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Dr. Natacha Hogan
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada

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0 Aquatic Toxicology
0 Immunotoxicology
0 Toxicogenomics
0 Endocrine disruptors
0 Developmental sensitivity

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2019 in Toxins
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The aim of this study was to determine the potential for accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) reared on high DON Fusarium-infected wheat and investigate the effects on production, survival and nutritional traits. Wheat containing 200 μg/kg DON was used as the control diet. A different source of wheat was sorted into six fractions and mixed to obtain low (2000 μg/kg), medium (10,000 μg/kg) and high (12,000 μg/kg) levels of DON. Each diet was replicated five times with 300 or 200 mealworms per replicate for the feeding and breeding trials, respectively. Trial termination occurred when the first two pupae were observed (32–34 days). There was no difference in the concentrations of DON detected in the larvae between diets that ranged from 122 ± 19.3 to 136 ± 40.5 μg/kg (p = 0.88). Excretion of DON was 131, 324, 230 and 742 μg/kg for control, low, medium and high, respectively. Nutritional analysis of larvae showed maximum crude protein of 52% and crude fat of 36%. Ash, fiber, chitin, fatty-acids and amino-acid content were consistent across diets. Survival was greater than 96% for all life stages and average daily gain ranged from 1.9 ± 0.1 to 2.1 ± 0.1 mg/day per mealworm. Larvae accumulated low levels of DON from Fusarium-infected wheat diets suggesting contaminated wheat could be used to produce a sustainable, safe protein source.

ACS Style

Carlos Ochoa Sanabria; Natacha Hogan; Kayla Madder; Cedric Gillott; Barry Blakley; Martin Reaney; Aaron Beattie; Fiona Buchanan. Yellow Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor) Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Wheat—A Possible Safe, Sustainable Protein Source for Animal Feed? Toxins 2019, 11, 282 .

AMA Style

Carlos Ochoa Sanabria, Natacha Hogan, Kayla Madder, Cedric Gillott, Barry Blakley, Martin Reaney, Aaron Beattie, Fiona Buchanan. Yellow Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor) Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Wheat—A Possible Safe, Sustainable Protein Source for Animal Feed? Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Ochoa Sanabria; Natacha Hogan; Kayla Madder; Cedric Gillott; Barry Blakley; Martin Reaney; Aaron Beattie; Fiona Buchanan. 2019. "Yellow Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor) Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Wheat—A Possible Safe, Sustainable Protein Source for Animal Feed?" Toxins 11, no. 5: 282.

Articles
Published: 18 April 2019 in British Poultry Science
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Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins (primarily deoxynivalenol (DON)) on broiler chicken feed preference, feeding behaviour and growth performance. A total of 120 male Ross 308 chicks (four birds/cage, 30 cages) were fed a common corn-based starter diet from 1 – 20 d of age. At 21 d, 15 cages were randomly assigned to the feed preference trial or a feeding behaviour trial. Three wheat-based experimental diets (0.14, 2.27 and 5.84 mg/kg DON) were prepared with a clean wheat and a naturally-contaminated wheat. Broilers were ad libitum fed the experimental diets during 21 – 27 d. In the preference trial, each cage’s feeder was split into two equal sized compartments so birds were provided a choice of two diets (control vs. low, control vs. high and low vs. high DON). In the feeding behaviour trial, diets were randomly assigned to 15 cages (five cages/diet). Feeding and drinking behaviour was recorded for 1 h before and after the dark period and 1 h period at 9 h after the light was turned on (middle of day). Growth performance was assessed at 27 d. In the preference trial, broilers preferred the control diet over low (93.0 vs. 66.1 g/d, P<0.01) and high (104.4 vs. 50.4 g/d, P<0.01) DON diets. At all three timepoints, where behaviour was recorded, birds offered the DON diets spent more time at the feeder compared to birds provided control diets (P<0.05). Control birds had lower feed to gain ratio (1.65) than birds fed low (1.82) and high (1.94) DON diets (P<0.01). It is clear that broilers are sensitive to the presence of fusarium mycotoxins and that moderate levels of DON negatively affect feed preference and growth performance when fed during the grower period.

ACS Style

Anhao Wang; Karen Schwean-Lardner; Natacha S. Hogan. Feed preference and feeding behaviours in grower broilers fed diets containing wheat naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins. British Poultry Science 2019, 60, 309 -316.

