Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping esthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery by improving measurement accuracy, treatment planning, and prediction of surgical outcomes. This article provides a scientific overview of current AI applications, including automated image analysis, machine-learning-based outcome forecasting, and generative models for preoperative simulation. AI-driven three-dimensional morphometrics allow precise, reproducible quantification of facial and body structures, supporting more objective assessments of symmetry, proportion, and contour. Predictive algorithms trained on large clinical datasets can estimate postoperative results and complication risks with higher consistency than traditional subjective evaluation. Intraoperative AI tools, such as real-time image guidance and robotic assistance, show potential to increase procedural precision and reduce variability. Despite these advances, important limitations persist. Algorithmic bias, restricted data diversity, opaque model architectures, and unresolved ethical concerns regarding data privacy and esthetic standardization challenge widespread clinical adoption. Overall, AI offers a powerful framework for enhancing precision and reproducibility in esthetic surgery, but its safe and responsible integration will require rigorous validation, transparent methodology, and continued human oversight.

Background and aim. The artists of the avant-garde experienced numerous psychotropic drugs in order to stimulate their creativity. Between the two world wars, physicians, especially neurologists and psychiatrists, performed several studies on visual artists. The aim of this paper is to present a French medical journal, where the famous Romanian neurologist Gheorghe Marinescu published some of his studies on the effect of mescaline on two professional painters. Methods. An anniversary issue of the French journal La Presse Médicale, including the work of Gheorghe Marinescu on mescaline and its influence on color vision is described. The publication belongs to the authors’ private collection. The pharmacological effects of mescaline on visual sensitivity and some historical medical attempts to assess this effect are also included. Results. Mescaline was administered by Gheorghe Marinescu to two visual artists who were asked to describe their sensations and cognitions under the effect of this substance. Their sensations and feelings were recorded. The paintings created by the artists are reproduced. They look like surrealistic and abstract art. Conclusions. The famous Romanian neurologist Gheorghe Marinescu published in the French journal La Presse Médicale an interesting report of the visual effects of mescaline in two professional painters. This paper is important for the history of medicine and of the avant-gardist fine arts.