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Project Goal: Advice on toxin detection systems
Current Stage: ongoing
Project Goal: Comprehension of coastal & marine socio-ecosystems
Current Stage: Completed
Project Goal: Identification of natural lipophilic bioactive compounds in shellfish
Current Stage: Completed
Project Goal: Azaspiracids Standards and Toxicology
Current Stage: Completed
Project Goal: Azaspiracids Standards and Toxicology
Current Stage: Completed
Dinoflagellate species of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are known to produce ciguatera poisoning-associated toxic compounds, such as ciguatoxins, or other toxins, such as maitotoxins. However, many species and strains remain poorly characterized in areas where they were recently identified, such as the western Mediterranean Sea. In previous studies carried out by our research group, a G. australes strain from the Balearic Islands (Mediterranean Sea) presenting MTX-like activity was characterized by LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS detecting 44-methyl gambierone and gambieric acids C and D. However, MTX1, which is typically found in some G. australes strains from the Pacific Ocean, was not detected. Therefore, this study focuses on the identification of the compound responsible for the MTX-like toxicity in this strain. The G. australes strain was characterized not only using LC-MS instruments but also N2a-guided HPLC fractionation. Following this approach, several toxic compounds were identified in three fractions by LC-MS/MS and HRMS. A novel MTX analogue, named MTX5, was identified in the most toxic fraction, and 44-methyl gambierone and gambieric acids C and D contributed to the toxicity observed in other fractions of this strain. Thus, G. australes from the Mediterranean Sea produces MTX5 instead of MTX1 in contrast to some strains of the same species from the Pacific Ocean. No CTX precursors were detected, reinforcing the complexity of the identification of CTXs precursors in these regions.
Pablo Estevez; David Castro; José Manuel Leão-Martins; Manoëlla Sibat; Angels Tudó; Robert Dickey; Jorge Diogene; Philipp Hess; Ana Gago-Martinez. Toxicity Screening of a Gambierdiscus australes Strain from the Western Mediterranean Sea and Identification of a Novel Maitotoxin Analogue. Marine Drugs 2021, 19, 460 .
AMA StylePablo Estevez, David Castro, José Manuel Leão-Martins, Manoëlla Sibat, Angels Tudó, Robert Dickey, Jorge Diogene, Philipp Hess, Ana Gago-Martinez. Toxicity Screening of a Gambierdiscus australes Strain from the Western Mediterranean Sea and Identification of a Novel Maitotoxin Analogue. Marine Drugs. 2021; 19 (8):460.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Estevez; David Castro; José Manuel Leão-Martins; Manoëlla Sibat; Angels Tudó; Robert Dickey; Jorge Diogene; Philipp Hess; Ana Gago-Martinez. 2021. "Toxicity Screening of a Gambierdiscus australes Strain from the Western Mediterranean Sea and Identification of a Novel Maitotoxin Analogue." Marine Drugs 19, no. 8: 460.
Ciguatera food poisoning affects consumer health and fisheries’ economies worldwide in tropical zones, and specifically in the Pacific area. The wide variety of ciguatoxins bio-accumulated in fish or shellfish responsible for this neurological illness are produced by marine dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus and bio-transformed through the food web. The evaluation of the contents of ciguatoxins in strains of Gambierdiscus relies on the availability of standards and on the development of sensitive and specific tools to detect them. There is a need for sensitive methods for the analysis of pacific ciguatoxins with high resolution mass spectrometry to ensure unequivocal identification of all congeners. We have applied a fractional factorial design of experiment 2^8-3 for the screening of the significance of eight parameters potentially influencing ionization and ion transmission and their interactions to evaluate the behavior of sodium adducts, protonated molecules and first water losses of CTX4A/B, CTX3B/C, 2-OH-CTX3C and 44-methylgambierone on a Q-TOF equipment. The four parameters that allowed to significantly increase the peak areas of ciguatoxins and gambierones (up to a factor ten) were the capillary voltage, the sheath gas temperature, the ion funnel low pressure voltage and the ion funnel exit voltage. The optimized method was applied to revisit the toxin profile of G. polynesiensis (strain TB92) with a confirmation of the presence of M-seco-CTX4A only putatively reported so far and the detection of an isomer of CTX4A. The improvement in toxin detection also allowed to obtain informative high resolution targeted MS/MS spectra revealing high similarity in fragmentation patterns between putative isomer (4) of CTX3C, 2-OH-CTX3C and CTX3B on one side and between CTX4A, M-seco-CTX4A and the putative isomer on the other side, suggesting a relation of constitutional isomerism between them for both isomers.
Thomas Yon; Manoella Sibat; Damien Réveillon; Samuel Bertrand; Mireille Chinain; Philipp Hess. Deeper insight into Gambierdiscus polynesiensis toxin production relies on specific optimization of high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021, 232, 122400 .
