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The traveling public judges the quality of a road mostly by its roughness and/or ride quality. Hence, mapping, monitoring, and maintaining adequate pavement smoothness is of high importance to State Departments of Transportation in the US. Current methods rely mostly on in situ measurements and are, therefore, time consuming and costly when applied at the network scale. This paper studies the applicability of satellite radar remote sensing data, specifically, high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired at X-band, to the network-wide mapping of pavement roughness of roads in the US. Based on a comparison of high-resolution X-band Cosmo-SkyMed images with road roughness data in the form of International Roughness Index (IRI) measurements, we found that X-band radar brightness generally increases when pavement roughness worsens. Based on these findings, we developed and inverted a model to distinguish well maintained road segments from segments in need of repair. Over test sites in Augusta County, VA, we found that our classification scheme reaches an overall accuracy of 92.6%. This study illustrates the capacity of X-band SAR for pavement roughness mapping and suggests that incorporating SAR into DOT operations could be beneficial.
Franz J. Meyer; Olaniyi A. Ajadi; Edward J. Hoppe. Studying the Applicability of X-Band SAR Data to the Network-Scale Mapping of Pavement Roughness on US Roads. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1507 .
AMA StyleFranz J. Meyer, Olaniyi A. Ajadi, Edward J. Hoppe. Studying the Applicability of X-Band SAR Data to the Network-Scale Mapping of Pavement Roughness on US Roads. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (9):1507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranz J. Meyer; Olaniyi A. Ajadi; Edward J. Hoppe. 2020. "Studying the Applicability of X-Band SAR Data to the Network-Scale Mapping of Pavement Roughness on US Roads." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9: 1507.
In this study, a highway slope monitoring project for a section of US highway I-77 in Virginia was carried out with the InSAR technique. This paper attempts to provide insights into the complete and practical solution for the monitoring project, including two parts: what to consider for selecting the optimal satellites and configurations for the given area of interest (AoI) and budget; and how to best process the selected data for the monitoring purposes. To answer the first question, the simulated geometric distortion map, cumulative change detection map, intensity map, interferograms and coherence maps from all available historical datasets were generated. The satellite configuration that gives the best coherence and least geometric distortion with the given budget was selected for the monitoring project. For this project, it was the X-band COSMO stripmap with 3 m resolution and eight-days revisit time. To answer the second question, a multi-temporal InSAR (MTInSAR) was applied to retrieve the settlement time series of the slopes along the highway. Several special techniques were applied to increase the level of confidence, i.e., dividing AoI into smaller and independent areas, using a non-linear approach, etc. Finally, fieldwork was carried out for the interpretation and validation of the results. The AoI was overall stable, though some local changes were detected by the SAR signal which were validated by the fieldwork.
Yuxiao Qin; Edward Hoppe; Daniele Perissin. Slope Hazard Monitoring Using High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing: Lessons Learned from a Case Study. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 131 .
AMA StyleYuxiao Qin, Edward Hoppe, Daniele Perissin. Slope Hazard Monitoring Using High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing: Lessons Learned from a Case Study. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (2):131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuxiao Qin; Edward Hoppe; Daniele Perissin. 2020. "Slope Hazard Monitoring Using High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing: Lessons Learned from a Case Study." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2: 131.
This study presents the results of spaceborne monitoring of two posttensioned bridges in Virginia. Routine safety inspections revealed extensive cracking in the concrete girders. Problems were traced to the inadequate quality of tendon grouting, resulting in the partially bonded condition. The TerraSAR-X radar satellite, operated by the German Aerospace Center, was used to acquire radar imagery in the Staring SpotLight mode from the ascending and descending orbits at 11-day intervals. The data were processed with the SqueeSAR algorithm, resulting in millimeter-range precision of the time-displacement series. No permanent deformations were detected at the posttensioned segments during the monitoring period of 1.3 years. The high density of the measurement points allowed adequate characterization of bridge displacements. The results of the interferometric analysis attest to the feasibility of implementing satellite-based performance monitoring of bridges, offering an innovative asset management tool that can complement and augment current inspection methods.
Edward J. Hoppe; Fabrizio Novali; Alessio Rucci; Alfio Fumagalli; Sara Del Conte; Giacomo Falorni; Nora Toro. Deformation Monitoring of Posttensioned Bridges Using High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing. Journal of Bridge Engineering 2019, 24, 04019115 .
