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Dr. Belmira Almeida Ferreira Neto
Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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0 Environmental Impact Assessment
0 Life Cycle Assessment
0 Sustainability
0 food supply chain
0 Sustainable procurements

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food supply chain

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Review
Published: 16 November 2020 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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Medical devices (MDs) are important health instruments, encompassing an enormous diversity of products, from simple ligatures to pacemakers, bone grafts or auxiliary life support machines. Despite the growing social and economic relevance of the MD industry in the health sector, its environmental problems have only recently started to be discussed. MDs companies worldwide are being pressed to assess the environmental impacts of their products by considering the full life cycle. These pressures are leading to the use of tools which promote fact-based environmental decision-making toward a more sustainable health sector. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and eco-design are well-known methods which may provide the MDs industrial sector with knowledge of the environmental impacts associated with their products and subsequently promote informed decisions leading to more sustainable materials, devices and services. This paper selects and reviews relevant studies using the methodology of LCA or eco-design, either applied in a singular basis or simulated, to access impacts of MDs. Seeking for a comparative analysis, this review is extended to LCA studies for the most used material in the MDs industry: the polymers. Results show that the number of studies is not vast, realizing the yet scarce use of either LCA and eco-design in the scientific literature for MDs. Nevertheless, it is observed that when applied either LCA and eco-deign can promote grounds for an increase in the environmental sustainability of MDs.

ACS Style

Ana Catarina Sousa; Anabela Veiga; Ana Collete Maurício; Maria Ascensão Lopes; José Domingos Santos; Belmira Neto. Assessment of the environmental impacts of medical devices: a review. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2020, 23, 9641 -9666.

AMA Style

Ana Catarina Sousa, Anabela Veiga, Ana Collete Maurício, Maria Ascensão Lopes, José Domingos Santos, Belmira Neto. Assessment of the environmental impacts of medical devices: a review. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2020; 23 (7):9641-9666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Catarina Sousa; Anabela Veiga; Ana Collete Maurício; Maria Ascensão Lopes; José Domingos Santos; Belmira Neto. 2020. "Assessment of the environmental impacts of medical devices: a review." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 7: 9641-9666.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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The motivation to this paper is to understand the current practices and recommendations for public purchases of foodservices within EU. In the literature, several examples are made available on current practices or achievements in the purchase of food products and foodservices, made by public authorities. However, the evidence on how the sustainability aspects are covered by distinct procurement schemes for the purchases of food products and foodservices, within EU, is, to our knowledge, not yet available. To fulfil this gap this paper investigates the sustainability criteria recommended to be used in European public acquisitions of food products and catering services. A total of 21 publicly available schemes, from 11 European countries, comprehending national guidelines and cases examples reporting achievements in procurements used by several public authorities (e.g. countries, municipalities, schools) were analysed and reviewed for the type of single criteria used. Schemes cover purchases of food products but also catering services and kitchen & vending equipment. Results show that about 30 different types of sustainability criteria are identified to be used within procurement schemes. Despite the fact that environmental criteria is the one mostly used within the schemes reviewed (18 of the overall criteria reviewed are environmental related), ethical, social and health criteria are also covered within procurements of foodservices. It is also observed that the amounts required for the same single criterion may differ within schemes. The importance of revealing current practices can constitute the basis for a solid ground for the implementation of greener contracts. This analysis provides evidence, on practices within Europe, for public purchasing agents, seeking to lower environmental impact related with purchasing of food products and foodservices. In addition, it may shed light on relevant directions for food policies seeking more sustainable paths for food consumption worldwide.

ACS Style

Belmira Neto. Analysis of sustainability criteria from European public procurement schemes for foodservices. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 704, 135300 .

AMA Style

Belmira Neto. Analysis of sustainability criteria from European public procurement schemes for foodservices. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 704 ():135300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belmira Neto. 2019. "Analysis of sustainability criteria from European public procurement schemes for foodservices." Science of The Total Environment 704, no. : 135300.

