework based on the existing knowledge among interns and dental students of their awareness of anesthesia technique which may help improve the treatment services provided to the community. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. Place and Duration of Study: College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia between March 2017 and September 2017. Methodology: The knowledge of Periodontal ligament (PDL) injection as a substitute technique for inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) used by interns and dental students when performing tooth extraction. This was investigated using a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions and was distributed among 4^th, 5^th year students and interns at the college of dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Survey participants were asked about commonly administered injection techniques for extraction, awareness of periodontal ligament injection, periodontal injection technique, its point of entry, patient response, its effectiveness and the most common indication. Statistical software SPSS® for mac .20, Chicago, IL, USA was used for statistical analysis. Results: Injection technique commonly used for tooth extraction was 58.2%, 35.8% and 6% for nerve block, infiltration and PDL injection 6% respectively, significant difference at P- value (P≤0.05) was found between different academic level. Awareness of the PDL injection technique was 76.1% while 23.9% wasn’t aware, significant difference at P- value (P≤0.05) was found between different academic levels. Points of entry of PDL injection was 74.6%, 19.4% and 6% for gingival sulcus, attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa respectively, significant difference at P- value (P≤0.05) was found between different academic level. Participants using PDL injection for extraction and endodontic treatment was 44% while 56% not using it, significant difference at P- value (P≤0.05) was found between different academic levels. Patient response for periodontal injection was good for 50.7% of participants, significant difference at P- value (P≤0.05) was found between different academic level. Conclusion: Most students know about PDL injection, but they only used it when routine IANB fails, they are also familiar with the technique, but need to increase their knowledge regarding indications and limitations of PDL injection.

The first topical antibiotic introduced to endodontics was Grossman’s polyantibiotic paste in 1951, later many topical antibiotics have been introduced with varying combinations, few of those include Septomixine forte; PBSC