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Nikos Mastorakis
Department of Industrial Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria

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Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Electronics
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This paper presents a new, efficient asynchronous early output majority voter that can be used to effectively realize an asynchronous triple modular redundancy (TMR) implementation. For the input-output mode asynchronous realization, the dual-rail code was used for data encoding and four phase return-to-zero and return-to-one handshake schemes were separately used for data communication. The proposed majority voter requires 62.8% less area and dissipates 37% less power on average compared to the best of the existing asynchronous majority voters while considering both handshake schemes. Importantly, the reductions in area and power are achieved without sacrificing the speed. Example TMR implementations show that the proposed majority voter leads to simultaneous reductions in cycle time, silicon area, and power dissipation. As a result, the proposed majority voter enables improved optimization in figure-of-merits such as area–cycle time product, power–cycle time product, and area–cycle time–power product for TMR implementations utilizing it compared to TMR implementations incorporating other majority voters. The circuits were implemented using a 32/28-nm CMOS technology.

ACS Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Nikos Mastorakis. Area, Power and Speed Optimized Early Output Majority Voter for Asynchronous TMR Implementation. Electronics 2021, 10, 1425 .

AMA Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian, Nikos Mastorakis. Area, Power and Speed Optimized Early Output Majority Voter for Asynchronous TMR Implementation. Electronics. 2021; 10 (12):1425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Nikos Mastorakis. 2021. "Area, Power and Speed Optimized Early Output Majority Voter for Asynchronous TMR Implementation." Electronics 10, no. 12: 1425.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Symmetry
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In this paper, the transfer functions related to one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) filters have been theoretically and numerically investigated. The finite impulse response (FIR), as well as the infinite impulse response (IIR) are the main 2-D filters which have been investigated. More specifically, methods like the Windows method, the bilinear transformation method, the design of 2-D filters from appropriate 1-D functions and the design of 2-D filters using optimization techniques have been presented.

ACS Style

V. Stavrou; I. Tsoulos; Nikos Mastorakis. Transformations for FIR and IIR Filters’ Design. Symmetry 2021, 13, 533 .

AMA Style

V. Stavrou, I. Tsoulos, Nikos Mastorakis. Transformations for FIR and IIR Filters’ Design. Symmetry. 2021; 13 (4):533.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Stavrou; I. Tsoulos; Nikos Mastorakis. 2021. "Transformations for FIR and IIR Filters’ Design." Symmetry 13, no. 4: 533.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2020 in Symmetry
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Asynchronous quasi-delay-insensitive (QDI) implementation of approximate addition is described in this article. The objective is to provide an insight into the optimization in design metrics that can be achieved with approximate addition compared to accurate addition based on a QDI implementation by considering a practical digital image processing application. For the QDI implementation, some approximate adder architectures are considered which are deemed suitable for both ASIC and FPGA based implementations. The accurate and approximate adders considered are of size 32-bits. The delay-insensitive dual-rail code was used for data encoding, and four-phase return-to-zero (RTZ) and return-to-one (RTO) handshake protocols were used separately for data communication. The implementations used a 32/28-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The simulation results show that an approximate adder HOERAA achieves a 19.7% reduction in cycle time, a 12.5% reduction in area, and an 17.7% reduction in energy compared to the accurate adder for RTZ handshaking. For RTO handshaking, HOERAA achieves an 18.7% reduction in cycle time, a 12.4% reduction in area, and a 16.6% reduction in energy compared to the accurate adder. Another approximate adder HEAA achieves a 19.7% reduction in cycle time, a 12.9% reduction in area, and a 20.2% reduction in energy, compared to the accurate adder for RTZ handshaking. For RTO handshaking, HEAA achieves an 18.7% reduction in cycle time, a 12.9% reduction in area, and a 19.2% reduction in energy compared to the accurate adder. Nevertheless, the RTO handshaking is preferable to RTZ handshaking as the former facilities slightly better optimizations in design metrics compared to the latter. The mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE), which are popular error metrics used in approximate computing, were calculated for the approximate adders and are given for a comparison. While the MAE of HOERAA and HEAA are comparable, HOERAA has 8.6% reduced RMSE compared to HEAA. Digital image processing results based on accurate and approximate additions are also given, to substantiate the usefulness of approximate addition.

