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Human behavior is the main driver of environmental degradation and climate change
Florian Lange; Cameron Brick. Changing Pro-Environmental Behavior: Evidence from (Un)Successful Intervention Studies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7748 .
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Cameron Brick. Changing Pro-Environmental Behavior: Evidence from (Un)Successful Intervention Studies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Cameron Brick. 2021. "Changing Pro-Environmental Behavior: Evidence from (Un)Successful Intervention Studies." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7748.
Some human behaviors have serious societal consequences, but these consequences tend to be neglected in online research on societally relevant behaviors. For example, human activities contribute to climate change and biodiversity loss, but pro-environmental behavior is often studied using inconsequential self-reports and hypothetical scenarios. Such measures can easily be administered online, but suffer from severe validity problems. To address these problems, we developed a multi-trial web-based procedure for the study of consequential pro-environmental behavior. On the Work for Environmental Protection Task (WEPT), participants can choose to exert voluntary extra efforts screening numerical stimuli in exchange for donations to an environmental organization. They thus have the opportunity to produce actual environmental benefits at actual behavioral costs (i.e., to show actual pro-environmental behavior). In a preregistered validation study (N = 209), we found WEPT performance to systematically vary with these consequences, that is, the implemented costs and benefits were large enough for participants to effectively take them into account. In addition, aggregated WEPT performance was found to be highly reliable and to be correlated to self-reports and objective observations of other pro-environmental behaviors and conceptually related measures. These findings support the validity of the WEPT as an online procedure for the study of actual pro-environmental behavior. We discuss how the WEPT can advance the experimental analysis of pro-environmental behavior, help to address problems of common-method variance in individual difference research, and be adapted for the consequential study of other societally relevant behaviors.
Florian Lange; Siegfried Dewitte. The Work for Environmental Protection Task: A consequential web-based procedure for studying pro-environmental behavior. Behavior Research Methods 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Siegfried Dewitte. The Work for Environmental Protection Task: A consequential web-based procedure for studying pro-environmental behavior. Behavior Research Methods. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Siegfried Dewitte. 2021. "The Work for Environmental Protection Task: A consequential web-based procedure for studying pro-environmental behavior." Behavior Research Methods , no. : 1-13.
Identifying the essence of a latent psychological attribute captured by a measurement instrument requires more than a glance at the measure's indicators or confidence in an established measurement practice. It demands an exploration of the nomological network in which an attribute (e.g., environmental attitude) is theoretically anticipated to operate. With our study, we aimed to identify the General Ecological Behavior (GEB) scale as a Campbell-paradigm-based measure of environmental attitude. In our empirical test (N = 183), we juxtaposed the two estimated parameters—behavioral costs and what is believed to represent environmental attitude—with real costs. To do so, costs were manipulated as objective waiting times that differentiated between otherwise identical pro-environmental behaviors. Our findings corroborate the idea that the GEB's cost estimates reflect actual behavioral costs. Furthermore, progressively increasing costs were the expected progressive impediment of behavior that, according to Campbell's paradigm, environmental attitude is presumed to offset.
Florian G. Kaiser; Florian Lange. Offsetting behavioral costs with personal attitude: Identifying the psychological essence of an environmental attitude measure. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2021, 75, 101619 .
AMA StyleFlorian G. Kaiser, Florian Lange. Offsetting behavioral costs with personal attitude: Identifying the psychological essence of an environmental attitude measure. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2021; 75 ():101619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian G. Kaiser; Florian Lange. 2021. "Offsetting behavioral costs with personal attitude: Identifying the psychological essence of an environmental attitude measure." Journal of Environmental Psychology 75, no. : 101619.
Self-administered computerized assessment has the potential to increase the reach of neuropsychological assessment. The present study reports the first split-half reliability estimates for a self-administered computerized variant of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), which is considered as a gold standard for the neuropsychological assessment of executive functions. We analyzed data from a large sample of young volunteers (N = 375). Split-half reliability estimates for perseveration errors, set-loss errors, and inference errors were all above 0.90. Split-half reliability estimates for response time measures on switch and repeat trials exceeded 0.95. Our results indicated sufficient split-half reliability for a self-administered computerized WCST, paving the way for an advanced digital assessment of executive functions. We discuss potential effects of test formats, administration variants, and sample characteristics on split-half reliability.