AMA Style

Anhao Wang, Karen Schwean-Lardner, Natacha S. Hogan. Feed preference and feeding behaviours in grower broilers fed diets containing wheat naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins. British Poultry Science. 2019; 60 (3):309-316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anhao Wang; Karen Schwean-Lardner; Natacha S. Hogan. 2019. "Feed preference and feeding behaviours in grower broilers fed diets containing wheat naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins." British Poultry Science 60, no. 3: 309-316.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2018 in Animal Nutrition
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In commercial practice, broiler chickens may be exposed to Fusarium mycotoxins either during specific growth stages or throughout the entire production cycle. A 34-day feeding trial was conducted to identify sensitive periods for mycotoxin effects during the growth cycle of broiler chickens. A total of 420 newly-hatched Ross 308 male broilers were randomly assigned to 60 cages with 7 birds/cage. Sources of clean wheat (<0.5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol [DON]) and Fusarium-contaminated wheat (11.4 mg/kg DON) were used to formulate the starter diets (0.41 and 6.62 mg/kg DON) provided from 1 to 21 d of age and the grower diets (0.54 and 7.90 mg/kg DON) provided from 22 to 34 d. Control and DON diets were provided to broilers according to treatments (control, DON 1 to 14 d, DON 15 to 21 d, DON 22 to 34 d and DON 1 to 34 d). Birds were monitored daily for morbidity or mortality. Broiler growth performance (body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio) was measured weekly. Segments of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected at 21 and 34 d and morphometric parameters (villus height, crypt depth, villus width, muscularis thickness and villi:crypt ratio) were measured. Birds fed the DON starter diet during the first 14 d did not exhibit any changes in growth performance; however, growth performance was suppressed in birds fed DON-contaminated diets during the grower period (22 to 34 d). At 34 d, birds that received the DON grower diet (DON 22 to 34 d and DON 1 to 34 d) were lighter (1,433 vs. 1,695 g) than birds fed the control diet. Feed to gain ratio was higher in birds fed the DON grower diet from 22 to 28 d (1.77 vs. 1.56) and 28 to 34 d (2.24 vs. 1.85) compared with corresponding controls. These results suggest that providing older broiler chicks (22 to 34 d) feed contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins (specifically DON) may result in production losses. Histopathological analysis of the ileum region revealed that birds provided the DON diets throughout the entire trial (1 to 34 d) had shorter villi (506 vs. 680 μm) and shallower crypt (85 vs. 115 μm) than control birds. Taken together, these results indicate that DON-induced growth suppression may be a result of adverse effects on intestinal morphology during later growth phases of broilers.

ACS Style

Anhao Wang; Natacha S. Hogan. Performance effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on broiler chickens: Influences of timing and duration of exposure. Animal Nutrition 2018, 5, 32 -40.

AMA Style

Anhao Wang, Natacha S. Hogan. Performance effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on broiler chickens: Influences of timing and duration of exposure. Animal Nutrition. 2018; 5 (1):32-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anhao Wang; Natacha S. Hogan. 2018. "Performance effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on broiler chickens: Influences of timing and duration of exposure." Animal Nutrition 5, no. 1: 32-40.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in General and Comparative Endocrinology
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ACS Style

Melanie J. Gallant; Natacha S. Hogan. Developmental expression profiles and thyroidal regulation of cytokines during metamorphosis in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. General and Comparative Endocrinology 2018, 263, 62 -71.