AMA StyleThomas Yon, Manoella Sibat, Damien Réveillon, Samuel Bertrand, Mireille Chinain, Philipp Hess. Deeper insight into Gambierdiscus polynesiensis toxin production relies on specific optimization of high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta. 2021; 232 ():122400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Yon; Manoella Sibat; Damien Réveillon; Samuel Bertrand; Mireille Chinain; Philipp Hess. 2021. "Deeper insight into Gambierdiscus polynesiensis toxin production relies on specific optimization of high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry." Talanta 232, no. : 122400.
Dinophysis is the main dinoflagellate genus responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in human consumers of filter feeding bivalves contaminated with lipophilic diarrheic toxins. Species of this genus have a worldwide distribution driven by environmental conditions (temperature, irradiance, salinity, nutrients etc.), and these factors are sensitive to climate change. The D. acuminata-complex may contain several species, including D. sacculus. The latter has been found in estuaries and semi-enclosed areas, water bodies subjected to quick salinity variations and its natural repartition suggests some tolerance to salinity changes. However, the response of strains of D. acuminata-complex (D. cf. sacculus) subjected to salinity stress and the underlying mechanisms have never been studied in the laboratory. Here, a 24 h hypoosmotic (25) and hyperosmotic (42) stress was performed in vitro in a metabolomic study carried out with three cultivated strains of D. cf. sacculus isolated from the French Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Growth rate, biovolume and osmolyte (proline, glycine betaine and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)) and toxin contents were measured. Osmolyte contents were higher at the highest salinity, but only a significant increase in glycine betaine was observed between the control (35) and the hyperosmotic treatment. Metabolomics revealed significant and strain-dependent differences in metabolite profiles for different salinities. These results, as well as the absence of effects on growth rate, biovolume, okadaic acid (OA) and pectenotoxin (PTXs) cellular contents, suggest that the D. cf. sacculus strains studied are highly tolerant to salinity variations.
Sylvain Gaillard; Damien Réveillon; Charline Danthu; Fabienne Hervé; Manoella Sibat; Liliane Carpentier; Hélène Hégaret; Véronique Séchet; Philipp Hess. Effect of a short-term salinity stress on the growth, biovolume, toxins, osmolytes and metabolite profiles on three strains of the Dinophysis acuminata-complex (Dinophysis cf. sacculus). Harmful Algae 2021, 107, 102009 .
AMA StyleSylvain Gaillard, Damien Réveillon, Charline Danthu, Fabienne Hervé, Manoella Sibat, Liliane Carpentier, Hélène Hégaret, Véronique Séchet, Philipp Hess. Effect of a short-term salinity stress on the growth, biovolume, toxins, osmolytes and metabolite profiles on three strains of the Dinophysis acuminata-complex (Dinophysis cf. sacculus). Harmful Algae. 2021; 107 ():102009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylvain Gaillard; Damien Réveillon; Charline Danthu; Fabienne Hervé; Manoella Sibat; Liliane Carpentier; Hélène Hégaret; Véronique Séchet; Philipp Hess. 2021. "Effect of a short-term salinity stress on the growth, biovolume, toxins, osmolytes and metabolite profiles on three strains of the Dinophysis acuminata-complex (Dinophysis cf. sacculus)." Harmful Algae 107, no. : 102009.
Dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis are the most prominent producers of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins which have an impact on public health and on marine aquaculture worldwide. In particular, Dinophysis acuminata has been reported as the major DSP agent in Western Europe. Still, its contribution to DSP events in the regions of the English Channel and the Atlantic coast of France, and the role of the others species of the Dinophysis community in these areas are not as clear. In addition, species identification within the D. acuminata complex has proven difficult due to their highly similar morphological features. In the present study, 30 clonal strains of the dominant Dinophysis species have been isolated from French coasts including the English Channel (3 sites), the Atlantic Ocean (11 sites) and the Mediterranean Sea (6 sites). Morphologically, strains were identified as three species: D. acuta, D. caudata, D. tripos, as well as the D. acuminata-complex. Sequences of the ITS and LSU rDNA regions confirmed these identifications and revealed no genetic difference within the D. acuminata-complex. Using the mitochondrial gene cox1, two groups of strains differing by only one substitution were found in the D. acuminata-complex, but SEM analysis of various strains showed a large range of morphological variations. Based on geographical origin and morphology, strains of the subclade A were ascribed to ‘D. acuminata’ while those of the subclade B were ascribed to ‘D. sacculus’. Nevertheless, the distinction into two separate species remains questionable and was not supported by our genetic data. The considerable variations observed in cultured strains suggest that physiological factors might influence cell contour and bias identification. Analyses of Dinophysis cultures from French coastal waters using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed species-conserved toxin profiles for D. acuta (dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2), okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2)), D. caudata (PTX2) and D. tripos (PTX2), irrespective of geographical origin (Atlantic Ocean or Mediterranean Sea). Within the D. acuminata-complex, two different toxin profiles were observed: the strains of ‘D. acuminata’ (subclade A) from the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean contained only OA while strains of ‘D. sacculus’ (subclade B) from Mediterranean Sea/Atlantic Ocean contained PTX2 as the dominant toxin, with OA and C9-esters also being present, albeit in lower proportions. The same difference in toxin profiles between ‘D. sacculus’ and ‘D. acuminata’ was reported in several studies from Galicia (NW- Spain). This difference in toxin profiles has consequences in terms of public health, and consequently for monitoring programs. While toxin profile could appear as a reliable feature separating ‘D. acuminata’ from ‘D. sacculus’ on both French and Spanish coasts, this does not seem consistent with observations on a broader geographical scale for the D. acuminata complex, possibly due to the frequent lack of genetic characterization.