ACS Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Nikos E. Mastorakis. Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Implementation of Approximate Addition. Symmetry 2020, 12, 1919 .

AMA Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian, Nikos E. Mastorakis. Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Implementation of Approximate Addition. Symmetry. 2020; 12 (11):1919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Nikos E. Mastorakis. 2020. "Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Implementation of Approximate Addition." Symmetry 12, no. 11: 1919.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2019 in Electronics
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Multiplication is a widely used arithmetic operation in microprocessing and digital signal processing applications, and multiplication is realized using a multiplier. This article presents the quasi-delay-insensitive (QDI) early output versions of recently reported indicating asynchronous array multipliers. Delay-insensitive dual-rail encoding is used for data representation and processing, and 4-phase return-to-zero (RTZ) and return-to-one (RTO) handshake protocols are used for data communication. Many QDI array multipliers were realized using a 32/28 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Compared to the optimum indicating array multiplier, the proposed optimum early output array multiplier achieves a 6.2% reduction in cycle time and a 7.4% reduction in power-cycle time product (PCTP) with respect to RTZ handshaking, and a 7.6% reduction in cycle time and an 8.8% reduction in PCTP with respect to RTO handshaking without an increase in the area. The simulation results also convey that the RTO handshaking is preferable to the RTZ handshaking for the optimum implementation of QDI array multipliers.

ACS Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Douglas Maskell; R. T. Naayagi; Nikos Mastorakis. Early Output Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Array Multipliers. Electronics 2019, 8, 444 .

AMA Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian, Douglas Maskell, R. T. Naayagi, Nikos Mastorakis. Early Output Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Array Multipliers. Electronics. 2019; 8 (4):444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Douglas Maskell; R. T. Naayagi; Nikos Mastorakis. 2019. "Early Output Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Array Multipliers." Electronics 8, no. 4: 444.

Communication
Published: 02 December 2018 in Electronics
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Addition is a fundamental operation in microprocessing and digital signal processing hardware, which is physically realized using an adder. The carry-lookahead adder (CLA) and the carry-select adder (CSLA) are two popular high-speed, low-power adder architectures. The speed performance of a CLA architecture can be improved by adopting a hybrid CLA architecture which employs a small-size ripple-carry adder (RCA) to replace a sub-CLA in the least significant bit positions. On the other hand, the power dissipation of a CSLA employing full adders and 2:1 multiplexers can be reduced by utilizing binary-to-excess-1 code (BEC) converters. In the literature, the designs of many CLAs and CSLAs were described separately. It would be useful to have a direct comparison of their performances based on the design metrics. Hence, we implemented homogeneous and hybrid CLAs, and CSLAs with and without the BEC converters by considering 32-bit accurate and approximate additions to facilitate a comparison. For the gate-level implementations, we considered a 32/28 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process targeting a typical-case process–voltage–temperature (PVT) specification. The results show that the hybrid CLA/RCA architecture is preferable among the CLA and CSLA architectures from the speed and power perspectives to perform accurate and approximate additions.

ACS Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Nikos Mastorakis. Performance Comparison of Carry-Lookahead and Carry-Select Adders Based on Accurate and Approximate Additions. Electronics 2018, 7, 369 .