Alexander Steinke; Bruno Kopp; Florian Lange. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Split-Half Reliability Estimates for a Self-Administered Computerized Variant. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 529 .
AMA StyleAlexander Steinke, Bruno Kopp, Florian Lange. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Split-Half Reliability Estimates for a Self-Administered Computerized Variant. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Steinke; Bruno Kopp; Florian Lange. 2021. "The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Split-Half Reliability Estimates for a Self-Administered Computerized Variant." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5: 529.
Promoting energy conservation in university dormitories is challenging because student residents are typically charged a flat utility fee. One possibility to curb excessive energy use in the absence of monetary incentives is to highlight the environmental consequences of energy use. However, it is still largely unknown how these consequences should be communicated to effectively change people’s behavior. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of framing the environmental consequences of energy use in terms of losses versus gains on the air-conditioner use of student residents of a Japanese university dormitory. A total of 330 students were provided with stickers to attach to the air-conditioner remote control in their dormitory room during the winter term. The stickers conveyed that increasing the temperature will hurt the environment (loss frame), that reducing the temperature will protect the environment (gain frame), or that changing the temperature will affect the environment (neutral frame). Day-to-day variations in objective air-conditioner use data were analyzed as a function of experimental condition to examine the effect of message framing. The change in air-conditioner use from pre-intervention to intervention period did not differ between experimental groups and neither did the change from pre-intervention period to a period after the intervention.
Shimpei Iwasaki; Samuel Franssens; Siegfried Dewitte; Florian Lange. Evaluating the Effect of Framing Energy Consumption in Terms of Losses versus Gains on Air-Conditioner Use: A Field Experiment in a Student Dormitory in Japan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4380 .
AMA StyleShimpei Iwasaki, Samuel Franssens, Siegfried Dewitte, Florian Lange. Evaluating the Effect of Framing Energy Consumption in Terms of Losses versus Gains on Air-Conditioner Use: A Field Experiment in a Student Dormitory in Japan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimpei Iwasaki; Samuel Franssens; Siegfried Dewitte; Florian Lange. 2021. "Evaluating the Effect of Framing Energy Consumption in Terms of Losses versus Gains on Air-Conditioner Use: A Field Experiment in a Student Dormitory in Japan." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4380.
While excessive plastic use has severe ecological consequences, the distant nature of these consequences may limit their effect on individual plastic use behavior. One possibility to address this problem is to link plastic use behavior to more direct consequences. Pro-environmental behavior researchers adopting this approach typically try to change people’s behavior by providing them with monetary incentives. Here, we pursued an alternative strategy by linking pro-environmental behavior to prosocial incentives. Takeaway customers of a fast food restaurant were informed that, for every unused plastic bag, a small donation would be made to a charitable organization. In comparison to baseline and control conditions, the likelihood of using a restaurant-provided plastic bag was more than halved when plastic-bag refusal led to such prosocial incentives. In addition, we tested whether the effectiveness of prosocial incentives depended on their size and on the type of organization (prosocial vs. environmental) receiving the incentive. While these latter analyses revealed some promising trends, they did not allow for definitive conclusions about the effect of these parameters. Hence, while our field experiment provides support for the general effectiveness of prosocial incentives, more research is needed to determine which prosocial incentives are most effective in shaping plastic bag use and other environmentally relevant behaviors.
Florian Lange; Laurens De Weerdt; Laurent Verlinden. Reducing Plastic Bag Use Through Prosocial Incentives. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2421 .
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Laurens De Weerdt, Laurent Verlinden. Reducing Plastic Bag Use Through Prosocial Incentives. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Laurens De Weerdt; Laurent Verlinden. 2021. "Reducing Plastic Bag Use Through Prosocial Incentives." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2421.