Véronique Séchet; Manoella Sibat; Gwenael Billien; Liliane Carpentier; Georges-Augustin Rovillon; Virginie Raimbault; Florent Malo; Sylvain Gaillard; Myriam Perrière-Rumebe; Philipp Hess; Nicolas Chomérat. Characterization of toxin-producing strains of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae) isolated from French coastal waters, with a particular focus on the D. acuminata-complex. Harmful Algae 2021, 107, 101974 .
AMA StyleVéronique Séchet, Manoella Sibat, Gwenael Billien, Liliane Carpentier, Georges-Augustin Rovillon, Virginie Raimbault, Florent Malo, Sylvain Gaillard, Myriam Perrière-Rumebe, Philipp Hess, Nicolas Chomérat. Characterization of toxin-producing strains of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae) isolated from French coastal waters, with a particular focus on the D. acuminata-complex. Harmful Algae. 2021; 107 ():101974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVéronique Séchet; Manoella Sibat; Gwenael Billien; Liliane Carpentier; Georges-Augustin Rovillon; Virginie Raimbault; Florent Malo; Sylvain Gaillard; Myriam Perrière-Rumebe; Philipp Hess; Nicolas Chomérat. 2021. "Characterization of toxin-producing strains of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae) isolated from French coastal waters, with a particular focus on the D. acuminata-complex." Harmful Algae 107, no. : 101974.
Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Ciguatera outbreaks are expected to increase worldwide with global change, in particular as a function of its main drivers, including changes in sea surface temperature, acidification, and coastal eutrophication. In French Polynesia, G. polynesiensis is regarded as the dominant source of CTXs entering the food web. The effects of pH (8.4, 8.2, and 7.9), Nitrogen:Phosphorus ratios (24N:1P vs. 48N:1P), and nitrogen source (nitrates vs. urea) on growth rate, biomass, CTX levels, and profiles were examined in four clones of G. polynesiensis at different culture age (D10, D21, and D30). Results highlight a decrease in growth rate and cellular biomass at low pH when urea is used as a N source. No significant effect of pH, N:P ratio, and N source on the overall CTX content was observed. Up to ten distinct analogs of Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTXs) could be detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in clone NHA4 grown in urea, at D21. Amounts of more oxidized P-CTX analogs also increased under the lowest pH condition. These data provide interesting leads for the custom production of CTX standards.
Sébastien Longo; Manoëlla Sibat; Hélène Taiana Darius; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae). Toxins 2020, 12, 767 .
AMA StyleSébastien Longo, Manoëlla Sibat, Hélène Taiana Darius, Philipp Hess, Mireille Chinain. Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae). Toxins. 2020; 12 (12):767.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSébastien Longo; Manoëlla Sibat; Hélène Taiana Darius; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. 2020. "Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae)." Toxins 12, no. 12: 767.
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). This disease is highly prevalent in French Polynesia with several well-identified hotspots. Rapa Island, the southernmost inhabited island in the country, was reportedly free of CP until 2007. This study describes the integrated approach used to investigate the etiology of a fatal mass-poisoning outbreak that occurred in Rapa in 2009. Symptoms reported in patients were evocative of ciguatera. Several Gambierdiscus field samples collected from benthic assemblages tested positive by the receptor binding assay (RBA). Additionally, the toxicity screening of ≈250 fish by RBA indicated ≈78% of fish could contain CTXs. The presence of CTXs in fish was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The potential link between climate change and this range expansion of ciguatera to a subtropical locale of French Polynesia was also examined based on the analysis of temperature time-series data. Results are indicative of a global warming trend in Rapa area. A five-fold reduction in incidence rates was observed between 2009 and 2012, which was due in part to self-regulating behavior among individuals (avoidance of particular fish species and areas). Such observations underscore the prominent role played by community outreach in ciguatera risk management.
Mireille Chinain; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; André Ung; Philippe Cruchet; Taina Revel; Jérôme Viallon; Manoëlla Sibat; Patrick Varney; Victoire Laurent; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius. Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). Toxins 2020, 12, 759 .
AMA StyleMireille Chinain, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, André Ung, Philippe Cruchet, Taina Revel, Jérôme Viallon, Manoëlla Sibat, Patrick Varney, Victoire Laurent, Philipp Hess, Hélène Taiana Darius. Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). Toxins. 2020; 12 (12):759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMireille Chinain; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; André Ung; Philippe Cruchet; Taina Revel; Jérôme Viallon; Manoëlla Sibat; Patrick Varney; Victoire Laurent; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius. 2020. "Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago)." Toxins 12, no. 12: 759.
The marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum produces powerful paralyzing and cytotoxic compounds named pinnatoxins (PnTX) and portimines. Even though, no related human intoxication episodes following direct exposure in seawater or the ingestion of contaminated seafood have been documented so far. This study aimed at investigating a dinoflagellate bloom linked to acute dermatitis cases in two recreational beaches in Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. We used epidemiological and clinical data from 60 dermatitis cases consisting of individuals in close contact with the bloom. Seawater physical-chemical properties were described, and the microorganism causing the bloom was identified by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological identification was confirmed genetically by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2, and the 5.8S rDNA region. Toxic compounds were identified from a bloom extract using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and their concentrations were estimated based on low-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sixty people who had prolonged contact with the dinoflagellate bloom suffered acute dermal irritation. Most patients (79.2%) were children and had to be treated with antibiotics; some required >5-day hospitalization. Combined morphological and genetic characters indicated V. rugosum as the causative agent of the bloom. rDNA sequences of the V. rugosum genotype found in the bloom aligned with others from Asia, including material found in the ballast tank of a ship in Florida. The predominant toxins in the bloom were portimine, PnTX-F and PnTX-E, similar to strains originating from the Pacific Ocean. This bloom was associated with unusual weather conditions such as frequent and prolonged droughts. Our findings indicate a close link between the V. rugosum bloom and a dermatitis outbreak among swimmers in Cienfuegos Bay. Phylogenetic evidence suggests a recent introduction of V. rugosum from the Pacific Ocean into Caribbean waters, possibly via ballast water.
Angel R. Moreira-González; Augusto Comas-González; Aimee Valle-Pombrol; Mabel Seisdedo-Losa; Olidia Hernández-Leyva; Luciano F. Fernandes; Nicolas Chomérat; Gwenaël Bilien; Fabienne Hervé; Georges Augustin Rovillon; Philipp Hess; Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández; Luiz L. Mafra. Summer bloom of Vulcanodinium rugosum in Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba) associated to dermatitis in swimmers. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 757, 143782 .
AMA StyleAngel R. Moreira-González, Augusto Comas-González, Aimee Valle-Pombrol, Mabel Seisdedo-Losa, Olidia Hernández-Leyva, Luciano F. Fernandes, Nicolas Chomérat, Gwenaël Bilien, Fabienne Hervé, Georges Augustin Rovillon, Philipp Hess, Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández, Luiz L. Mafra. Summer bloom of Vulcanodinium rugosum in Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba) associated to dermatitis in swimmers. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 757 ():143782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngel R. Moreira-González; Augusto Comas-González; Aimee Valle-Pombrol; Mabel Seisdedo-Losa; Olidia Hernández-Leyva; Luciano F. Fernandes; Nicolas Chomérat; Gwenaël Bilien; Fabienne Hervé; Georges Augustin Rovillon; Philipp Hess; Carlos M. Alonso-Hernández; Luiz L. Mafra. 2020. "Summer bloom of Vulcanodinium rugosum in Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba) associated to dermatitis in swimmers." Science of The Total Environment 757, no. : 143782.
Centrodinium punctatum is a fusiform dinoflagellate with a global marine distribution. Due to a close phylogenetic relationship of one C. punctatum strain to Alexandrium species, toxin production of this C. punctatum strain was assessed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) profile of C. punctatum was dominated by six analogs, i.e. STX (30%), GTX-1 (20%) and neoSTX (24%), followed by GTX-2 (9%), GTX-4 (9%) and GTX-3 (8%); deoxy-STX was also putatively identified while no gymnodimines, spirolides or goniodomins were detected. This is the first record of C. punctatum producing saxitoxins. The estimated cellular toxicity was rather elevated, between 91 and 212 pg cell−1 (or 259 and 601 fmol cell−1). When considering the toxicity equivalent factors, results suggest that this species can produce high cellular toxicity compared to other STX-producing dinoflagellates. Morphological details of the sulcal area and the hypotheca of Centrodinium punctatum were re-examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); this revealed that in the sulcal area, the left posterior sulcal plate (Ssp) is larger and longer than the left posterior sulcal plate and extended into the hypotheca. Based on the morphological observation, a revised interpretation of the sulcus and hypotheca is proposed.
Hyeon Ho Shin; Zhun Li; Damien Réveillon; Georges-Augustin Rovillon; Kenneth Neil Mertens; Philipp Hess; Hyun Jung Kim; Jihoon Lee; Kyun-Woo Lee; Daekyung Kim; Bum Soo Park; Jinik Hwang; Min Ho Seo; Weol Ae Lim. Centrodinium punctatum (Dinophyceae) produces significant levels of saxitoxin and related analogs. Harmful Algae 2020, 100, 101923 .