AMA Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian, Nikos Mastorakis. Performance Comparison of Carry-Lookahead and Carry-Select Adders Based on Accurate and Approximate Additions. Electronics. 2018; 7 (12):369.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Nikos Mastorakis. 2018. "Performance Comparison of Carry-Lookahead and Carry-Select Adders Based on Accurate and Approximate Additions." Electronics 7, no. 12: 369.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2018 in Electronics
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In the era of nanoelectronics, multiple faults or failures of function blocks are likely to occur. To withstand these, higher levels of redundancy are suggested to be employed in at least the sensitive portions of a circuit or system. In this context, the N-modular redundancy (NMR) scheme may be used to guard against the multiple faults or failures of function blocks. However, the NMR scheme would exacerbate the weight, cost, and design metrics to implement higher-order redundancy. Hence, as an alternative to the NMR, the majority and minority voted redundancy (MMR) scheme was proposed recently. However, the proposal was restricted to the basic implementation with no provision for indicating the correct or the incorrect operation of the MMR. Hence in this work, we present the MMR scheme with the error/no-error signaling logic (ESL). Example NMR circuits without and with the ESL (NMRESL), and example MMR circuits without and with the proposed ESL (MMRESL) were implemented to achieve similar degrees of fault tolerance using a 32/28-nm CMOS technology. The results show that, on average, the proposed MMRESL circuits have 18.9% less critical path delay, dissipate 64.8% less power, and require 49.5% less silicon area compared to their counterpart NMRESL circuits.

ACS Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Douglas Maskell; Nikos Mastorakis. Majority and Minority Voted Redundancy Scheme for Safety-Critical Applications with Error/No-Error Signaling Logic. Electronics 2018, 7, 272 .

AMA Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian, Douglas Maskell, Nikos Mastorakis. Majority and Minority Voted Redundancy Scheme for Safety-Critical Applications with Error/No-Error Signaling Logic. Electronics. 2018; 7 (11):272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Douglas Maskell; Nikos Mastorakis. 2018. "Majority and Minority Voted Redundancy Scheme for Safety-Critical Applications with Error/No-Error Signaling Logic." Electronics 7, no. 11: 272.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2018 in Electronics
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Adder is an important datapath unit of a general-purpose microprocessor or a digital signal processor. In the nanoelectronics era, the design of an adder that is modular and which can withstand variations in process, voltage and temperature are of interest. In this context, this article presents a new robust early output asynchronous block carry lookahead adder (BCLA) with redundant carry logic (BCLARC) that has a reduced power-cycle time product (PCTP) and is a low power design. The proposed asynchronous BCLARC is implemented using the delay-insensitive dual-rail code and adheres to the 4-phase return-to-zero (RTZ) and the 4-phase return-to-one (RTO) handshaking. Many existing asynchronous ripple-carry adders (RCAs), carry lookahead adders (CLAs) and carry select adders (CSLAs) were implemented alongside to perform a comparison based on a 32/28 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The 32-bit addition was considered for an example. For implementation using the delay-insensitive dual-rail code and subject to the 4-phase RTZ handshaking (4-phase RTO handshaking), the proposed BCLARC which is robust and of early output type achieves: (i) 8% (5.7%) reduction in PCTP compared to the optimum RCA, (ii) 14.9% (15.5%) reduction in PCTP compared to the optimum BCLARC, and (iii) 26% (25.5%) reduction in PCTP compared to the optimum CSLA.

ACS Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Douglas Maskell; Nikos Mastorakis. Low Power Robust Early Output Asynchronous Block Carry Lookahead Adder with Redundant Carry Logic. Electronics 2018, 7, 243 .