Psychologists can increase their contribution to mitigating environmental degradation. Behaviors with high environmental impact have been systematically overlooked. Environmental impact should be prioritized first and psychological theory secondarily. An inductive impact-focused research agenda is presented.
Kristian S. Nielsen; Viktoria Cologna; Florian Lange; Cameron Brick; Paul C. Stern. The case for impact-focused environmental psychology. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2021, 74, 101559 .
AMA StyleKristian S. Nielsen, Viktoria Cologna, Florian Lange, Cameron Brick, Paul C. Stern. The case for impact-focused environmental psychology. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2021; 74 ():101559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristian S. Nielsen; Viktoria Cologna; Florian Lange; Cameron Brick; Paul C. Stern. 2021. "The case for impact-focused environmental psychology." Journal of Environmental Psychology 74, no. : 101559.
The study of pro-environmental behavior has been dominated by self-report scales and field observations. Although both approaches have their merits, they also suffer from critical limitations that obstruct progress towards a better understanding of pro-environmental behavior. The Pro-Environmental Behavior Task (PEBT) was developed to address these limitations by facilitating the study of actual pro-environmental behavior under controlled laboratory conditions. In the present research, we examined whether the PEBT can also provide a valid and reliable indicator of people's propensity to show pro-environmental behavior. In support of the task's test-retest reliability, we found PEBT choice behavior to be strongly correlated across a period of approximately one month (r = 0.81). In addition, PEBT performance was significantly correlated to both objective observations and subjective reports of other pro-environmental behaviors. Our results further suggest participants' PEBT choices to be most closely related to individual differences in transportation behavior. These findings indicate that the PEBT might prove useful not only as a procedure for the experimental study of pro-environmental behavior, but also for the performance-based assessment of a person's propensity to engage in pro-environmental behavior.
Florian Lange; Siegfried Dewitte. Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2021, 73, 101550 .
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Siegfried Dewitte. Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2021; 73 ():101550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Siegfried Dewitte. 2021. "Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task." Journal of Environmental Psychology 73, no. : 101550.
Controlled experimentation is critical for understanding the causal determinants of pro-environmental behavior. However, the potential of experimental pro-environmental behavior research is limited by the difficulty to observe pro-environmental behavior under controlled conditions. The Pro-Environmental Behavior Task (PEBT) was developed to address this limitation by facilitating the experimental analysis of pro-environmental behavior in the laboratory. Previous studies in Belgian samples have already supported the validity of the PEBT as a procedure for the study of actual pro-environmental behavior. Here, we aimed for a cross-cultural replication of this finding in a sample of N = 103 Japanese college students. Along the lines of previous studies, we found PEBT choice behavior to be sensitive to within-subject manipulations of its behavioral costs and environmental benefits. This implies that participants take these consequences into account when choosing between PEBT options. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that such consequence effects can also be detected in a less powerful between-subjects design. These results support the generality of consequence effects on PEBT choice behavior as well as the validity and utility of the PEBT for use in samples from different cultural backgrounds.
Florian Lange; Shimpei Iwasaki. Validating the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task in a Japanese Sample. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9534 .
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Shimpei Iwasaki. Validating the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task in a Japanese Sample. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Shimpei Iwasaki. 2020. "Validating the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task in a Japanese Sample." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9534.
Executive dysfunction is a well-documented, yet nonspecific corollary of various neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Here, we applied computational modeling of latent cognition for executive control in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We utilized a parallel reinforcement learning model of trial-by-trial Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) behavior. Eighteen ALS patients and 21 matched healthy control participants were assessed on a computerized variant of the WCST (cWCST). ALS patients showed latent cognitive symptoms, which can be characterized as bradyphrenia and haphazard responding. A comparison with results from a recent computational Parkinson’s disease (PD) study (Steinke et al., 2020, J Clin Med) suggests that bradyphrenia represents a disease-nonspecific latent cognitive symptom of ALS and PD patients alike. Haphazard responding seems to be a disease-specific latent cognitive symptom of ALS, whereas impaired stimulus-response learning seems to be a disease-specific latent cognitive symptom of PD. These data were obtained from the careful modeling of trial-by-trial behavior on the cWCST, and they suggest that computational cognitive neuropsychology provides nosologically specific indicators of latent facets of executive dysfunction in ALS (and PD) patients, which remain undiscoverable for traditional behavioral cognitive neuropsychology. We discuss implications for neuropsychological assessment, and we discuss opportunities for confirmatory computational brain imaging studies.
