This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
We study if dynamic capabilities alleviate enterprises' revenue losses after an external shock. Contextually, we study Norwegian enterprises before and after the price decline of crude oil in 2014, which strongly affected economic activities across industries in some regions, while others were practically unaffected. Empirically, we combine data of regional oil dependency and enterprise- and person-level data before the decline and enterprise-level revenues before and after the decline. Analyses of 4,060 enterprises in 51 labor market regions show that unrelated education diversity alleviates revenue losses for enterprises in strongly affected regions, while related education diversity has an opposite negative effect. R&D investments and innovation alter revenue growth, but as the effects are consistent across more or less affected regions, the concepts are static enterprise resources and not dynamic capabilities.
Jarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein; Marte C. W. Solheim. External shocks and enterprises' dynamic capabilities in a time of regional distress. Growth and Change 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein, Marte C. W. Solheim. External shocks and enterprises' dynamic capabilities in a time of regional distress. Growth and Change. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein; Marte C. W. Solheim. 2021. "External shocks and enterprises' dynamic capabilities in a time of regional distress." Growth and Change , no. : 1.
Panel data show that between 2001 and 2014 Norwegian industries’ increasing aggregated operating profits per employee increased average wages and wage inequality. The data imply that increasing profits, perhaps unsurprisingly, induce a wage premium. The data further imply that employees earning high incomes at the outset had the highest wage increase percentage-wise. Decreasing operating profits per employee had opposite but less robust effects on average wages and wage inequality. Panel data Granger causality tests finally showed that average wages, but not wage inequality, reversely and positively affect operating profits per employee.
Jarle Aarstad; Olav Kvitastein. Do Operating Profits Induce a Wage Premium Equally Shared among Employees Earning High or Low Incomes? Economies 2021, 9, 81 .
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Olav Kvitastein. Do Operating Profits Induce a Wage Premium Equally Shared among Employees Earning High or Low Incomes? Economies. 2021; 9 (2):81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Olav Kvitastein. 2021. "Do Operating Profits Induce a Wage Premium Equally Shared among Employees Earning High or Low Incomes?" Economies 9, no. 2: 81.
Previous research has shown that competition can affect innovation, but we do not know if an unexpected external economic shock, as it decreases demand that increases competition, also affects innovation. Responding to this knowledge gap, we study Norwegian enterprises before and after the sudden and unexpected price decline of crude oil by the midyear of 2014. In some regions, due to their dependency on the petroleum sector, it strongly affected enterprises operating across many industries, while other regions were practically unaffected. Among enterprises that were innovative before the decline, we find a borderline significant inverted U-relationship between regional oil dependency before the decline and enterprises’ product innovation performance after the decline. Among enterprises that were not innovative before the decline, we find a robust significant positive linear relationship. The results can be a function of increased competition but particularly concerning the latter finding also better access to resources released in affected regions.
Jarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. An unexpected external shock and enterprises’ innovation performance. Applied Economics Letters 2020, 1 -4.
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein. An unexpected external shock and enterprises’ innovation performance. Applied Economics Letters. 2020; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. 2020. "An unexpected external shock and enterprises’ innovation performance." Applied Economics Letters , no. : 1-4.
This study examines whether tourism organizations influence each other to cobrand with the destination brand as a function of the interorganizational network structure. Empirically, it combines questionnaire and interorganizational network data from a Norwegian region of winter sports destinations. By taking a dyadic level of analysis and examining 990 dyadic observations of tourism organizations, the study shows that central organizations' cobranding increases other less-central organizations' cobranding through direct or indirect collaboration. The findings further indicate that cobranding spreads (like ripples) from central to less-central organizations. Because of central organizations' strong cobranding and network proximity to other organizations, the study illuminates their importance as carriers of cobranding to other less-central organizations.
Jarle Aarstad; Håvard Ness; Sven A. Haugland. Destination cobranding in interorganizational networks: Assessing the role of central tourism organizations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2020, 17, 100466 .
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Håvard Ness, Sven A. Haugland. Destination cobranding in interorganizational networks: Assessing the role of central tourism organizations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2020; 17 ():100466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Håvard Ness; Sven A. Haugland. 2020. "Destination cobranding in interorganizational networks: Assessing the role of central tourism organizations." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 17, no. : 100466.
Jarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. Has the popularity of battery electric vehicles in Norway affected total new car sales? A synthetic control method study. Applied Economics Letters 2020, 27, 1707 -1710.
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein. Has the popularity of battery electric vehicles in Norway affected total new car sales? A synthetic control method study. Applied Economics Letters. 2020; 27 (21):1707-1710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. 2020. "Has the popularity of battery electric vehicles in Norway affected total new car sales? A synthetic control method study." Applied Economics Letters 27, no. 21: 1707-1710.
Today, there is strong pressure for firms, in Norway and abroad, to adopt green or sustainable strategies. Furthermore, many Norwegian firms, directly or indirectly dependent on the dominating but declining petroleum sector, face a further challenge as they have to enter new industries in search of market opportunities. We address these dual challenges and study how green and new industry strategies are a function of firm- and regional-level characteristics. Multilevel analyses of Norwegian survey data show that both green and new industry strategies are pursued by knowledge-intensive firms that are innovative and having interfirm innovation collaboration. Green strategies are pursued by large firms and firms localized in sparsely populated regions, but they are avoided by independent firms and firms having carried out layoffs. New industry strategies are pursued by small firms, firms with growth in employees, and firms having carried out mergers or acquisitions and cost reductions.
Jarle Aarstad; Stig-Erik Jakobsen. Norwegian Firms’ Green and New Industry Strategies: A Dual Challenge. Sustainability 2020, 12, 361 .
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Stig-Erik Jakobsen. Norwegian Firms’ Green and New Industry Strategies: A Dual Challenge. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Stig-Erik Jakobsen. 2020. "Norwegian Firms’ Green and New Industry Strategies: A Dual Challenge." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 361.
In a co-producing tourism destination context, interdependent firms providing the destination product need to coordinate their relationships to achieve resource integration. We focus on two key dimensions of resource integration: (1) interfirm resource complementarity and (2) adaptation of activity structures. Survey data from tourism firms at Norwegian mountain destinations show that both resource complementarity and adaptation of activity structures are a function of trust, authority-based governance, and interfirm learning. Trust and learning have overall stronger effects on resource integration than authority-based governance, in particular on the development of resource complementarity. Authority-based governance has a significant effect on the adaptation of activity structures and a borderline significant effect on resource complementarity.
Håvard Ness; Sven A. Haugland; Jarle Aarstad. Interfirm resource integration in destination contexts. Current Issues in Tourism 2019, 24, 66 -81.
AMA StyleHåvard Ness, Sven A. Haugland, Jarle Aarstad. Interfirm resource integration in destination contexts. Current Issues in Tourism. 2019; 24 (1):66-81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHåvard Ness; Sven A. Haugland; Jarle Aarstad. 2019. "Interfirm resource integration in destination contexts." Current Issues in Tourism 24, no. 1: 66-81.
The purpose of the article is to assess whether an entrepreneurial causation or effectuation logic is a function of geographical location in densely populated economic regions versus sparsely populated economic regions. A causation logic implies that the entrepreneur primarily focuses on a predefined goal and further aims to identify the means to reach that goal. By contrast, an effectuation logic implies that the entrepreneur to a larger extent focuses on the means at hand, which she or he aims at materialising into one or more goals that are not necessarily predefined. The empirical data for the study are based on an investigation and evaluation of Norwegian entrepreneurs in business incubation that are located in many different economic regions of the country. Multilevel regression analyses showed that geographical location in sparsely populated economic regions is associated with a causation logic, whereas a location in densely populated economic regions is associated with an effectuation logic. An implication of the article is that entrepreneurial stakeholders, such as policymakers, incubator managers, public and private partners, and entrepreneurs themselves should be aware of differences in causation and effectuation logics between entrepreneurs located in densely versus sparsely populated economic regions.
Jarle Aarstad; Stig-Erik Jakobsen. Entrepreneurial causation and effectuation logics in a regional context: Assessing the importance of population density. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 2019, 73, 290 -300.
