Cardiac complication represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality after total joint arthroplasty, thus necessitating investigation into the associated risks in total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. There remains a lack of clarity for many risk factors in the current literature. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the most recent published literature and identify the risk factors associated with cardiac complication in total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Scopus, PubMed, CINHAL, and Cochrane were searched to identify studies published since 2008 reporting on risk factors associated with cardiac complication in elective primary in total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty in patients ≥18 years old with osteoarthritis. Reported odds ratios, hazard ratios, and relative risk were the principal summary measures collected. The included studies were too heterogeneous to enable meta-analysis. Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review. Increasing age and history of cardiac disease were found by most studies to be positively associated with risk of cardiac complication. There was no strong association found between obesity and cardiac complication. The evidence for other risk factors was less clear in the examined literature, although there is suggestive evidence for male gender and cerebrovascular disease increasing risk. Increasing age and history of cardiac disease increases the risk of cardiac complication after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Other risk factors commonly attributed to increased risk in non-cardiac surgery including hypertension and obesity require further evaluation in arthroplasty. A detailed protocol was published in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42018095887 ) for this systematic review.

Issue addressed: The Men's Shed movement supports a range of men's health promotion initiatives. This paper examines whether a Men's Shed typology could inform future research and enable more efficient and targeted health promotion activities through Men's Sheds.Methods: The International Men's Shed Survey consisted of a cross‐sectional exploration of sheds, their members, and health and social activities. Survey data about shed ‘function’ and ‘philosophy’ were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: A framework of Men's Sheds based on function and philosophy demonstrated that most sheds serve a primary utility function, a secondary social function, but most importantly a primary social opportunity philosophy. Sheds with a primary health philosophy participated in fewer health promotion activities when compared with sheds without a primary health philosophy.Conclusions: In addition to the uniform health promotion resources distributed by the Men's Shed associations, specific health promotion activities, such as prostate education, are being initiated from an individual shed level. This framework can potentially be used to enable future research and health promotion activities to be more efficiently and effectively targeted.

This study examined the acute effect of strength and endurance training sequence on running economy (RE) at 70% and 90% ventilatory threshold (VT) and on running time to exhaustion (TTE) at 110% VT the following day. Fourteen trained and moderately trained male runners performed strength training prior to running sessions (SR) and running prior to strength training sessions (RS) with each mode of training session separated by 6 h. RE tests were conducted at baseline (Base-RE) and the day following each sequence to examine cost of running (C_R), TTE, and lower extremity kinematics. Maximal isometric knee extensor torque was measured prior to and following each training session and the RE tests. Results showed that C_R at 70% and 90% VT for SR-RE (0.76 ± 0.10 and 0.77 ± 0.07 mL·kg^–0.75·m^–1) was significantly greater than Base-RE (0.72 ± 0.10 and 0.70 ± 0.11 mL·kg^–0.75·m^–1) and RS-RE (0.73 ± 0.09 and 0.72 ± 0.09 mL·kg^–0.75·m^–1) (P < 0.05). TTE was significantly less for SR-RE (237.8 ± 67.4 s) and RS-RE (275.3 ± 68.0 s) compared with Base-RE (335.4 ± 92.1 s) (P < 0.01). The torque during the SR sequence was significantly reduced for every time point following the strength training session (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in torque following the running session (P > 0.05), although it was significantly reduced following the strength training session (P < 0.05) during the RS sequence. These findings show that running performance is impaired to a greater degree the day following the SR sequence compared with the RS sequence.