AMA StyleEdward J. Hoppe, Fabrizio Novali, Alessio Rucci, Alfio Fumagalli, Sara Del Conte, Giacomo Falorni, Nora Toro. Deformation Monitoring of Posttensioned Bridges Using High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing. Journal of Bridge Engineering. 2019; 24 (12):04019115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward J. Hoppe; Fabrizio Novali; Alessio Rucci; Alfio Fumagalli; Sara Del Conte; Giacomo Falorni; Nora Toro. 2019. "Deformation Monitoring of Posttensioned Bridges Using High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing." Journal of Bridge Engineering 24, no. 12: 04019115.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the properties of the exhumed geotextile from a low-volume road on the Virginia Department of Transportation network. The exhumed geotextiles have been in service for 23 years, which provided an opportunity to evaluate the longevity of the materials as well as to make assessments of how it relates to the changes in material properties. During this investigation, subgrade and base course materials were also obtained from the same site and an experimental program was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the exhumed geotextiles for separation, stabilization, and filtration for the base course thicknesses of 4, 6, and 8 in. The results from this study combined with the results from the previous studies conducted at the same site showed that when the geotextile is placed between the subgrade and base course, the thinner the pavement section, the more evident the effectiveness of the geotextile improvements. One important finding of this research was that the placement of a geotextile reduced the particle breakage caused by abrasion under the applied transient loads. This was observed as a stabilization effect of the geotextile inclusion. As a general conclusion, for low-volume roads with relatively thin pavement sections, properly selected geotextiles provide benefits for separating the subgrade and base course (minimizing pumping), filtering infiltrated or ground water, and stabilizing the road profile. These benefits become more apparent when the thickness of the base course is less than 8 in.
Saad Ullah; Burak F. Tanyu; Erol Guler; Edward Hoppe; Emre Akmaz. Evaluation of the Long-Term Performance of Woven Geotextile Used between Base Course and Subgrade of a Paved Road. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2019, 2673, 310 -321.
AMA StyleSaad Ullah, Burak F. Tanyu, Erol Guler, Edward Hoppe, Emre Akmaz. Evaluation of the Long-Term Performance of Woven Geotextile Used between Base Course and Subgrade of a Paved Road. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2019; 2673 (8):310-321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaad Ullah; Burak F. Tanyu; Erol Guler; Edward Hoppe; Emre Akmaz. 2019. "Evaluation of the Long-Term Performance of Woven Geotextile Used between Base Course and Subgrade of a Paved Road." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8: 310-321.
Geosynthetics are used in the pavement base/subgrade interface for possible benefits of filtration, drainage, separation to prevent base contamination, and subgrade reinforcement. The Virginia Department of Transportation has constructed two experimental sections using geosynthetics in Bedford and Albemarle counties that have been in service for 23 and 10 years, respectively. Recently, the Virginia Transportation Research Council conducted a follow-up investigation of the long-term performance of these sections. These sections were assessed using falling weight deflectometry and pavement condition ratings (i.e., a distress survey). In the Bedford project, sections with either geotextile or geogrid have a better structural condition than a section without geosynthetics. In addition, no evidence of contamination of base aggregate with subgrade clay was observed except for one segment with no geosynthetics and 4 inches (100 mm) of base. After 10 years, very little distresses was observed in the Albemarle project on both the control and geotextile sections.
M. Shabbir Hossain; Edward J. Hoppe; Chaz B. Weaver. Long-Term Field Performance of Geosynthetics in Pavement Subgrades in Virginia. Geo-Congress 2019 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleM. Shabbir Hossain, Edward J. Hoppe, Chaz B. Weaver. Long-Term Field Performance of Geosynthetics in Pavement Subgrades in Virginia. Geo-Congress 2019. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Shabbir Hossain; Edward J. Hoppe; Chaz B. Weaver. 2019. "Long-Term Field Performance of Geosynthetics in Pavement Subgrades in Virginia." Geo-Congress 2019 , no. : 1.
The objective of the research summarized in this manuscript is two-fold: to develop and make available a set of novel analysis tools, fully integrated in ArcGIS, that leverages the rich information provided by satellite-based remote sensing data to detect and characterize geohazards of interest to the transportation community; and to provide a modern web-based decision support system (DSS) in which these novel analysis products can be seamlessly integrated with existing datasets. Specifically, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and its derivatives are employed in this work. Each tool is designed to target a specific asset of interest to the transportation community: sinkhole detection, bridge differential settlement detection, slope stability assessment, and pavement distress evaluation. Furthermore, to allow interested parties to test the introduction of remote sensing data into their decision-making process without requiring the full integration with existing workflows, a modern web-based DSS is introduced. Thanks to the large coverage and the high update frequencies offered by satellite-based remote sensing data, datasets augmented with these new products can offer a near real-time overview of the network status and lead to better support in decisions about resources allocation, existing infrastructure monitoring, new infrastructure planning, and post-construction assessment.