AMA Style

Melanie J. Gallant, Natacha S. Hogan. Developmental expression profiles and thyroidal regulation of cytokines during metamorphosis in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2018; 263 ():62-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melanie J. Gallant; Natacha S. Hogan. 2018. "Developmental expression profiles and thyroidal regulation of cytokines during metamorphosis in the amphibian Xenopus laevis." General and Comparative Endocrinology 263, no. : 62-71.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Oil sands-affected water from mining must eventually be incorporated into the reclaimed landscape or treated and released. However, this material contains petrogenic organic compounds, such as naphthenic acids and traces of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This has raised concerns for impacts of oil sands process-affected waters on the heath of wildlife and humans downstream of receiving environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal association of disease states in fish with water chemistry of oil sands-affected waters over more than a decade and determine the pathogens associated with disease pathologies. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) captured from nearby lakes were stocked into two experimental ponds during 1995–1997 and 2008–2010. South Bison Pond is a drainage basin that has received unextracted oil sands-contaminated material. Demonstration Pond is a constructed pond containing mature fine tailings capped with fresh water. Two disease pathologies, fin erosion for which a suspected bacterial pathogen (Acinetobacter Iwoffi) is identified, and lymphocystis (confirmed using a real-time PCR) were associated with oil sands-affected water exposure. From 1995 to 1997 pathologies were most prevalent in the South Bison Pond; however, from 2008 to 2009, disease was more frequently observed in the Demonstration Pond. CYP1A activity was 3–16 fold higher in fish from experimental ponds as compared to reference populations and this pattern was consistent across all sampling years. Bile fluorescence displayed a gradient of exposure with experimental ponds being elevated over local perch populations. Naphthenic acids decreased in the Bison Pond from approximately 12 mg/L to <4 mg/L while naphthenic acids increased in the Demonstration Pond from 6 mg/L to 12 mg/L due to tailings densification. Temporal changes in naphthenic acid levels, CYP1A activity and bile fluorescent metabolites correlate positively with incidence of disease pathologies whereas all inorganic water quality changes (major ions, pH, metals) were not associated with disease responses.

ACS Style

Natacha S. Hogan; Karen L. Thorpe; Michael R. Van Den Heuvel. Opportunistic disease in yellow perch in response to decadal changes in the chemistry of oil sands-affected waters. Environmental Pollution 2018, 234, 769 -778.

AMA Style

Natacha S. Hogan, Karen L. Thorpe, Michael R. Van Den Heuvel. Opportunistic disease in yellow perch in response to decadal changes in the chemistry of oil sands-affected waters. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 234 ():769-778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natacha S. Hogan; Karen L. Thorpe; Michael R. Van Den Heuvel. 2018. "Opportunistic disease in yellow perch in response to decadal changes in the chemistry of oil sands-affected waters." Environmental Pollution 234, no. : 769-778.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
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Small-bodied freshwater fish are commonly used in regulatory testing for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) but most lack a sensitive and quantifiable androgen-specific biomarker. Brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) are a North American freshwater fish whose males produce an androgen-regulated glycoprotein in the kidney called spiggin. Although spiggin induction in females has been used as an androgen-specific biomarker of exposure in other stickleback species it has not been characterized in brook stickleback. Therefore, our objective was to develop a bioassay using brook stickleback to measure estrogenic and androgenic responses and establish the sensitivity of traditional and novel biomarkers of exposure. We first developed and optimized a qPCR assay to measure spiggin and vitellogenin transcript levels in kidney and liver tissue, respectively. Basal levels were differentially expressed in mature wild-caught male and female brook stickleback. To determine their sensitivity to EDCs, fish were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng/L of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) for 21 days (sampled at 7 and 21 days) under semi-static renewal conditions. MT and EE2 exposure induced spiggin and vitellogenin transcripts in female kidneys and male livers, respectively. Exposure to EE2 also increased hepatosomatic index in both sexes and decreased gonadosomatic index in females. Histopathological alterations were observed in the kidney of EE2-exposed fish and an increase in kidney epithelium cell height occurred in MT-exposed females. Given the sensitivity of these endpoints, the brook stickleback is a promising new freshwater fish model for EDC evaluation and a potential bioindicator for EDCs in North American freshwater environments.

ACS Style

Breda M. Muldoon; Natacha S. Hogan. Biomarker responses to estrogen and androgen exposure in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): A new bioindicator species for endocrine disrupting compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 2016, 180, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Breda M. Muldoon, Natacha S. Hogan. Biomarker responses to estrogen and androgen exposure in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): A new bioindicator species for endocrine disrupting compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. 2016; 180 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Breda M. Muldoon; Natacha S. Hogan. 2016. "Biomarker responses to estrogen and androgen exposure in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): A new bioindicator species for endocrine disrupting compounds." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 180, no. : 1-10.