AMA StyleHyeon Ho Shin, Zhun Li, Damien Réveillon, Georges-Augustin Rovillon, Kenneth Neil Mertens, Philipp Hess, Hyun Jung Kim, Jihoon Lee, Kyun-Woo Lee, Daekyung Kim, Bum Soo Park, Jinik Hwang, Min Ho Seo, Weol Ae Lim. Centrodinium punctatum (Dinophyceae) produces significant levels of saxitoxin and related analogs. Harmful Algae. 2020; 100 ():101923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon Ho Shin; Zhun Li; Damien Réveillon; Georges-Augustin Rovillon; Kenneth Neil Mertens; Philipp Hess; Hyun Jung Kim; Jihoon Lee; Kyun-Woo Lee; Daekyung Kim; Bum Soo Park; Jinik Hwang; Min Ho Seo; Weol Ae Lim. 2020. "Centrodinium punctatum (Dinophyceae) produces significant levels of saxitoxin and related analogs." Harmful Algae 100, no. : 101923.
A recently published study analyzed the phylogenetic relationship between the genera Centrodinium and Alexandrium, confirming an earlier publication showing the genus Alexandrium as paraphyletic. This most recent manuscript retained the genus Alexandrium, introduced a new genus Episemicolon, resurrected two genera, Gessnerium and Protogonyaulax, and stated that: “The polyphyly [sic] of Alexandrium is solved with the split into four genera”. However, these reintroduced taxa were not based on monophyletic groups. Therefore this work, if accepted, would result in replacing a single paraphyletic taxon with several non-monophyletic ones. The morphological data presented for genus characterization also do not convincingly support taxa delimitations. The combination of weak molecular phylogenetics and the lack of diagnostic traits (i.e., autapomorphies) render the applicability of the concept of limited use. The proposal to split the genus Alexandrium on the basis of our current knowledge is rejected herein. The aim here is not to present an alternative analysis and revision, but to maintain Alexandrium. A better constructed and more phylogenetically accurate revision can and should wait until more complete evidence becomes available and there is a strong reason to revise the genus Alexandrium. The reasons are explained in detail by a review of the available molecular and morphological data for species of the genera Alexandrium and Centrodinium. In addition, cyst morphology and chemotaxonomy are discussed, and the need for integrative taxonomy is highlighted.
Kenneth Neil Mertens; Masao Adachi; Donald M. Anderson; Christine J. Band-Schmidt; Isabel Bravo; Michael L. Brosnahan; Christopher J.S. Bolch; António J. Calado; M. Consuelo Carbonell-Moore; Nicolas Chomérat; Malte Elbrächter; Rosa Isabel Figueroa; Santiago Fraga; Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga; Esther Garcés; Haifeng Gu; Gustaaf Hallegraeff; Philipp Hess; Mona Hoppenrath; Takeo Horiguchi; Mitsunori Iwataki; Uwe John; Anke Kremp; Jacob Larsen; Chui Pin Leaw; Zhun Li; Po Teen Lim; Wayne Litaker; Lincoln MacKenzie; Estelle Masseret; Kazumi Matsuoka; Øjvind Moestrup; Marina Montresor; Satoshi Nagai; Elisabeth Nézan; Tomohiro Nishimura; Yuri B. Okolodkov; Tatiana Yu. Orlova; Albert Reñé; Nagore Sampedro; Cecilia Teodora Satta; Hyeon Ho Shin; Raffaele Siano; Kirsty F. Smith; Karen Steidinger; Yoshihito Takano; Urban Tillmann; Jennifer Wolny; Aika Yamaguchi; Shauna Murray. Morphological and phylogenetic data do not support the split of Alexandrium into four genera. Harmful Algae 2020, 98, 101902 .
AMA StyleKenneth Neil Mertens, Masao Adachi, Donald M. Anderson, Christine J. Band-Schmidt, Isabel Bravo, Michael L. Brosnahan, Christopher J.S. Bolch, António J. Calado, M. Consuelo Carbonell-Moore, Nicolas Chomérat, Malte Elbrächter, Rosa Isabel Figueroa, Santiago Fraga, Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga, Esther Garcés, Haifeng Gu, Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Philipp Hess, Mona Hoppenrath, Takeo Horiguchi, Mitsunori Iwataki, Uwe John, Anke Kremp, Jacob Larsen, Chui Pin Leaw, Zhun Li, Po Teen Lim, Wayne Litaker, Lincoln MacKenzie, Estelle Masseret, Kazumi Matsuoka, Øjvind Moestrup, Marina Montresor, Satoshi Nagai, Elisabeth Nézan, Tomohiro Nishimura, Yuri B. Okolodkov, Tatiana Yu. Orlova, Albert Reñé, Nagore Sampedro, Cecilia Teodora Satta, Hyeon Ho Shin, Raffaele Siano, Kirsty F. Smith, Karen Steidinger, Yoshihito Takano, Urban Tillmann, Jennifer Wolny, Aika Yamaguchi, Shauna Murray. Morphological and phylogenetic data do not support the split of Alexandrium into four genera. Harmful Algae. 2020; 98 ():101902.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenneth Neil Mertens; Masao Adachi; Donald M. Anderson; Christine J. Band-Schmidt; Isabel Bravo; Michael L. Brosnahan; Christopher J.S. Bolch; António J. Calado; M. Consuelo Carbonell-Moore; Nicolas Chomérat; Malte Elbrächter; Rosa Isabel Figueroa; Santiago Fraga; Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga; Esther Garcés; Haifeng Gu; Gustaaf Hallegraeff; Philipp Hess; Mona Hoppenrath; Takeo Horiguchi; Mitsunori Iwataki; Uwe John; Anke Kremp; Jacob Larsen; Chui Pin Leaw; Zhun Li; Po Teen Lim; Wayne Litaker; Lincoln MacKenzie; Estelle Masseret; Kazumi Matsuoka; Øjvind Moestrup; Marina Montresor; Satoshi Nagai; Elisabeth Nézan; Tomohiro Nishimura; Yuri B. Okolodkov; Tatiana Yu. Orlova; Albert Reñé; Nagore Sampedro; Cecilia Teodora Satta; Hyeon Ho Shin; Raffaele Siano; Kirsty F. Smith; Karen Steidinger; Yoshihito Takano; Urban Tillmann; Jennifer Wolny; Aika Yamaguchi; Shauna Murray. 2020. "Morphological and phylogenetic data do not support the split of Alexandrium into four genera." Harmful Algae 98, no. : 101902.