Andrea Vaccari; Tamal Batabyal; Nazia Tabassum; Edward Hoppe; Brian S. Bruckno; Scott T. Acton. Integrating Remote Sensing Data in Decision Support Systems for Transportation Asset Management. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2018, 2672, 23 -35.
AMA StyleAndrea Vaccari, Tamal Batabyal, Nazia Tabassum, Edward Hoppe, Brian S. Bruckno, Scott T. Acton. Integrating Remote Sensing Data in Decision Support Systems for Transportation Asset Management. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2018; 2672 (45):23-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Vaccari; Tamal Batabyal; Nazia Tabassum; Edward Hoppe; Brian S. Bruckno; Scott T. Acton. 2018. "Integrating Remote Sensing Data in Decision Support Systems for Transportation Asset Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 45: 23-35.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of changes in grain size distribution to the permanent deformation of two different fine processed reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) blended with base course virgin aggregate (VA). Grain size distribution of the RAP-VA blends were created following two different approaches. The first approach was based on mixing RAP and VA to have one grain size distribution, regardless of how much RAP was added to VA (here referred to as the engineered mixture design). The second approach was based on mixing RAP and VA with as-is gradation from the plants to proportions determined by weight and not controlling the outcome of the specific grain size of the mixture. This approach resulted in various grain size distributions (here referred as the as-is mixture design). The engineered mixture design was useful to quantify the effect of adding RAP to the blends, but was not a realistic approach to create blends that may be achieved in the field. The as-is mixture design could not only be achieved in the field, as demonstrated in this study, but also resulted in better performance in terms of permanent deformation. This manuscript describes the comparison of these two approaches and a methodology to optimize the gradation and develop thresholds for RAP-VA blends that may result in similar or better performance than the 100% as-is VA that is used to construct base course in pavement systems.
Saad Ullah; Burak F. Tanyu; Edward Hoppe. Optimizing the Gradation of Fine Processed Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Aggregate Blends for Unbound Base Courses. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2018, 2672, 57 -66.
AMA StyleSaad Ullah, Burak F. Tanyu, Edward Hoppe. Optimizing the Gradation of Fine Processed Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Aggregate Blends for Unbound Base Courses. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2018; 2672 (52):57-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaad Ullah; Burak F. Tanyu; Edward Hoppe. 2018. "Optimizing the Gradation of Fine Processed Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Aggregate Blends for Unbound Base Courses." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 52: 57-66.
This paper studies the applicability of radar remote sensing data, specifically, high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired at X-band frequencies, to the network-wide mapping of pavement roughness of roads in the United States. Based on a comparison of high-resolution X-band images from the Cosmo-SkyMed satellites with road roughness data in the form of International Roughness Index (IRI) measurements, we found that X-band radar brightness generally increases when pavement roughness worsens. We developed a signal model that relates radar brightness to IRI, and successfully inverted this model to distinguish well maintained road segments from segments in need of repair. Over test sites in Augusta County, VA, we found that our classification scheme reached an overall accuracy of 92%. This study demonstrates the capacity of X-band SAR for pavement roughness mapping and suggests that an incorporation of X-band SAR data into DOT operations could provide benefits that may result in costs savings.
Franz J Meyer; Olaniyi Ajadi; Edward Hoppe. Network-scale pavement roughness mapping using spaceborne high-resolution X-band SAR data. 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 2017, 1558 -1561.
AMA StyleFranz J Meyer, Olaniyi Ajadi, Edward Hoppe. Network-scale pavement roughness mapping using spaceborne high-resolution X-band SAR data. 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2017; ():1558-1561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranz J Meyer; Olaniyi Ajadi; Edward Hoppe. 2017. "Network-scale pavement roughness mapping using spaceborne high-resolution X-band SAR data." 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) , no. : 1558-1561.
Edward Hoppe; Brian Bruckno; Elizabeth Campbell; Scott Acton; Andrea Vaccari; Michael Stuecheli; Adrian Bohane; Giacomo Falorni; Jessica Morgan. Transportation Infrastructure Monitoring Using Satellite Remote Sensing. Materials and Infrastructures 1 2016, 185 -198.
AMA StyleEdward Hoppe, Brian Bruckno, Elizabeth Campbell, Scott Acton, Andrea Vaccari, Michael Stuecheli, Adrian Bohane, Giacomo Falorni, Jessica Morgan. Transportation Infrastructure Monitoring Using Satellite Remote Sensing. Materials and Infrastructures 1. 2016; ():185-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward Hoppe; Brian Bruckno; Elizabeth Campbell; Scott Acton; Andrea Vaccari; Michael Stuecheli; Adrian Bohane; Giacomo Falorni; Jessica Morgan. 2016. "Transportation Infrastructure Monitoring Using Satellite Remote Sensing." Materials and Infrastructures 1 , no. : 185-198.
