Electric motor is one of the core components of electronic propulsion systems and plays an essential role in the industry. The optimal design of an electric motor poses a complex nonlinear problem, often challenging traditional methods to strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency. Achieving accurate analysis and holistic optimization typically entails significant computational requirements, particularly when dealing with massive individuals. As a result, researchers begun to explore the utilization of data-driven surrogate models to resolve this dilemma. This review paper focuses on investigating the leading techniques employed for constructing data-driven surrogate models to assist and facilitate the design optimization process of electric motors. These techniques encompass statistical models, machine learning models, deep learning models, and other artificial intelligence-based technologies. The paper provides a comprehensive survey of the underlying principles and offers detailed examples of studies that have utilized these diverse models. Besides, the performances and potentials of these models are highlighted with comments, shedding light on their respective strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the research challenges that lie ahead and promising avenues for future improvements under this topic are discussed.

Electric motors find widespread application across various industrial fields. The pursuit of enhanced comprehensive electric motors performance has consistently drawn significant attention, prompting extensive research in this domain. With the rapid and profound integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology into diverse sectors, an increasing array of AI-based methodologies is being employed in electric motors research. This review aims to comprehensively delineate the applications of AI within the realm of electric motors, specifically focusing into three pivotal stages: electric motors design, drive control, and health maintenance, covering a full-cycle research and development of electric motors. The review commences by outlining the elucidation of the fundamental principles and components of AI. Subsequently, the encompassed input signals, characteristic methodologies, and AI techniques are reviewed and analyzed as demonstrated by pertinent research cases. Furthermore, a synthesis of the distinctive attributes characterizing various techniques is presented. Conclusively, this article offers an unprecedented review of AI-based technology throughout the entirety of the electric motors research cycle. Considering the existing body of knowledge, this article stands as the pioneering endeavor to encapsulate the expansive domain of AI's influence in electric motors research.

Curved-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) technology is widely used in urban underground pipeline repair nowadays. However, the lack of automatic global displacement acquisition method makes it still quite challenging to effectively obtain the detailed displacement characteristics of the CIPP pipes under dynamic loads. Herein, we propose a cascade strategy named automatic speckle region extraction digital image correlation (AR-DIC) to achieve the dynamic, efficient and accurate displacement estimation of the CIPP pipelines, so as to determine the variation characters of the CIPP pipelines under dynamic loads. In the first stage, an improved automatic DeepLabv3+ neural network (IA-DeepLabv3+) is meticulously designed to extract the region of interest (ROI) of the CIPP pipeline speckle automatically. A dataset containing the cluttered background and the real experimental speckle are also generated to train the model parameters. Note that this is the first time an automated ROI extraction method has been proposed in CIPP, even in the DIC field. In the second stage, the digital image correlation based on scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT-DIC) algorithm is adopted to calculate the extracted ROI and get the displacement field. Finally, the proposed method is tested on both the simulated and experimental datasets. The experimental results confirm that our method can not only extract the speckle ROI region accurately, but also achieve high-precision calculation of the displacement field.

The following study will look at the issue of the dealignment of the trajectory when drilling vertically (a fact), where measurement and process errors are still the primary source of error that can easily lead to the inclination angle having overshot the desired bounds. The current methods, such as the Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs), can incorrectly estimate non-Gaussian noises, unlike the classical particle filters (PFs), which are unable to handle significant measurement errors appropriately. We will solve these problems by creating a new deviation correction mechanism using a dung beetle optimizer particle filter (DBOPF) with a superior Model Predictive Controller (MPC). The DBOPF makes use of the prior knowledge and optimization process to enhance the precision of state estimation and is superior in noise reduction to traditional filters. The improved MPC introduces flexible constraints and weight adjustments in the form of a sigmoid function that enables solutions when the inclination angle exceeds the threshold, and priorities are given to control objectives dynamically. The simulation outcomes indicate that the approach is more effective in the correction of the trajectory and control of inclination angle than the conventional MPC and other optimization-based filters, such as the PSO and SSA, in the presence of the noisy drilling environment.