AMA Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian, Douglas Maskell, Nikos Mastorakis. Low Power Robust Early Output Asynchronous Block Carry Lookahead Adder with Redundant Carry Logic. Electronics. 2018; 7 (10):243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian; Douglas Maskell; Nikos Mastorakis. 2018. "Low Power Robust Early Output Asynchronous Block Carry Lookahead Adder with Redundant Carry Logic." Electronics 7, no. 10: 243.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2015 in Sustainability
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Dangerous and unstable situations can result from the presence of environmental xenobiotics since their harmful effects on humans and ecosystems are often unpredictable, and building awareness of the environmental risk should be a main concern of humankind. The environmental xenobiotics in the flue gas from a fossil fuel-fired electrical generating station, such as particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2), are analyzed in this study, since these xenobiotics are persistent pollutants. Mathematical models of the environmental pollutant vector, estimating the emission factors specific to fossil fuel combustion, are applied to the operation of thermal units in the Turceni electrical generating station, each of which produces a net electrical power of 330 MW. For each stack gas component in the pollutant vector, emission factors and pollutant concentrations are determined. A pattern is also examined depicting the mathematically modelled processes of resonant absorption of an environmental xenobiotic harmonic oscillation by an organism modulated as an absorbing oscillator structure. The xenobiotic concentration degree is represented through a spatial concentration vector, which allows further modelling and simulation of the oscillating regime of environmental xenobiotic absorption.

ACS Style

Cornelia A. Bulucea; Marc A. Rosen; Nikos E. Mastorakis; Carmen A. Bulucea; Corina C. Brindusa; Andreea C. Jeles. Addressing the Impact of Environmental Xenobiotics in Coal-Fired Flue Gas. Sustainability 2015, 7, 2678 -2694.

AMA Style

Cornelia A. Bulucea, Marc A. Rosen, Nikos E. Mastorakis, Carmen A. Bulucea, Corina C. Brindusa, Andreea C. Jeles. Addressing the Impact of Environmental Xenobiotics in Coal-Fired Flue Gas. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (3):2678-2694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cornelia A. Bulucea; Marc A. Rosen; Nikos E. Mastorakis; Carmen A. Bulucea; Corina C. Brindusa; Andreea C. Jeles. 2015. "Addressing the Impact of Environmental Xenobiotics in Coal-Fired Flue Gas." Sustainability 7, no. 3: 2678-2694.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2015 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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In this paper we introduce two concepts of generalized measurability for set-valued functions, namely \(\varphi\)-μ-total-measurability and \(\varphi\)-μ-measurability relative to a non-negative function \(\varphi: \mathcal{P}_{0}(X) \times \mathcal{P}_{0}(X) \rightarrow [0,+\infty )\) and a non-negative set function \(\mu: \mathcal{A}\rightarrow [0,+\infty )\) and present some relationships between them. We also define different types of convergences for sequences of set-valued functions and prove some relationships among them and a theorem of Egorov type. Finally, we introduce two semi-metrics on a space of set-valued functions and then compare them.

ACS Style

Anca Croitoru; Nikos Mastorakis. Generalized Fuzzy Measurability. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2015, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Anca Croitoru, Nikos Mastorakis. Generalized Fuzzy Measurability. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2015; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anca Croitoru; Nikos Mastorakis. 2015. "Generalized Fuzzy Measurability." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 1-17.

Conference paper
Published: 31 October 2014 in Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum
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Reliable and safe operation of a coal-fired power plant is strongly linked to freshwater resources, and environmental problems related to water sources and wastewater discharge are challenges for power station operation. In this study, deals an evaluation on basis of wastewater pollutant vector is reported of the environmental impact of residual water generated and discharged in Jiu River during the thermoelectric units operation of the Rovinari, Turceni and Craiova coal-fired power plants. Wastewater pollutant vector Plane Projection is applied for assessing the water temperature evolution in the water flow lane created downstream of each power plant wastewater outlet channel. Simulation on the basis of an Electricity of France model, and testing validation of the results for thermoelectric blocks of 330 MW of these power plants, are presented.