In an effort to reduce bridge lifecycle costs, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has developed new design method aimed at the elimination of expansion joints. Various structural details have been experimented with, including full integral abutment with a moment relief hinge, semi-integral abutment, and deck extension. In addition, a new type of abutment was developed for long-span applications. The problem of excessive roadway approach settlement was addressed with the use of elastic inclusion on bridge backwall, select crushed stone backfill, and buried approach slabs. Currently, VDOT considers jointless design as the primary choice for new bridges.
Edward Hoppe; Keith Weakley; Park Thompson. Jointless Bridge Design at the Virginia Department of Transportation. Transportation Research Procedia 2016, 14, 3943 -3952.
AMA StyleEdward Hoppe, Keith Weakley, Park Thompson. Jointless Bridge Design at the Virginia Department of Transportation. Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 14 ():3943-3952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward Hoppe; Keith Weakley; Park Thompson. 2016. "Jointless Bridge Design at the Virginia Department of Transportation." Transportation Research Procedia 14, no. : 3943-3952.
As part of a USDOT-funded study focused on the implementation of satellite-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology, the researchers integrated InSAR-derived point cloud data into the transportation design process within karst terrain. The group’s workflow included initial validation of InSAR data by acquiring over 1.67 million InSAR data points (various “scatterers”) which were then brought into a GIS dataframe and georeferenced to locations of mapped sinkholes. The technique was then applied to the evaluation of karst hazard of within a 40x40 km data frame located in the Valley and Ridge Province of Virginia. The group identified systematic kinematic differences in scatterer behavior with respect to their proximity to mapped karst geohazards, and used this method to screen for and identify unknown karst features, revealing numerous previously unidentified sinkholes. After validating the data with quantitative field correlations, the group then integrated the InSAR data into a traditional, CADD-developed design ported into a GIS dataframe. This integrated data was then applied to a traditionally-developed roadway project and used to optimize the location of stormwater management assets. In so doing, the group was able to develop open-source data delivery method that allows greater flexibility, efficiency, and optimization of the infrastructure design and planning process, which can be developed collaboratively over geospatial platforms. This data integration offers lifecycle cost benefits, improvements to the safety of the traveling public, and protection of the environment, particularly in groundwater-sensitive karst terranes. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings and conclusions reflected in this presentation are the responsibility of the authors only and do not represent the official policy or position of the US Department of Transportation/Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, or any state or other entity.
Brian Bruckno; Virginia Department of Transportation; Edward Hoppe; Andrea Vaccari; Scott Acton; Elizabeth Campbell; Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research; University of Virginia. Integration and Delivery of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar [InSAR] Data Into Stormwater Planning Within Karst Terranes. Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference 2015, 371 -380.
AMA StyleBrian Bruckno, Virginia Department of Transportation, Edward Hoppe, Andrea Vaccari, Scott Acton, Elizabeth Campbell, Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, University of Virginia. Integration and Delivery of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar [InSAR] Data Into Stormwater Planning Within Karst Terranes. Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference. 2015; ():371-380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Bruckno; Virginia Department of Transportation; Edward Hoppe; Andrea Vaccari; Scott Acton; Elizabeth Campbell; Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research; University of Virginia. 2015. "Integration and Delivery of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar [InSAR] Data Into Stormwater Planning Within Karst Terranes." Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference , no. : 371-380.
Historical displacements of tunnel boat sections at the approaches to the Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel (MMMBT) in Virginia were investigated as a potential reason for ongoing seawater infiltration. Archived data collected from December 2001 to March 2010 by the Radarsat-1 Earth-orbiting radar satellite were analyzed. Millimetric precision was achieved in displacement measurements over an area of approximately 100 km2, including the MMMBT and adjacent regions of Suffolk and Newport News, Virginia. Data consisting of 42 radar acquisitions were processed by using the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) differential technique. Additional statistical analyses were conducted on selected points of interest. Results of the historical analysis of satellite radar remote sensing data indicated no significant displacements of the tunnel boat sections during the study period. The annual displacement rate precision of the tunnel boat sections was estimated to be ±1 mm/year at the 95th percentile confidence level. Thus, settlement of the constructed islands was unlikely to have been a reason for the ongoing water infiltration.