Ocean resources and marine conservation
Published: 24 April 2019 in The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
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Aquaculture is the best alternative to fulfil global fish demand, however it still relies heavily on fisheries-derived products for aquafeeds production. This study assesses and compares the environmental impacts of producing four experimental diets to gilthead seabream with different dietary protein (P) to carbohydrate (CH) ratios (P50/CH10 and P40/CH20). The diets were made either with fish meal (FM) or plant feedstuffs (PF) as main protein sources and fish oil (FO) or vegetable oils (VO) as lipid sources. The functional unit used was 1 kg of experimental diet. The studied boundaries included aquafeed ingredients production (S1), compound aquafeeds production under laboratory conditions (S2), and transportation between S1 and S2 locations. The present study applied the Recipe Endpoint method, hierarchist version (V1.13; Europe recipe H/A). Background data was collected from ecoinvent database and related literature. For each aquafeed ingredient used, it was accounted either the agriculture production or fishery activities, the processing unit, and transportation between the production and processing locations. Ingredient mixing and processing was done at the Marine Zoology Station (MZS) located at Porto, Portugal. It was also taken into account the road transportation of aquafeed ingredients between a commercial company and the MZS. Regardless of dietary protein source or P/CH ratio used, all diets had the same single score index. In agreement with several studies, S1 was the system with the highest environmental impact. On the other hand, S2 was the lowest environmental contributor step to all formulated diets, except for diet P50/CH10, where the lowest environmental impact was related with the aquafeed ingredients transportation to MZS. Fisheries-derived ingredients were the biggest contributors to environmental impact. In the hypothesis of replacing FO from Portuguese fisheries by-products by FO of Peruvian anchovy fisheries or by soybean oil (SBO), the environmental impact of the diets would be decreased, being the replacement by SBO the best environmental alternative. There was highlighted a tendency for PF-based diets having lower environmental impact score when compared to the FM-based diets after both hypothetical replacements. Studying the replacement of by-products FO by Peruvian anchovy FO or by SBO allowed to emphasize the importance of adequate ingredients selection for reducing the environmental impact. As limitations of the current study it is important to mention: the use of pelletization as manufacturing process and the non-valorization of fish by-products as recycled aquafeed ingredients.

ACS Style

Catarina Basto-Silva; Inês Guerreiro; Aires Oliva-Teles; Belmira Neto. Life cycle assessment of diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) with different protein/carbohydrate ratios and fishmeal or plant feedstuffs as main protein sources. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2019, 24, 2023 -2034.

AMA Style

Catarina Basto-Silva, Inês Guerreiro, Aires Oliva-Teles, Belmira Neto. Life cycle assessment of diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) with different protein/carbohydrate ratios and fishmeal or plant feedstuffs as main protein sources. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2019; 24 (11):2023-2034.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Basto-Silva; Inês Guerreiro; Aires Oliva-Teles; Belmira Neto. 2019. "Life cycle assessment of diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) with different protein/carbohydrate ratios and fishmeal or plant feedstuffs as main protein sources." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 24, no. 11: 2023-2034.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Natural gas (NG) from shale formations (or shale gas) is an unconventional energy resource whose potential environmental impacts are still not adequately assessed. Hence, this study performs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of shale gas considering a gas well under appraisal in Burgos, Spain. An attributional model was developed, considering the NG pre-production and production phases in the system boundaries, considering 1 MJ of processed NG as a functional unit. Results were obtained through the CML-IA baseline method (developed by the Center of Environmental Science of Leiden University) and showed that well design, drilling and casing, hydraulic fracturing, NG production, gathering, and processing are critical processes. To better address the environmental impacts, a comparison with similar studies was carried out, as well as a sensitivity and an uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The model was found to be particularly sensitive to water usage in hydraulic fracturing and to the number of workovers with hydraulic fracturing. Limited data availability for shale gas exploration still poses a challenge for an accurate LCA. Even though shale gas remains controversial, it still can be considered as a strategic energy resource, requiring a precautionary approach when considering its exploitation and exploration.

ACS Style

D. Costa; B. Neto; A.S. Danko; A. Fiúza. Life Cycle Assessment of a shale gas exploration and exploitation project in the province of Burgos, Spain. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 645, 130 -145.