ACS Style

Cornelia Bulucea; Nikos Mastorakis; Marc Rosen; Carmen Bulucea; Andreea Jeles; Constantin Brindusa. Assessing the Environmental Pollutant Vector of Wastewaters Discharged from a Chain of Coal-Fired Power Plants Along a River. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Cornelia Bulucea, Nikos Mastorakis, Marc Rosen, Carmen Bulucea, Andreea Jeles, Constantin Brindusa. Assessing the Environmental Pollutant Vector of Wastewaters Discharged from a Chain of Coal-Fired Power Plants Along a River. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cornelia Bulucea; Nikos Mastorakis; Marc Rosen; Carmen Bulucea; Andreea Jeles; Constantin Brindusa. 2014. "Assessing the Environmental Pollutant Vector of Wastewaters Discharged from a Chain of Coal-Fired Power Plants Along a River." Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 31 October 2014 in Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum
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Dangerous and unstable situations can result from the presence of environmental xenobiotics since their harmful effects on humans and ecosystems are often unpredictable. The environmental xenobiotics in the flue gas from a fossil fuel-fired electrical generating station, such as particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2), are analyzed in this study, since these xenobiotics are persistentent pollutants. Mathematical models of the environmental pollutant vector, estimating the emission factors specific to fossil fuel combustion, are applied to the operation of thermal units in the Turceni electrical generating station, each of which produce a net electrical power of 330 MW. For each stack gas component in the pollutant vector, emission factor and pollutant concentration are determined. A pattern is also examined depicting the mathematically modelled processes of resonant absorption of an environmental xenobiotic harmonic oscillation by an organism modulated as an absorbing oscillator structure. The xenobiotic concentration degree is represented through a spatial concentration vector, which allows further modelling and simulation of the oscillating regime of environmental xenobiotic absorption.

ACS Style

Cornelia Bulucea; Marc Rosen; Nikos Mastorakis; Carmen Bulucea; Corina Brindusa; Andreea Jeles. Building Awareness of the Impact of Environmental Xenobiotics in Coal-Fired Flue Gas. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Cornelia Bulucea, Marc Rosen, Nikos Mastorakis, Carmen Bulucea, Corina Brindusa, Andreea Jeles. Building Awareness of the Impact of Environmental Xenobiotics in Coal-Fired Flue Gas. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cornelia Bulucea; Marc Rosen; Nikos Mastorakis; Carmen Bulucea; Corina Brindusa; Andreea Jeles. 2014. "Building Awareness of the Impact of Environmental Xenobiotics in Coal-Fired Flue Gas." Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2014 in Journal of Signal Processing Systems
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In this paper two efficient unsupervised video object segmentation approaches are proposed and thoroughly compared. Both methods are based on the exploitation of depth information, estimated from stereoscopic pairs. Depth is a more efficient semantic descriptor of visual content, since usually an object is located on one depth plane. However, depth information fails to accurately represent the contours of an object mainly due to erroneous disparity estimation and occlusion issues. For this reason, the first approach projects color segments onto depth information in order to address the limitations of both depth and color segmentation; color segmentation usually over-partitions an object into several regions, while depth fails to precisely represent object contours. Depth information is produced through an occlusion compensated disparity field and then a depth map is generated. On the contrary, color segmentation is accomplished by incorporating a modified version of the Multiresolution Recursive Shortest Spanning Tree segmentation algorithm (M-RSST). Next considering the first “Constrained Fusion of Color Segments” (CFCS) approach, a color segments map is created, by applying the M-RSST to one of the stereoscopic channels. In this case video objects are extracted by fusing color segments according to depth similarity criteria. The second method also utilizes the depth segments map. In particular an active contour is automatically initialized onto the boundary of each depth segment, which is usually different from a video object’s boundary. Initialization is accomplished by a fitness function that considers different color areas and preserves the shapes of depth segments’ boundaries. For acceleration purposes each point of the active contour is associated to an “attractive edge” point and a greedy approach is incorporated so that the active contour converges to its final position. Several experiments on real life stereoscopic sequences are performed and extensive comparisons in terms of speed and accuracy indicate the promising performance of both methods.

ACS Style

Klimis S. Ntalianis; Anastasios D. Doulamis; Nikolaos D. Doulamis; Nikos E. Mastorakis; Athanasios S. Drigas. Unsupervised Segmentation of Stereoscopic Video Objects: Constrained Segmentation Fusion Versus Greedy Active Contours. Journal of Signal Processing Systems 2014, 81, 153 -181.