Rationale The dinoflagellate genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are producers of toxins responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning (CP). Although having very low oral potency, maitotoxins (MTXs) are very toxic following intraperitoneal injection and feeding studies have shown they may accumulate in fish muscle. To date, six MTX congeners have been described but two congeners (MTX2 and MTX4) have not yet been structurally elucidated. The aim of the present study was to further characterize MTX4. Methods Chemical analysis was performed using Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Diode Array Detector (DAD) and positive ionization mode High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC/HRMS) on partially purified extracts of G. excentricus (strain VGO792). HRMS/MS studies were also carried out to tentatively explain the fragmentation pathways of MTX and MTX4. Results The comparison of UV and HRMS (ESI+) spectra between MTX and MTX4 led us to propose the elemental formula of MTX4 (C157H241NO68S2, as unsalted molecule). The comparison of the theoretical and measured m/z values of the doubly charged ions of the isotopic profile in ESI+ were coherent with the proposed elemental formula of MTX4. The study of HRMS/MS spectra on the tri‐ammoniated adduct ([M–H+3NH4]2+) of both molecules gave additional information about structural features. The cleavage observed, probably located at C99–C100 in both MTX and MTX4, highlighted the same A‐side product ion shared by the two molecules. Conclusion All these investigations on the characterization of MTX4 contribute to highlighting that MTX4 belongs to the same structural family of MTXs. However to accomplish a complete structural elucidation of MTX4, NMR‐based study and LC/HRMSn investigation will have to be carried out.
Francesco Pisapia; Manoëlla Sibat; Ryuichi Watanabe; Catherine Roullier; Toshiyuki Suzuki; Philipp Hess; Christine Herrenknecht. Characterization of maitotoxin‐4 (MTX4) using electrospray positive mode ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2020, 34, e8859 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Pisapia, Manoëlla Sibat, Ryuichi Watanabe, Catherine Roullier, Toshiyuki Suzuki, Philipp Hess, Christine Herrenknecht. Characterization of maitotoxin‐4 (MTX4) using electrospray positive mode ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2020; 34 (19):e8859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Pisapia; Manoëlla Sibat; Ryuichi Watanabe; Catherine Roullier; Toshiyuki Suzuki; Philipp Hess; Christine Herrenknecht. 2020. "Characterization of maitotoxin‐4 (MTX4) using electrospray positive mode ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 34, no. 19: e8859.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of toxic species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis are a threat to human health as they are mainly responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in the consumers of contaminated shellfish. Such contamination leads to shellfish farm closures causing major economic and social issues. The direct effects of numerous HAB species have been demonstrated on adult bivalves, whereas the effects on critical early life stages remain relatively unexplored. The present study aimed to determine the in vitro effects of either cultivated strains of D. sacculus and D. acuminata isolated from France or their associated toxins (i.e. okadaic acid (OA) and pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2)) on the quality of the gametes of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. This was performed by assessing the ROS production and viability of the gametes using flow cytometry, and fertilization success using microscopic counts. Oocytes were more affected than spermatozoa and their mortality and ROS production increased in the presence of D. sacculus and PTX2, respectively. A decrease in fertilization success was observed at concentrations as low as 0.5 cell mL−1 of Dinophysis spp. and 5 nM of PTX2, whereas no effect of OA could be observed. The effect on fertilization success was higher when both gamete types were concomitantly exposed compared to separate exposures, suggesting a synergistic effect. Our results also suggest that the effects could be due to cell-to-cell contact. These results highlight a potential effect of Dinophysis spp. and PTX2 on reproduction and recruitment of the Pacific oyster.