Alexander Steinke; Florian Lange; Caroline Seer; Susanne Petri; Bruno Kopp. A Computational Study of Executive Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 2605 .
AMA StyleAlexander Steinke, Florian Lange, Caroline Seer, Susanne Petri, Bruno Kopp. A Computational Study of Executive Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (8):2605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Steinke; Florian Lange; Caroline Seer; Susanne Petri; Bruno Kopp. 2020. "A Computational Study of Executive Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8: 2605.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease of people who are beyond 50 years of age. People with PD (PwP) suffer from a large variety of motor and non-motor symptoms resulting in reduced health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). In the last two decades, alexithymia was identified as an additional non-motor symptom in PD. Alexithymia is defined as a cognitive affective disturbance resulting in difficulty to identify and distinguish feelings from bodily sensations of emotional arousal. In PD, the frequency of patients suffering of alexithymia is increased compared to healthy controls. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of alexithymia to HR-QoL of the PwP and caregiver burden of the corresponding caregiver. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study used disease specific questionnaires for HR-QoL and caregiver burden. In total 119 PwP and their corresponding caregivers were included in the study. HR-QoL of the PwP correlated significantly with alexithymia (p < 0.001), especially the sub-components “identifying feelings” (p < 0.001) and “difficulties describing feelings” (p = 0.001). Caregiver burden also correlated significantly with PwP alexithymia (p < 0.001). However, caregiver burden was associated with sub-components “identifying feelings” (p < 0.008) and “external oriented thinking” (p < 0.004). These data support the importance of alexithymia as a non-motor symptom in PD.
Martin Klietz; Theresa Schnur; Simon C. Drexel; Florian Lange; Lejla Paracka; Meret K. Huber; Dirk Dressler; Günter U. Höglinger; Florian Wegner. Alexithymia Is Associated with Reduced Quality of Life and Increased Caregiver Burden in Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sciences 2020, 10, 401 .
AMA StyleMartin Klietz, Theresa Schnur, Simon C. Drexel, Florian Lange, Lejla Paracka, Meret K. Huber, Dirk Dressler, Günter U. Höglinger, Florian Wegner. Alexithymia Is Associated with Reduced Quality of Life and Increased Caregiver Burden in Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10 (6):401.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Klietz; Theresa Schnur; Simon C. Drexel; Florian Lange; Lejla Paracka; Meret K. Huber; Dirk Dressler; Günter U. Höglinger; Florian Wegner. 2020. "Alexithymia Is Associated with Reduced Quality of Life and Increased Caregiver Burden in Parkinson’s Disease." Brain Sciences 10, no. 6: 401.
In recent years, correlational evidence has accumulated in support of a positive relationship between positive affect and pro-environmental behavior. In contrast, it remains unclear whether the induction of positive affect can causally promote pro-environmental behavior. Previous attempts to examine the effects of experimental affect induction were constrained by the difficulty to study pro-environmental behavior under controlled laboratory conditions. Here, we address this limitation by examining the effect of a validated affect-induction procedure on a recently validated laboratory measure of pro-environmental behavior. Participants in our preregistered experiment (N = 178) watched and rated video clips pretested to induce either positive or neutral affect before completing 24 trials on the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task (PEBT). Results did not reveal any evidence in support of a positive effect of positive affect on PEBT behavior. This result illustrates the need for further systematic and cumulative research on the complex relationship between affect and pro-environmental behavior.