AMA Style

D. Costa, B. Neto, A.S. Danko, A. Fiúza. Life Cycle Assessment of a shale gas exploration and exploitation project in the province of Burgos, Spain. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 645 ():130-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Costa; B. Neto; A.S. Danko; A. Fiúza. 2018. "Life Cycle Assessment of a shale gas exploration and exploitation project in the province of Burgos, Spain." Science of The Total Environment 645, no. : 130-145.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2017 in The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
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This study performs an exploratory comparative evaluation of various animal and vegetable protein and lipid sources, used as feed in the aquaculture industry. The ingredients studied include fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) from fisheries by-products, meal and fat by-products from poultry slaughter, FM and FO from Peruvian anchovy capture, and soybean meal and oil. The boundaries studied include the production or capture, the ingredient processing unit and the transport to the unit that processes the ingredients into aquafeeds in Portugal. The LCA impact assessment method is the CML-IA baseline V3.04/EU25 and the results were obtained for the characterisation step. Some of the inventory data were collected from a Portuguese company (Savinor) that processes both by-products from local fisheries and by-products from poultry production. Savinor provided data specifically associated with the ingredients’ production. Obtained data were complemented with literature data from: fish capture and poultry production. Inventory data for the production of ingredients from Peruvian anchovy and soybeans were retrieved from literature. It was assumed that the transport of the ingredients produced from Peruvian anchovy, between Lima and Rotterdam, is made in a transoceanic vessel, and it is considered a transport by truck between Rotterdam and Ovar, for soybean ingredients and FM/FO produced from Peruvian anchovy. This paper shows that poultry meal and poultry fat from poultry slaughter by-products have the larger contribution to all environmental impact categories evaluated, being the production of poultry the life cycle stage that contributes most to the overall categories. On the other hand, FM and FO from Peruvian anchovy were the ingredients with a lower contribution to all impact categories, except for abiotic depletion category, for FM from Peruvian anchovy, and abiotic depletion, abiotic depletion (fossil fuels) and ozone layer depletion for FO from Peruvian anchovy. For these categories, soybean meal and oil had lower impacts, respectively. The ingredients were compared by classes (protein and lipid sources). A general conclusion is that soybean meal and oil and FM/FO from Peruvian anchovy appear to be very interesting options for aquafeeds from an LCA perspective. However, some limitations identified for this study, as, for instance, that it does not account for the environmental benefits associated with the use of the mentioned by-products, that would otherwise be considered wastes (i.e. by-products from the fish canning sector and poultry slaughter) shall be evaluated in future studies.

ACS Style

Catarina Basto Silva; Luísa M. P. Valente; Elisabete Matos; Miguel Brandão; Belmira Neto. Life cycle assessment of aquafeed ingredients. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2017, 23, 995 -1017.

AMA Style

Catarina Basto Silva, Luísa M. P. Valente, Elisabete Matos, Miguel Brandão, Belmira Neto. Life cycle assessment of aquafeed ingredients. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2017; 23 (5):995-1017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Basto Silva; Luísa M. P. Valente; Elisabete Matos; Miguel Brandão; Belmira Neto. 2017. "Life cycle assessment of aquafeed ingredients." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23, no. 5: 995-1017.

Review
Published: 21 June 2017 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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Green Public Procurement (GPP) is currently being used to influence the market to shift to a supply of goods and services to the public sector that have a reduced environmental impact. The food service sector plays a major role in the purchases made by the public sector and due to that relevance deserves attention. The GPP schemes reviewed were those that provide details of the specific environmental criteria used (or recommended) for public tendering of food products and catering services provision. The set of GPP schemes apply to distinct geographical zones within the EU, including national level (e.g. Italy), regional level (e.g. Barcelona) and also local level, as in the case of cities (e.g. Copenhagen) or schools (e.g. a school in Pisa, Italy). The criteria set covers services provision to schools, health and social care, higher education, government office canteens, sports and leisure arenas, prisons and defence services (e.g. army). European and worldwide GPP criteria were not covered by the review made. This exploratory study comprehends a total of 23 GPP schemes. This sample includes eight national schemes, three regional schemes and ten local schemes. The review focused on the scope, for the sector of applicability (e.g. education, healthcare) of the GPP set of criteria and for the type of food products covered. Moreover, this paper analyses the type of GPP criteria in use and how the environmental criteria cover the distinct life cycle stages of the whole food supply chain. Findings from the analysis show that for the majority of schemes the scope of criteria is simultaneously the provision of food products and catering services. Moreover, cities, municipalities and counties are the main public authorities reporting procurement activities for the education sector while national GPP activities are applicable for multiple sectors of activity. The main food products covered by the criteria are fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and seafood and meat. Finally, the findings show that the set of criteria from the schemes cover widely the life cycle stages of the food supply chain. The results allowed for a first identification of current practices in the use of GPP criteria within public purchasing of food products and catering services in Europe by national, regional or local governments.

ACS Style

Belmira A. F. Neto; Miguel Gama Caldas. The use of green criteria in the public procurement of food products and catering services: a review of EU schemes. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2017, 20, 1905 -1933.