Sylvain Gaillard; Nelly Le Goïc; Florent Malo; Myrina Boulais; Caroline Fabioux; Lucas Zaccagnini; Liliane Carpentier; Manoella Sibat; Damien Réveillon; Véronique Séchet; Philipp Hess; Hélène Hégaret. Cultures of Dinophysis sacculus, D. acuminata and pectenotoxin 2 affect gametes and fertilization success of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Environmental Pollution 2020, 265, 114840 .
AMA StyleSylvain Gaillard, Nelly Le Goïc, Florent Malo, Myrina Boulais, Caroline Fabioux, Lucas Zaccagnini, Liliane Carpentier, Manoella Sibat, Damien Réveillon, Véronique Séchet, Philipp Hess, Hélène Hégaret. Cultures of Dinophysis sacculus, D. acuminata and pectenotoxin 2 affect gametes and fertilization success of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 265 ():114840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylvain Gaillard; Nelly Le Goïc; Florent Malo; Myrina Boulais; Caroline Fabioux; Lucas Zaccagnini; Liliane Carpentier; Manoella Sibat; Damien Réveillon; Véronique Séchet; Philipp Hess; Hélène Hégaret. 2020. "Cultures of Dinophysis sacculus, D. acuminata and pectenotoxin 2 affect gametes and fertilization success of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas." Environmental Pollution 265, no. : 114840.
Coolia is a genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates which is widely distributed in tropical and temperate zones. Toxicity has been reported in selected Coolia species, although the identity of causative compounds is still controversial. In this study, we investigated the taxonomical and toxicological aspects of Coolia species from Brazil. Since light- and electron microscopy-based morphology was not enough to distinguish small-celled species, ITS and LSU D1-D3 phylogenetic analyses were used for species definition. Cultures of Coolia palmyrensis and Coolia santacroce were established from samples collected along the northeastern Brazilian coast, the first record of both species in South Atlantic waters. Cultures of Coolia malayensis and Coolia tropicalis were also established and exhibited acute in vivo toxicity to adults of Artemia salina, while C. palmyrensis and C. santacroce were non-toxic. The presence of 30 yessotoxin analogues, 7 metabolites of Coolia and 44 Gambierdiscus metabolites was screened in 14 strains of Coolia. 44-methyl gambierone (formerly referred to as MTX3) and a new isomer of this compound were detected only in C. tropicalis, using both low- and high-resolution LC-MS/MS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gambierone analogues in dinoflagellates other than Gambierdiscus; the role of C. tropicalis in ciguatera poisoning thus deserves to be considered in further investigations.
Carlos Eduardo Junqueira De Azevedo Tibiriçá; Manoella Sibat; Luciano Felício Fernandes; Gwenaël Bilien; Nicolas Chomérat; Philipp Hess; Luiz L. Mafra Jr; Luiz L. Mafra. Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus Coolia Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in Coolia tropicalis. Toxins 2020, 12, 327 .
AMA StyleCarlos Eduardo Junqueira De Azevedo Tibiriçá, Manoella Sibat, Luciano Felício Fernandes, Gwenaël Bilien, Nicolas Chomérat, Philipp Hess, Luiz L. Mafra Jr, Luiz L. Mafra. Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus Coolia Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in Coolia tropicalis. Toxins. 2020; 12 (5):327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Eduardo Junqueira De Azevedo Tibiriçá; Manoella Sibat; Luciano Felício Fernandes; Gwenaël Bilien; Nicolas Chomérat; Philipp Hess; Luiz L. Mafra Jr; Luiz L. Mafra. 2020. "Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus Coolia Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in Coolia tropicalis." Toxins 12, no. 5: 327.
Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne illness caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates from the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The suitability of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology for the monitoring of dissolved CTXs in the marine environment has recently been demonstrated. To refine the use of this passive monitoring tool in ciguateric areas, the effects of deployment time and sampler format on the adsorption of CTXs by HP20 resin were assessed in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia), a well-known ciguatera hotspot. Toxicity data assessed by means of the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) showed that a 24 h deployment of 2.5 g of resin allowed concentrating quantifiable amounts of CTXs on SPATT samplers. The CTX levels varied with increasing deployment time, resin load, and surface area. In addition to CTXs, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were also detected in SPATT extracts using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), consistent with the presence of Gambierdiscus and Prorocentrum species in the environment, as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding analyses conducted on passive window screen (WS) artificial substrate samples. Although these preliminary findings await further confirmation in follow-up studies, they highlight the usefulness of SPATT samplers in the routine surveillance of CP risk on a temporal scale, and the monitoring of other phycotoxin-related risks in ciguatera-prone areas.
Mélanie Roué; Kirsty F. Smith; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Kévin Henry; André Ung; Laura Biessy; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain. Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers. Toxins 2020, 12, 321 .
AMA StyleMélanie Roué, Kirsty F. Smith, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Kévin Henry, André Ung, Laura Biessy, Philipp Hess, Hélène Taiana Darius, Mireille Chinain. Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers. Toxins. 2020; 12 (5):321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMélanie Roué; Kirsty F. Smith; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Kévin Henry; André Ung; Laura Biessy; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain. 2020. "Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers." Toxins 12, no. 5: 321.