Florian Lange; Siegfried Dewitte. Positive affect and pro-environmental behavior: A preregistered experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology 2020, 80, 102291 .
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Siegfried Dewitte. Positive affect and pro-environmental behavior: A preregistered experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology. 2020; 80 ():102291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Siegfried Dewitte. 2020. "Positive affect and pro-environmental behavior: A preregistered experiment." Journal of Economic Psychology 80, no. : 102291.
The neural mechanisms of cognitive dysfunctions in neurological diseases remain poorly understood. Here, we conjecture that this unsatisfying state-of-the-art is in part due to the non-specificity of the typical behavioral indicators for cognitive dysfunctions. Our study addresses the topic by advancing the assessment of cognitive dysfunctions through computational modeling. We investigate bradyphrenia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as an exemplary case of cognitive dysfunctions in neurological diseases. Our computational model conceptualizes trial-by-trial behavioral data as resulting from parallel cognitive and sensorimotor reinforcement learning. We assessed PD patients ‘on’ and ‘off’ their dopaminergic medication and matched healthy control (HC) participants on a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. PD patients showed increased retention of learned cognitive information and decreased retention of learned sensorimotor information from previous trials in comparison to HC participants. Systemic dopamine replacement therapy did not remedy these cognitive dysfunctions in PD patients but incurred non-desirable side effects such as decreasing cognitive learning from positive feedback. Our results reveal novel insights into facets of bradyphrenia that are indiscernible by observable behavioral indicators of cognitive dysfunctions. We discuss how computational modeling may contribute to the advancement of future research on brain–behavior relationships and neuropsychological assessment.
Alexander Steinke; Florian Lange; Caroline Seer; Merle K. Hendel; Bruno Kopp. Computational Modeling for Neuropsychological Assessment of Bradyphrenia in Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 1158 .
AMA StyleAlexander Steinke, Florian Lange, Caroline Seer, Merle K. Hendel, Bruno Kopp. Computational Modeling for Neuropsychological Assessment of Bradyphrenia in Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (4):1158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Steinke; Florian Lange; Caroline Seer; Merle K. Hendel; Bruno Kopp. 2020. "Computational Modeling for Neuropsychological Assessment of Bradyphrenia in Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4: 1158.
Background The dominant view based on the deficit model of developmental psychopathology is that early adverse rearing impairs cognition. In contrast, an emerging evolutionary–developmental model argues that individuals exposed to early‐life stress may have improved cognitive abilities that are adapted to harsh environments. We set out to test this hypothesis by examining cognitive functions in parentally deprived children in Nigeria. Methods Cognitive performance was compared between 53 deprived children who currently live in institutional homes and foster families and 51 nondeprived control participants. We used a multifaceted neurocognitive test battery for the assessment of inhibition, set‐shifting and working memory. Results Results showed that the deprived and nondeprived group did not significantly differ in their performance on set‐shifting and inhibition tasks. Conversely, the deprived group performed significantly better than the nondeprived group in the working memory task. Discussion We interpret the enhanced working memory ability of the deprived group as a correlate of its ecological relevance. In Nigeria, underprivileged children may need to rely to a larger extent on working memory abilities to attain success through academic work. This study provides further evidence that exposure to early adversity does not necessarily impair cognitive functions but can even enhance it under some conditions and in some domains.
Tochukwu Nweze; Mary Basil Nwoke; Juliet Ifeoma Nwufo; Richard Ikechukwu Aniekwu; Florian Lange. Working for the future: parentally deprived Nigerian Children have enhanced working memory ability. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2020, 62, 280 -288.
AMA StyleTochukwu Nweze, Mary Basil Nwoke, Juliet Ifeoma Nwufo, Richard Ikechukwu Aniekwu, Florian Lange. Working for the future: parentally deprived Nigerian Children have enhanced working memory ability. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2020; 62 (3):280-288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTochukwu Nweze; Mary Basil Nwoke; Juliet Ifeoma Nwufo; Richard Ikechukwu Aniekwu; Florian Lange. 2020. "Working for the future: parentally deprived Nigerian Children have enhanced working memory ability." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 62, no. 3: 280-288.