AMA Style

Belmira A. F. Neto, Miguel Gama Caldas. The use of green criteria in the public procurement of food products and catering services: a review of EU schemes. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2017; 20 (5):1905-1933.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belmira A. F. Neto; Miguel Gama Caldas. 2017. "The use of green criteria in the public procurement of food products and catering services: a review of EU schemes." Environment, Development and Sustainability 20, no. 5: 1905-1933.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Martha Demertzi; Rui Pedro Silva; Belmira Neto; Ana Cláudia Dias; Luís Arroja. Cork stoppers supply chain: potential scenarios for environmental impact reduction. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 112, 1985 -1994.

AMA Style

Martha Demertzi, Rui Pedro Silva, Belmira Neto, Ana Cláudia Dias, Luís Arroja. Cork stoppers supply chain: potential scenarios for environmental impact reduction. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 112 ():1985-1994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martha Demertzi; Rui Pedro Silva; Belmira Neto; Ana Cláudia Dias; Luís Arroja. 2016. "Cork stoppers supply chain: potential scenarios for environmental impact reduction." Journal of Cleaner Production 112, no. : 1985-1994.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2014 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Paula Quinteiro; Ana Cláudia Dias; Leandro Pina; Belmira Neto; Bradley G. Ridoutt; Luís Arroja. Addressing the freshwater use of a Portuguese wine (‘vinho verde’) using different LCA methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 2014, 68, 46 -55.

AMA Style

Paula Quinteiro, Ana Cláudia Dias, Leandro Pina, Belmira Neto, Bradley G. Ridoutt, Luís Arroja. Addressing the freshwater use of a Portuguese wine (‘vinho verde’) using different LCA methods. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014; 68 ():46-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paula Quinteiro; Ana Cláudia Dias; Leandro Pina; Belmira Neto; Bradley G. Ridoutt; Luís Arroja. 2014. "Addressing the freshwater use of a Portuguese wine (‘vinho verde’) using different LCA methods." Journal of Cleaner Production 68, no. : 46-55.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2012 in The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
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This paper performs a life cycle assessment study for a white wine produced in the northern part of Portugal, i.e. the white vinho verde. The purpose is to identify the environmental impacts occurring along the wine life cycle as well as the stages that mostly contribute to the environmental impact, as well as the associated causes. The stages considered include: (1) viticulture, (2) wine production (vinification to storage), (3) wine distribution and (4) bottles production. The consumption of materials and energy, as well as the emissions to air, soil and water from the wine campaign of 2008/2009 were reported to the functional unit (0.75 l of white vinho verde). A Portuguese company that produces about 25 % of the current total production of white vinho verde supplied specific life cycle data for the stages of viticulture, wine production and distribution. SimaPro and the Ecoinvent database were used to perform the environmental assessment using CML 2001 impact methodology. A sensitivity analysis for a set of significant parameters was performed. Results show that for viticulture the contribution of each impact category is larger than 50 %. The production of bottles is the second contributor varying from about 4 % (to eutrophication) to 26 % (to acidification). Wine production and distribution are the subsequent contributors. The contribution of wine production varies between 0.6 % (to land competition) and about 13 % (from marine aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity 100a). The contribution of distribution is up to 14 % (to photochemical oxidation). Sensitivity analysis shows that significant changes are calculated for parameters as the nitrate leaching to groundwater, the emission of nitrous oxide from managed soil, and from runoff and leaching. Changes in these parameters are significant for only a few impact categories as eutrophication and global warming. Viticulture is the stage with the largest relative contribution to the overall environmental impact and the bottle production is the subsequent stage. In order to improve the environmental performance of the supply chain for wine, it is necessary to optimise the dosage of fertilisers and phytosanitary products used during viticulture. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the most influential parameters relate with the emission of nitrogen compounds associated with the use of fertilisers.

ACS Style

Belmira Neto; Ana Dias; Marina Machado. Life cycle assessment of the supply chain of a Portuguese wine: from viticulture to distribution. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2012, 18, 590 -602.

AMA Style

Belmira Neto, Ana Dias, Marina Machado. Life cycle assessment of the supply chain of a Portuguese wine: from viticulture to distribution. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2012; 18 (3):590-602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belmira Neto; Ana Dias; Marina Machado. 2012. "Life cycle assessment of the supply chain of a Portuguese wine: from viticulture to distribution." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 18, no. 3: 590-602.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2009 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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This study presents an overview of options aiming to reduce emissions to air, soil and water from an aluminium die casting plant located in Portugal. We identify eighteen pollution reduction options and then estimate their potential to reduce the pollution, and the costs associated with their implementation to the die casting plant. The different types of options considered include typical end-of-pipe solutions, as well as alternative techniques or modifications in process operations of the plant. Finally, we calculate the implementation costs for the company of each reduction option. We conclude that there are promising opportunities to reduce the pollution from aluminium pressure die casting. Our inventory includes options with net negative costs, indicating that the company may in fact gain from implementing these options. Even though our study specifically focuses on one particular plant, the results may be interesting for the aluminium pressure die casting sector industry in general.