Over the last decade, knowledge has significantly increased on the taxonomic identity and distribution of dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Additionally, a number of hitherto unknown bioactive metabolites have been described, while the role of these compounds in ciguatera poisoning (CP) remains to be clarified. Ciguatoxins and maitotoxins are very toxic compounds produced by these dinoflagellates and have been described since the 1980s. Ciguatoxins are generally described as the main contributors to this food intoxication. Recent reports of CP in temperate waters of the Canary Islands (Spain) and the Madeira archipelago (Portugal) triggered the need for isolation and cultivation of dinoflagellates from these areas, and their taxonomic and toxicological characterization. Maitotoxins, and specifically maitotoxin-4, has been described as one of the most toxic compounds produced by these dinoflagellates (e.g., G. excentricus) in the Canary Islands. Thus, characterization of toxin profiles of Gambierdiscus species from adjacent regions appears critical. The combination of liquid chromatography coupled to either low- or high-resolution mass spectrometry allowed for characterization of several strains of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa from the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands. Maitotoxin-3, two analogues tentatively identified as gambieric acid C and D, a putative gambierone analogue and a putative gambieroxide were detected in all G. australes strains from Menorca and Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) while only maitotoxin-3 was present in an F. paulensis strain of the same region. An unidentified Gambierdiscus species (Gambierdiscus sp.2) from Crete (Greece) showed a different toxin profile, detecting both maitotoxin-3 and gambierone, while the availability of a G. excentricus strain from the Canary Islands (Spain) confirmed the presence of maitotoxin-4 in this species. Overall, this study shows that toxin profiles not only appear to be species-specific but probably also specific to larger geographic regions.
Pablo Estevez; Manoëlla Sibat; José Manuel Leão-Martins; Angels Tudó; Maria Rambla-Alegre; Katerina Aligizaki; Jorge Diogène; Ana Gago-Martinez; Philipp Hess. Use of Mass Spectrometry to Determine the Diversity of Toxins Produced by Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa Species from Balearic Islands and Crete (Mediterranean Sea) and the Canary Islands (Northeast Atlantic). Toxins 2020, 12, 305 .
AMA StylePablo Estevez, Manoëlla Sibat, José Manuel Leão-Martins, Angels Tudó, Maria Rambla-Alegre, Katerina Aligizaki, Jorge Diogène, Ana Gago-Martinez, Philipp Hess. Use of Mass Spectrometry to Determine the Diversity of Toxins Produced by Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa Species from Balearic Islands and Crete (Mediterranean Sea) and the Canary Islands (Northeast Atlantic). Toxins. 2020; 12 (5):305.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Estevez; Manoëlla Sibat; José Manuel Leão-Martins; Angels Tudó; Maria Rambla-Alegre; Katerina Aligizaki; Jorge Diogène; Ana Gago-Martinez; Philipp Hess. 2020. "Use of Mass Spectrometry to Determine the Diversity of Toxins Produced by Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa Species from Balearic Islands and Crete (Mediterranean Sea) and the Canary Islands (Northeast Atlantic)." Toxins 12, no. 5: 305.
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a common seafood intoxication mainly caused by the consumption of fish contaminated by ciguatoxins. Recent studies showed that Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX1) is the main toxin causing CP through fish caught in the Northeast Atlantic, e.g., Canary Islands (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal). The use of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with neuroblastoma cell assay (N2a) allowed the initial confirmation of the presence of C-CTX1 in contaminated fish samples from the abovementioned areas, nevertheless the lack of commercially available reference materials for these particular ciguatoxin (CTX) analogues has been a major limitation to progress research. The EuroCigua project allowed the preparation of C-CTX1 laboratory reference material (LRM) from fish species (Seriola fasciata) from the Madeira archipelago (Portugal). This reference material was used to implement a liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the detection of C-CTX1, acquisition of full-scan as well as collision-induced mass spectra of this particular analogue. Fragmentation pathways were proposed based on fragments obtained. The optimized LC-HRMS method was then applied to confirm C-CTX1 in fish (Bodianus scrofa) caught in the Selvagens Islands (Portugal).
Pablo Estevez; Manoella Sibat; José Manuel Leão-Martins; Pedro Reis Costa; Ana Gago-Martínez; Philipp Hess. Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Confirmation of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 as the Main Toxin Responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning Caused by Fish from European Atlantic Coasts. Toxins 2020, 12, 267 .
AMA StylePablo Estevez, Manoella Sibat, José Manuel Leão-Martins, Pedro Reis Costa, Ana Gago-Martínez, Philipp Hess. Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Confirmation of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 as the Main Toxin Responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning Caused by Fish from European Atlantic Coasts. Toxins. 2020; 12 (4):267.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Estevez; Manoella Sibat; José Manuel Leão-Martins; Pedro Reis Costa; Ana Gago-Martínez; Philipp Hess. 2020. "Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Confirmation of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 as the Main Toxin Responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning Caused by Fish from European Atlantic Coasts." Toxins 12, no. 4: 267.