There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe ( N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion.
Junhua Dang; Paul Barker; Anna Baumert; Margriet Bentvelzen; Elliot Berkman; Nita Buchholz; Jacek Buczny; Zhansheng Chen; Valeria De Cristofaro; Lianne De Vries; Siegfried Dewitte; Mauro Giacomantonio; Ran Gong; Maaike Homan; Roland Imhoff; Ismaharif Ismail; Lile Jia; Thomas Kubiak; Florian Lange; Dan-Yang Li; Jordan Livingston; Rita Ludwig; Angelo Panno; Joshua Pearman; Niklas Rassi; Helgi B. Schiöth; Manfred Schmitt; A. Timur Sevincer; Jiaxin Shi; Angelos Stamos; Yia Chin Tan; Mario Wenzel; Oulmann Zerhouni; Li-Wei Zhang; Yi-Jia Zhang; Axel Zinkernagel. A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2020, 12, 14 -24.
AMA StyleJunhua Dang, Paul Barker, Anna Baumert, Margriet Bentvelzen, Elliot Berkman, Nita Buchholz, Jacek Buczny, Zhansheng Chen, Valeria De Cristofaro, Lianne De Vries, Siegfried Dewitte, Mauro Giacomantonio, Ran Gong, Maaike Homan, Roland Imhoff, Ismaharif Ismail, Lile Jia, Thomas Kubiak, Florian Lange, Dan-Yang Li, Jordan Livingston, Rita Ludwig, Angelo Panno, Joshua Pearman, Niklas Rassi, Helgi B. Schiöth, Manfred Schmitt, A. Timur Sevincer, Jiaxin Shi, Angelos Stamos, Yia Chin Tan, Mario Wenzel, Oulmann Zerhouni, Li-Wei Zhang, Yi-Jia Zhang, Axel Zinkernagel. A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2020; 12 (1):14-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunhua Dang; Paul Barker; Anna Baumert; Margriet Bentvelzen; Elliot Berkman; Nita Buchholz; Jacek Buczny; Zhansheng Chen; Valeria De Cristofaro; Lianne De Vries; Siegfried Dewitte; Mauro Giacomantonio; Ran Gong; Maaike Homan; Roland Imhoff; Ismaharif Ismail; Lile Jia; Thomas Kubiak; Florian Lange; Dan-Yang Li; Jordan Livingston; Rita Ludwig; Angelo Panno; Joshua Pearman; Niklas Rassi; Helgi B. Schiöth; Manfred Schmitt; A. Timur Sevincer; Jiaxin Shi; Angelos Stamos; Yia Chin Tan; Mario Wenzel; Oulmann Zerhouni; Li-Wei Zhang; Yi-Jia Zhang; Axel Zinkernagel. 2020. "A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 1: 14-24.
Understanding how humans navigate the tension between selfish and prosocial behaviour is central to addressing social dilemmas and several environmental issues. Many accounts predict that human prosociality would increase in the presence of observing individuals. Previous studies on this observability effect predominantly relied on artificial observability manipulations and low-cost measures of prosociality. In the present Registered Report, we used a recently validated laboratory procedure of repeated dilemmas to test whether the presence of actual observers affects costly prosocial behaviour in the domain of environmental conservation. When completing this dilemma task, participants repeatedly chose between minimizing the length of the laboratory session and minimising wasted energy from a bank of LED lights. Their choices were made either in private or in the presence of actual observers. Contrary to our expectation, we did not observe higher rates of energy-conserving behaviour when participants' choices were being observed. Manipulation and robustness checks indicate that this lack of a finding is unlikely to be owing to arbitrary methodological choices. In view of these findings, we argue that a more comprehensive analysis of situation- and behaviour-specific consequences might be necessary to predict how particular behaviours are affected by observability.
