The exploitation of shape-stabilized phase change materials with high thermal conductivity and energy storage capacity is an effective strategy for improving energy efficiency. In this work, sunflower stem carbon/polyethylene glycol (SS-PEG) and sunflower receptacle carbon/polyethylene glycol (SR-PEG) shape-stabilized phase change materials, utilizing sunflower stem and receptacle biomass carbon with high specific surface area and pore volume obtained by carbonization as frameworks and polyethylene glycol as an energy storage material, were prepared by the vacuum impregnation method. The ability to load polyethylene glycol into the pore structure of carbon materials in different sunflower parts was mainly investigated, and the micro-morphology, compositional structure and thermal properties were characterized and analyzed using SEM, IR spectroscopy, XRD, DSC and TG techniques. The results showed that the carbonized sunflower stems maintained the sieve pore structure, and the carbonized sunflower receptacle was a macroporous structure containing a large number of three-dimensional interconnections. At the same time, the interaction between polyethylene glycol and each carbon material occurred through physisorption. The melting enthalpies of SS-PEG and SR-PEG shape-stabilized phase change materials were 153.4 J g⁻¹ and 171.5 J g⁻¹, respectively, and the loading rates reached 81.9% and 91.5%, with initial thermal decomposition temperatures (T_5%) of 344 °C and 368 °C.