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Stig-Erik Jakobsen. Entrepreneurial causation and effectuation logics in a regional context: Assessing the importance of population density. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography. 2019; 73 (5):290-300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Stig-Erik Jakobsen. 2019. "Entrepreneurial causation and effectuation logics in a regional context: Assessing the importance of population density." Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 73, no. 5: 290-300.
We assess how both small and large enterprises are crucial for industry development and value creation in a national context strongly dependent on natural resources. Drawing upon recent research, we illuminate how large enterprises, perhaps not surprisingly, have an advantage concerning economies of scales. They also emphasize green R&D investments along with sustainable strategies, and which are less emphasized by small enterprises. Large enterprises are more innovative than small enterprises, but taking into account R&D investments and inter-firm collaboration, small enterprises are genuinely more innovative than large enterprises. Lastly, we emphasize how small enterprises to a stronger degree than large enterprises develop spinoffs in new industries. Indeed, the smaller the enterprise, the more easily it can develop spinoffs in new industries that are cognitively very different from its current industry. Altogether, we conclude that small and large enterprises have complementary features that are crucial for industry development and value creation.
Jarle Aarstad; Sindre Hauge; Jakob Manne. Assessing how small and large enterprises are complementary for industry development and value creation. Small Enterprise Research 2019, 26, 320 -325.
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Sindre Hauge, Jakob Manne. Assessing how small and large enterprises are complementary for industry development and value creation. Small Enterprise Research. 2019; 26 (3):320-325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Sindre Hauge; Jakob Manne. 2019. "Assessing how small and large enterprises are complementary for industry development and value creation." Small Enterprise Research 26, no. 3: 320-325.
Jarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. Entrepreneurial path dependency in labour market regions: a longitudinal panel study of related and unrelated variety. Small Enterprise Research 2019, 26, 253 -267.
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein. Entrepreneurial path dependency in labour market regions: a longitudinal panel study of related and unrelated variety. Small Enterprise Research. 2019; 26 (3):253-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. 2019. "Entrepreneurial path dependency in labour market regions: a longitudinal panel study of related and unrelated variety." Small Enterprise Research 26, no. 3: 253-267.
This paper studies if the context of the regional industry structure moderates the link between enterprise research and development (R&D) investments and product innovation performance. Cross-level analyses from Norway show that the regional industry structure moderates the link, as the innovation performance from enterprise R&D investments is stronger in regions with a specialized structure than in regions with a diversified structure. The paper accordingly demonstrates that the regional industry structure influences the conversion of enterprise R&D resources into innovative products or services. In particular, it shows that a specialized (diversified) regional industry structure is favourable (unfavourable) for enterprise R&D investments concerning product innovation performance.
Jarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. Enterprise R&D investments, product innovation and the regional industry structure. Regional Studies 2019, 54, 366 -376.
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein. Enterprise R&D investments, product innovation and the regional industry structure. Regional Studies. 2019; 54 (3):366-376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein. 2019. "Enterprise R&D investments, product innovation and the regional industry structure." Regional Studies 54, no. 3: 366-376.
Despite that previous studies have examined factors that affect location decisions of enterprise R&D investments, they have not investigated if regional industry structures play a role. Responding to this research gap, we analyse data from Norway and find that location in regions with unrelated, diversified, and fragmented industry structures increases both the probability and amount of enterprise R&D investments. Location in regions with related and complementary industry structures, on the contrary, has no effect. We further find that location in populous regions spanning a large geographical area increases the probability of enterprise R&D investments.
Jarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein; Stig-Erik Jakobsen. Location decisions of enterprise R&D investments as a function of related and unrelated regional industry structures: A multilevel study. Papers in Regional Science 2018, 98, 779 -797.
AMA StyleJarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein, Stig-Erik Jakobsen. Location decisions of enterprise R&D investments as a function of related and unrelated regional industry structures: A multilevel study. Papers in Regional Science. 2018; 98 (2):779-797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarle Aarstad; Olav Andreas Kvitastein; Stig-Erik Jakobsen. 2018. "Location decisions of enterprise R&D investments as a function of related and unrelated regional industry structures: A multilevel study." Papers in Regional Science 98, no. 2: 779-797.