Florian Lange; Cameron Brick; Siegfried Dewitte. Green when seen? No support for an effect of observability on environmental conservation in the laboratory: a registered report. Royal Society Open Science 2020, 7, 190189 .
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Cameron Brick, Siegfried Dewitte. Green when seen? No support for an effect of observability on environmental conservation in the laboratory: a registered report. Royal Society Open Science. 2020; 7 (4):190189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Cameron Brick; Siegfried Dewitte. 2020. "Green when seen? No support for an effect of observability on environmental conservation in the laboratory: a registered report." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4: 190189.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive movement disorder with severe reduction in patients’ health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Motor and cognitive symptoms are especially linked with decreased PD patients’ HR-QoL. However, the relationship of these symptoms to caregiver burden is relatively unclear. Influence of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) as a cognitive screening tool and Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale MDS-UPDRS symptoms in relation to patients’ HR-QoL and caregivers` burden was analyzed. PD patients (n = 124) completed MDS-UPDRS, MoCA, and the PD questionnaire 8 (PDQ-8) as a measure of quality of life. Caregivers (n = 78) were assessed by the PD caregiver burden inventory (PDCB). PDQ-8 and PDCB scores were regressed on MDS-UPDRS subscales and MoCA subscores. PDQ-8 correlated with attention (R 2 0.1282; p < 0.001 ) and executive (R 2 0.0882; p 0.001) MoCA subscores and all parts of the MDS-UPDRS. PDCB correlated most strongly with MDS-UPDRS part III motor symptoms (R 2 0.2070; p < 0.001 ) and the MoCA attention subscore (R 2 0.1815; p < 0.001 ). While all facets of PD symptoms assessed by the MDS-UPDRS relate to PD patients’ quality of life, motor symptoms are the most relevant factor for the prediction of caregiver burden. In addition, patients’ attentional symptoms seem to affect not only them, but also their caregivers. These findings show the potential of a detailed analysis of MDS-UPDRS and MoCA performance in PD patients.
M. Klietz; T. Schnur; S. Drexel; Florian Lange; A. Tulke; L. Rippena; L. Paracka; D. Dressler; Günter Höglinger; F. Wegner. Association of Motor and Cognitive Symptoms with Health-Related Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden in a German Cohort of Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Patients. Parkinson's Disease 2020, 2020, 1 -8.
AMA StyleM. Klietz, T. Schnur, S. Drexel, Florian Lange, A. Tulke, L. Rippena, L. Paracka, D. Dressler, Günter Höglinger, F. Wegner. Association of Motor and Cognitive Symptoms with Health-Related Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden in a German Cohort of Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Patients. Parkinson's Disease. 2020; 2020 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Klietz; T. Schnur; S. Drexel; Florian Lange; A. Tulke; L. Rippena; L. Paracka; D. Dressler; Günter Höglinger; F. Wegner. 2020. "Association of Motor and Cognitive Symptoms with Health-Related Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden in a German Cohort of Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Patients." Parkinson's Disease 2020, no. : 1-8.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder with progressive impairments in activities of daily living. With disease progression, people with PD (PwP) need more help and care from their spouses or professional caregivers. Identifying factors that help caregivers to cope with their burden is needed to frame future interventions for PwP caregivers. Mindfulness and psychological flexibility might be factors contributing to resilience against the burden of giving care. In this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, 118 PwP and their respective primary caregivers were included. Caregivers reported moderate burden and only mild depressive symptoms. Mindfulness measured by the Mindfulness Attention and Awareness scale (p 0.003) and psychological flexibility measured by Acceptance and Actions Questionnaire II (p 0.001) correlated negatively with caregiver burden. Data from this study indicate mindfulness and psychological flexibility are factors contributing to resilience against caregiver burden. Future interventions to reduce burden in PwP caregivers might be improved by the inclusion of mindfulness training programs.
Martin Klietz; Simon C C Drexel; Theresa Schnur; Florian Lange; Adrian Groh; Lejla Paracka; Stephan Greten; Dirk Dressler; Günter U U Höglinger; Florian Wegner. Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility are Inversely Associated with Caregiver Burden in Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sciences 2020, 10, 111 .
