Finding narrow‐band, ultrapure blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is extremely important for developing highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, spin–vibronic coupling (SVC)‐assisted ultrapure blue emitters obtained by joining two carbazole‐derived moieties at a para position of a phenyl unit and performing substitutions using several blocking groups are presented. Despite a relatively large singlet–triplet gap (∆EST) of >0.2 eV, efficient triplet‐to‐singlet crossover can be realized, with assistance from resonant SVC. To enhance the spin crossover, electronic energy levels are fine‐tuned, thereby causing ∆EST to be in resonance with a triplet–triplet gap (∆ETT). A sizable population transfer between spin multiplicities (>103 s−1) is achieved, and this result agrees well with theoretical predictions. An OLED fabricated using a multiple‐resonance‐type SVC‐TADF emitter with CIE color coordinates of (0.15, 0.05) exhibits ultrapure blue emissions, with a narrow full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of 21 nm and a high external quantum efficiency of 23.1%.
Multiple resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters have been actively studied as pure blue dopants for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of excellent color purity and high efficiency. However, the reported MR emitter, 2,5,13,16-tetra-tert-butylindolo[3,2,1-jk]indolo[1′,2′,3′:1,7]indolo[2,3-b]carbazole (tDIDCz) based on bis-fused indolocarbazole framework could not demonstrate efficient triplet-to-singlet spin crossover. In this work, we report two isomeric MR emitters designed to promote triplet exciton harvesting by reconstructing the electronic structure of tDIDCz. To manage excited states, strong electron donors were introduced at the 2,5-/1,6-position of tDIDCz. As a result, 2,5-positions managed tDIDCz shows long-range charge transfer characteristics while preserving the MR nature. Quantum chemical calculation demonstrates direct spin-orbit coupling by long-range charge transfer and spin-vibronic coupling assisted reverse intersystem crossing by short-range charge transfer simultaneously contribute to triplet-to-singlet spin crossover. Consequently, high performance blue OLED recorded a high external quantum efficiency of 30.8% at a color coordinate of (0.13, 0.13).
The development of highly efficient and deep blue emitters satisfying the color specification of the commercial products has been a challenging hurdle in the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, deep blue OLEDs with a narrow emission spectrum with good color stability and spin‐vibronic coupling assisted thermally activated delayed fluorescence are reported using a novel multi‐resonance (MR) emitter built on a pure organic‐based molecular platform of fused indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole structure. Two emitters derived from 2,5,11,14‐tetrakis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)indolo[3,2,1‐jk]indolo[1′,2′,3′:1,7]indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (tBisICz) core are synthesized as the MR type thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters realizing a very narrow emission spectrum with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm with suppressed broadening at high doping concentration. The tBisICz core is substituted with a diphenylamine or 9‐phenylcarbazole blocking group to manage the intermolecular interaction for high efficiency and narrow emission. The deep blue OLEDs achieve high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.9%, small FWHM of 19 nm, and deep blue color coordinate of (0.16, 0.04) with good color stability with increase in doping concentration. To the authors’ knowledge, the EQE in this work is one of the highest values reported for the deep blue OLEDs that achieve the BT.2020 standard.
28 September 2011 in Chemistry – A European Journal