Seahorses are increasingly recognized for their nutritional potential, which underscores the necessity for comprehensive biochemical analyses. This study aims to investigate the fatty acid and amino acid compositions of eight seahorse species, including both genders of Hippocampus trimaculatus, Hippocampus kelloggi, Hippocampus abdominalis, and Hippocampus erectus, to evaluate their nutritional value. We employed Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of the seahorse species. GC-MS was used to detect 34 fatty acid methyl esters, while HPLC provided detailed amino acid profiles. GC-MS analysis demonstrated high precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) generally below 2.53 %, satisfactory repeatability (RSDs from 6.55 % to 8.73 %), and stability (RSDs below 2.82 %). Recovery rates for major fatty acids ranged from 98.73 % to 109.12 %. HPLC analysis showed strong separation of amino acid profiles with theoretical plate numbers exceeding 5000. Precision tests yielded RSDs below 1.23 %, with reproducibility and stability tests showing RSDs below 2.73 % and 2.86 %, respectively. Amino acid recovery rates ranged from 97.58 % to 104.66 %. Nutritional analysis revealed significant variations in fatty acid content among the species. Female H. erectus showed higher levels of hexadecanoic acid and saturated fatty acids, while male H. abdominalis had lower concentrations of n-3 full cis 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Total lipid yields varied from 3.2491 % to 12.3175 %, with major fatty acids constituting 17.9717 %-74.6962 % of total lipids. In conclusion, this study provides essential insights into the fatty acid and amino acid composition of seahorses, supporting their potential as valuable dietary supplements. The differences between genders in specific fatty acids suggest a nuanced nutritional profile that could be exploited for targeted dietary applications. Further research is needed to explore the seasonal and environmental variations affecting seahorse biochemical composition.

Background: Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a critical clinical challenge, and lycopene, a natural carotenoid with antioxidant properties, has shown potential in mitigating organ damage. This research evaluated the therapeutic potential and mechanistic basis of lycopene against HIRI utilizing in vivo and in vitro approaches. Methods: A rat HIRI model and AML‐12 cell models (H ₂ O ₂ ‐induced oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation [H/R]) were established. Results: Lycopene significantly alleviated HIRI in rats, evidenced by improved hepatic histopathology (HE staining), restored antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD1 and GSH), and reduced proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β). Notably, HRD1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, exhibited dynamic temporal expression: In mild HIRI (30 min ischemia/6 h reperfusion), HRD1 initially increased adaptively but declined thereafter, whereas severe ischemia (60 min) caused persistent HRD1 upregulation during reperfusion, exacerbating apoptosis and liver dysfunction. Lycopene treatment normalized HRD1 levels, reducing apoptosis markers (Bax, Cleaved‐Caspase‐3) and enhancing antiapoptotic Bcl‐2. In vitro, lycopene attenuated H ₂ O ₂ ‐ and H/R‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, genetic manipulation of HRD1 (silencing or overexpression) confirmed that it targets Nrf2, the central regulator of antioxidant defense, for degradation. Lycopene suppressed HRD1‐mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination, thereby stabilizing Nrf2 and activating downstream antioxidant genes (HO‐1 and NQO1). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that lycopene ameliorates HIRI by modulating the HRD1‐Nrf2 axis, highlighting its therapeutic potential via dual antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms. This study provides novel insights into HRD1’s context‐dependent roles in HIRI and positions lycopene as a promising candidate for clinical translation.

The development of radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) presents a major clinical challenge that limits the efficacy and safety of thoracic radiotherapy. This condition evolves from acute inflammatory damage to irreversible fibrotic remodeling, yet effective and targeted treatment options remain scarce. Lycopene, a potent dietary carotenoid predominantly found in tomatoes, possesses a multifaceted pharmacological profile encompassing antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects. The nebulized delivery of lycopene offers a direct route to the lungs, enhancing site‐specific action and reducing off‐target risks, which addresses a key need in managing RILI. This study explored the protective efficacy and mechanisms of nebulized lycopene in RILI. C57BL/6 mice subjected to 20 Gy thoracic irradiation received lycopene via nebulization as preventive and continuous treatment. BEAS‐2B and NIH‐3T3 cells were treated with irradiation and lycopene in combination with pharmacological inhibitors (ML385 and SB431542) or specific gene knockdown (siNrf2 and siTGF‐β1) to validate pathway dependency. Lung injury, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and protein expression were detected by histology, ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and ROS detection. Lycopene dose‐dependently improved RILI mice’s survival, alleviated lung damage, inhibited inflammation at 4 weeks and fibrosis at 12 weeks, activated the Nrf2/Heme Oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway in BEAS‐2B cells, and suppressed the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway in NIH‐3T3 cells, with good safety. These findings suggest that nebulized lycopene attenuates RILI through differential modulation of epithelial Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling and fibroblast TGF‐β1/Smad signaling, supporting its candidacy as a dietary bioactive compound for radioprotection.