AMA StyleMartin Klietz, Simon C C Drexel, Theresa Schnur, Florian Lange, Adrian Groh, Lejla Paracka, Stephan Greten, Dirk Dressler, Günter U U Höglinger, Florian Wegner. Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility are Inversely Associated with Caregiver Burden in Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10 (2):111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Klietz; Simon C C Drexel; Theresa Schnur; Florian Lange; Adrian Groh; Lejla Paracka; Stephan Greten; Dirk Dressler; Günter U U Höglinger; Florian Wegner. 2020. "Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility are Inversely Associated with Caregiver Burden in Parkinson’s Disease." Brain Sciences 10, no. 2: 111.
Background: Chronic consumption of alcohol and marijuana, especially when initiated at an early age, has been implicated in cognitive alterations in the domain of executive functioning. Despite the robustness of this finding in Western populations, its generalizability to other cultural contexts is largely unknown. In this study, we examined whether the regular use of alcohol or marijuana use relates to impaired executive functioning in male students of a Nigerian university. Methods: Chronic alcohol users (n = 39), chronic marijuana users (n = 35) and drug-abstinent control participants (n = 40) recruited through snow-ball sampling technique completed a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (cWCST). As an established measure of executive functioning, the cWCST allows for the simultaneous assessment of three distinct executive processes: set shifting, rule inference, and set maintenance. Results revealed a selective set-shifting deficit in both alcohol and marijuana users. Results: Both groups committed significantly more perseverative errors than the control group, and group differences were significantly stronger on this indicator of set shifting than on indicators of rule inference or set maintenance. Conclusions: Our findings support the generalizability of drug-related deficits in executive functioning and contribute to the characterization of executive dysfunction in non-Western populations. Future longitudinal studies are required to clarify whether executive dysfunction is an antecedent or consequence of alcohol and marijuana use in young Nigerians.
Tochukwu Nweze; Cyprian C. Eze; Florian Lange. Perseverative Responding in Nigerian Chronic Alcohol and Marijuana Users. Substance Use & Misuse 2020, 55, 1199 -1202.
AMA StyleTochukwu Nweze, Cyprian C. Eze, Florian Lange. Perseverative Responding in Nigerian Chronic Alcohol and Marijuana Users. Substance Use & Misuse. 2020; 55 (7):1199-1202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTochukwu Nweze; Cyprian C. Eze; Florian Lange. 2020. "Perseverative Responding in Nigerian Chronic Alcohol and Marijuana Users." Substance Use & Misuse 55, no. 7: 1199-1202.
SummaryAttempts to mitigate the environmental impact of oil-palm expansion by improving production standards have been of limited success. An alternative approach aims at a better understanding of the factors that drive consumers to reduce excessive vegetable oil consumption. Our studies focused on consumers’ environmental knowledge as a potential determinant of palm oil consumption. They revealed critical limitations in consumers’ palm oil-related knowledge across different domains, study settings and assessment approaches. The more our participants knew about palm oil and its environmental consequences, the stronger were their reported intentions to reduce their consumption. This relationship was significantly stronger for subjective versus objective palm oil-related knowledge. In addition, we examined whether consumers can be stimulated to consult information about palm oil by making information access the default option. While this simple situational nudge promoted information access, we did not find it to significantly increase actual engagement with the information material. This result suggests that it might be necessary to complement default nudges for information access with other measures to enhance palm oil-related knowledge and to reduce palm oil consumption to more sustainable levels.
Florian Lange; Lauranne Coremans. The role of consumer knowledge in reducing the demand for palm oil. Environmental Conservation 2020, 47, 84 -88.
AMA StyleFlorian Lange, Lauranne Coremans. The role of consumer knowledge in reducing the demand for palm oil. Environmental Conservation. 2020; 47 (2):84-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Lange; Lauranne Coremans. 2020. "The role of consumer knowledge in reducing the demand for palm oil." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 2: 84-88.