AMA Style

Klimis S. Ntalianis, Anastasios D. Doulamis, Nikolaos D. Doulamis, Nikos E. Mastorakis, Athanasios S. Drigas. Unsupervised Segmentation of Stereoscopic Video Objects: Constrained Segmentation Fusion Versus Greedy Active Contours. Journal of Signal Processing Systems. 2014; 81 (2):153-181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Klimis S. Ntalianis; Anastasios D. Doulamis; Nikolaos D. Doulamis; Nikos E. Mastorakis; Athanasios S. Drigas. 2014. "Unsupervised Segmentation of Stereoscopic Video Objects: Constrained Segmentation Fusion Versus Greedy Active Contours." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 81, no. 2: 153-181.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2013 in Sustainability
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Nowadays, the electric connection circuits of power plants (based on fossil fuels as well as renewable sources) entail generator circuit-breakers (GCBs) at the generator terminals, since the presence of that electric equipment offers many advantages related to the sustainability of a power plant. In an alternating current (a.c.) circuit the interruption of a short circuit is performed by the circuit-breaker at the natural passing through zero of the short-circuit current. During the current interruption, an electric arc is generated between the opened contacts of the circuit-breaker. This arc must be cooled and extinguished in a controlled way. Since the synchronous generator stator can flow via highly asymmetrical short-circuit currents, the phenomena which occur in the case of short-circuit currents interruption determine the main stresses of the generator circuit-breaker; the current interruption requirements of a GCB are significantly higher than for the distribution network circuit breakers. For shedding light on the proper moment when the generator circuit-breaker must operate, using the space phasor of the short-circuit currents, the time expression to the first zero passing of the short-circuit current is determined. Here, the manner is investigated in which various factors influence the delay of the zero passing of the short-circuit current. It is shown that the delay time is influenced by the synchronous machine parameters and by the load conditions which precede the short-circuit. Numerical simulations were conducted of the asymmetrical currents in the case of the sudden three-phase short circuit at the terminals of synchronous generators. Further in this study it is emphasized that although the phenomena produced in the electric arc at the terminals of the circuit-breaker are complicated and not completely explained, the concept of exergy is useful in understanding the physical phenomena. The article points out that just after the short-circuit current interruption by the generator the circuit-breaker (when the GCB has been subjected at the metal contact terminals to the high temperature of a plasma arc, up to 50,000 K) between its opened contacts, there arises the transient recovery voltage (TRV) which constitutes the most important dielectric stress after the electric arc extinction. Since the magnitude and shape of the TRV occurring across the generator circuit-breaker are critical parameters in the recovering gap after the current zero, in this paper, we model, for the case of the faults fed by the main step-up transformer, the equivalent configurations, with operational impedances, for the TRV calculation, taking into account the main transformer parameters, on the basis of the symmetrical components method.

ACS Style

Cornelia A. Bulucea; Marc A. Rosen; Doru A. Nicola; Nikos E. Mastorakis; Carmen A. Bulucea. Approaching the Processes in the Generator Circuit Breaker at Disconnection through Sustainability Concepts. Sustainability 2013, 5, 1161 -1176.

AMA Style

Cornelia A. Bulucea, Marc A. Rosen, Doru A. Nicola, Nikos E. Mastorakis, Carmen A. Bulucea. Approaching the Processes in the Generator Circuit Breaker at Disconnection through Sustainability Concepts. Sustainability. 2013; 5 (3):1161-1176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cornelia A. Bulucea; Marc A. Rosen; Doru A. Nicola; Nikos E. Mastorakis; Carmen A. Bulucea. 2013. "Approaching the Processes in the Generator Circuit Breaker at Disconnection through Sustainability Concepts." Sustainability 5, no. 3: 1161-1176.