ACS Style

Belmira Neto; Carolien Kroeze; Leen Hordijk; Carlos Costa. Inventory of pollution reduction options for an aluminium pressure die casting plant. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2009, 53, 309 -320.

AMA Style

Belmira Neto, Carolien Kroeze, Leen Hordijk, Carlos Costa. Inventory of pollution reduction options for an aluminium pressure die casting plant. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2009; 53 (6):309-320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belmira Neto; Carolien Kroeze; Leen Hordijk; Carlos Costa. 2009. "Inventory of pollution reduction options for an aluminium pressure die casting plant." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53, no. 6: 309-320.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2009 in Journal of Environmental Management
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This study explores a model (MIKADO) to analyse scenarios for the reduction of the environmental impact of an aluminium die casting plant. Our model calculates the potential to reduce emissions, and the costs associated with implementation of reduction options. In an earlier paper [Neto, B., Kroeze, C., Hordijk, L., Costa, C., 2008. Modelling the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting company and options for control. Environmental Modelling & Software 23 (2) 147-168] we included the model description and explored the model by applying it to a plant in which no reduction options are assumed to be implemented (so-called zero case, reflecting the current practice in the plant). Here, we perform a systematic analysis of reduction options. We analysed seven types of reduction strategies, assuming the simultaneous implementation of different reduction options. These strategies are analysed with respect to their potential to reduce emissions, environmental impact and costs associated with the implementation of options. These strategies were found to differ largely in their potential to reduce the environmental impact of the plant (10-87%), as well as in the costs associated with the implementation of options (-268 to +277 kEuro/year). We were able to define 11 strategies, reducing the overall environmental impact by more than 50%. Of these, two have net negative costs, indicating that the company may in fact earn money through their implementation

ACS Style

Belmira Neto; Carolien Kroeze; Leen Hordijk; Carlos Costa; Tinus Pulles. Strategies to reduce the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting plant: A scenario analysis. Journal of Environmental Management 2009, 90, 815 -830.

AMA Style

Belmira Neto, Carolien Kroeze, Leen Hordijk, Carlos Costa, Tinus Pulles. Strategies to reduce the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting plant: A scenario analysis. Journal of Environmental Management. 2009; 90 (2):815-830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belmira Neto; Carolien Kroeze; Leen Hordijk; Carlos Costa; Tinus Pulles. 2009. "Strategies to reduce the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting plant: A scenario analysis." Journal of Environmental Management 90, no. 2: 815-830.

Journal article
Published: 29 February 2008 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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This study describes a model (MIKADO) to analyse options to reduce the environmental impact of aluminium die casting. This model will take a company perspective, so that it can be used as a decision-support tool for the environmental management of a plant. MIKADO can be used to perform scenario analyses to analyse the impact on the environment of different strategies, while taking into account both economical and ecological consequences of decision-making. The MIKADO approach is based on relevant parts of Life Cycle Assessment, environmental systems management and Multi-criteria Analysis. One of the strengths of MIKADO is the integrated approach that it takes in analysing, simultaneously, a set of eight environmental problems, including: human toxicity, abiotic depletion, global warming, solid waste production, acidification, terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical ozone formation and aquatic toxicity, caused by the aluminium die casting plant. The model is developed for and applied to a specific aluminium die casting plant supplying car manufacturers with aluminium die casting products. We present model results for a reference case, indicating that most of the environmental impact of the plant is associated with releases of compounds during the melting and casting of alloy, as well as with the use of natural gas. Finally, we present results of a partial sensitivity analysis, indicating the sensitivity of the model to changes in parameter values.

ACS Style

Belmira A. F. Neto; Carolien Kroeze; Leen Hordijk; Carlos Costa. Modelling the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting plant and options for control. Environmental Modelling & Software 2008, 23, 147 -168.

AMA Style

Belmira A. F. Neto, Carolien Kroeze, Leen Hordijk, Carlos Costa. Modelling the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting plant and options for control. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2008; 23 (2):147-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belmira A. F. Neto; Carolien Kroeze; Leen Hordijk; Carlos Costa. 2008. "Modelling the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting plant and options for control." Environmental Modelling & Software 23, no. 2: 147-168.