Research article
Published: 22 April 2015 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Oil sands-influenced process waters have been observed to cause reproductive effects and to induced CYP1A activity in fishes; however, little progress has been made in determining causative agents. Naphthenic acids (NAs) are the predominant organic compounds in process-affected waters, but due to the complexity of the mixture, it has been difficult to examine causal linkages in fishes. The aim of this study was to use in vitro assays specific to reproductive and CYP1A mechanisms to determine if specific acid extractable fractions of NAs obtained from oil sands-influenced water are active toward reproductive processes or interact with the Ah receptor responsible for CYP1A activity. NAs were extracted from aged oil sands-influenced waters by use of acid precipitation, and the mixture was fractionated into three acidic and one neutral fraction. The four fractions were examined for Ah receptor-mediated potency by use of the H4IIE-luc bioassay, effects on production of steroid hormones by use of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, and sex steroid receptor binding activity using the yeast estrogen screen and yeast androgen screen. The mixtures were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. The neutral fraction elicited Ah-receptor mediated activity after 24 h but not after 48 or 72 h. None of the fractions contained measurable levels of estrogen or androgen receptor agonists nor did they cause reductions in steroidogenesis. A number of fractions showed antiestrogenic or antiandrogenicity potency, with the neutral and main acidic fractions being the most potent. Neutral aromatic compounds are likely responsible for the CYP1A activity observed. Direct estrogenic, androgenic, or steroidogenic mechanisms are unlikely for NAs based on these results, but NAs act as potent antiandrogen or antiestrogens.

ACS Style

Liane A. Leclair; Lani Pohler; Steve B. Wiseman; Yuhe He; Collin J. Arens; John P. Giesy; Stephen Scully; Brian D. Wagner; Michael R. Van Den Heuvel; Natacha S. Hogan. In Vitro Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Potential of Naphthenic Acid Fractions Derived from Oil Sands-Influenced Water. Environmental Science & Technology 2015, 49, 5743 -5752.

AMA Style

Liane A. Leclair, Lani Pohler, Steve B. Wiseman, Yuhe He, Collin J. Arens, John P. Giesy, Stephen Scully, Brian D. Wagner, Michael R. Van Den Heuvel, Natacha S. Hogan. In Vitro Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Potential of Naphthenic Acid Fractions Derived from Oil Sands-Influenced Water. Environmental Science & Technology. 2015; 49 (9):5743-5752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liane A. Leclair; Lani Pohler; Steve B. Wiseman; Yuhe He; Collin J. Arens; John P. Giesy; Stephen Scully; Brian D. Wagner; Michael R. Van Den Heuvel; Natacha S. Hogan. 2015. "In Vitro Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Potential of Naphthenic Acid Fractions Derived from Oil Sands-Influenced Water." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 9: 5743-5752.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2012 in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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Previous research demonstrated that exposure to exogenous androgens and effluents with androgenic activity can induce spiggin mRNA production in the kidney of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In the present study, we determine whether a short-term exposure to a known antiandrogenic pesticide, linuron (LN), suppresses spiggin mRNA in male stickleback and in androgenized female stickleback. Primers were designed from previously characterized sequences for each androgen receptor (AR) isoform in stickleback, arα and arβ, to assess whether these receptors are differentially regulated by androgen or antiandrogen exposure. Fish were exposed for 72 h to one of four treatments: control, LN (250 µg/L), 17α-methyltestosterone (MT, 500 ng/L), and an LN-MT mixture at those same concentrations. There was no effect of LN on spiggin and arβ mRNA levels in male kidney, while levels of arα were significantly increased twofold. Exposure to LN significantly inhibited MT-induced spiggin RNA production in female kidney with no effect on expression of arα and arβ. The present study is the first to demonstrate the antiandrogenic effect of LN at the transcript level and to examine androgenic/antiandrogenic responsiveness of the two ARs in the stickleback. From the present study, it was determined that measurement of spiggin RNA is a reliable and sensitive screening tool for the detection of both androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds.

ACS Style

Natacha S. Hogan; Melanie J. Gallant; Michael R. Van Den Heuvel. Exposure to the pesticide linuron affects androgen-dependent gene expression in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2012, 31, 1391 -1395.

AMA Style

Natacha S. Hogan, Melanie J. Gallant, Michael R. Van Den Heuvel. Exposure to the pesticide linuron affects androgen-dependent gene expression in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2012; 31 (6):1391-1395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natacha S. Hogan; Melanie J. Gallant; Michael R. Van Den Heuvel. 2012. "Exposure to the pesticide linuron affects androgen-dependent gene expression in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31, no. 6: 1391-1395.