Edward J. Hoppe; Young-Jun Kweon; Brian S. Bruckno; Scott T. Acton; Lauren Bolton; Andrew Becker; Andrea Vaccari. Historical Analysis of Tunnel Approach Displacements with Satellite Remote Sensing. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2015, 2510, 15 -23.
AMA StyleEdward J. Hoppe, Young-Jun Kweon, Brian S. Bruckno, Scott T. Acton, Lauren Bolton, Andrew Becker, Andrea Vaccari. Historical Analysis of Tunnel Approach Displacements with Satellite Remote Sensing. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2015; 2510 (1):15-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward J. Hoppe; Young-Jun Kweon; Brian S. Bruckno; Scott T. Acton; Lauren Bolton; Andrew Becker; Andrea Vaccari. 2015. "Historical Analysis of Tunnel Approach Displacements with Satellite Remote Sensing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2510, no. 1: 15-23.
We applied this framework to a 40 km × 40 km area of interest located in western Virginia and performed ground validation on a subset of the identified regions. The results show good agreement between the locations detected by our algorithm and the evidence of subsidence observed during the ground validation campaign.
Andrea Vaccari; Michael Stuecheli; Brian Bruckno; Edward Hoppe; Scott T. Acton. Detection of geophysical features in InSAR point cloud data sets using spatiotemporal models. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2013, 34, 8215 -8234.
AMA StyleAndrea Vaccari, Michael Stuecheli, Brian Bruckno, Edward Hoppe, Scott T. Acton. Detection of geophysical features in InSAR point cloud data sets using spatiotemporal models. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2013; 34 (22):8215-8234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Vaccari; Michael Stuecheli; Brian Bruckno; Edward Hoppe; Scott T. Acton. 2013. "Detection of geophysical features in InSAR point cloud data sets using spatiotemporal models." International Journal of Remote Sensing 34, no. 22: 8215-8234.
Cement-treated aggregate (CTA) is commonly used to provide a stable base for pavements that are placed over weak soil subgrades. Because CTA reduces the thickness of the aggregate required to provide a durable base by approximately one-half, using it as a bearing layer for pavement can limit the quantity of unsuitable soil that must be excavated and removed, and can reduce the erodability of the stabilized soils. However, the field performance of CTA is variable, even when prepared according to set standards. This laboratory-based investigation explored the effects of fines content, cement content, mineralogy, pH, and freeze/thaw cycling on the unconfined compressive strength of cement-treated aggregate. The mineralogy of the base aggregate was found to make a significant difference in the strength of the CTA, with strength increasing in the following order: mica, limestone, and diabase. The granite aggregate yielded variable results, but the strengths were generally on the order of those determined for the diabase aggregate. The pH of the samples also correlated well, with the measured strengths increasing as the pH increased. As was anticipated, increasing the cement content increased the measured unconfined compressive strength of cylinders that were not subjected to freeze/thaw cycling. The same basic trend was observed in cylinders that were subjected to freeze/thaw cycling; however, the increase was less pronounced in the cylinders that were subjected to physical abrasion during thaw cycles. The fines content did not significantly influence the unconfined compressive strength of the cylinders that were not subjected to freeze/thaw cycling; however, the fines content appeared to confer a protective effect to the durability of the cylinders that were subjected to freeze/thaw. For the freeze/thaw test conditions (with and without physical abrasion), the unconfined compressive strength increased as the fines content was increased.
K. A. Davis; L. S. Warr; S. E. Burns; E. J. Hoppe. Physical and Chemical Behavior of Four Cement-Treated Aggregates. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2007, 19, 891 -897.
AMA StyleK. A. Davis, L. S. Warr, S. E. Burns, E. J. Hoppe. Physical and Chemical Behavior of Four Cement-Treated Aggregates. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2007; 19 (10):891-897.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. A. Davis; L. S. Warr; S. E. Burns; E. J. Hoppe. 2007. "Physical and Chemical Behavior of Four Cement-Treated Aggregates." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 19, no. 10: 891-897.
William Bushman; Thomas Freeman; Edward Hoppe. Stabilization Techniques for Unpaved Roads. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2005, 1936, 28 -33.
AMA StyleWilliam Bushman, Thomas Freeman, Edward Hoppe. Stabilization Techniques for Unpaved Roads. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2005; 1936 ():28-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliam Bushman; Thomas Freeman; Edward Hoppe. 2005. "Stabilization Techniques for Unpaved Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. : 28-33.
Composite piles use fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), plastics, and other materials to replace or protect steel or concrete, with the intent being to produce piles that have lower maintenance costs and longer service lives than those of conventional piles, especially in marine applications and other corrosive environments. Well-documented field loading tests of composite piles are scarce, and this lack of a reliable database may be one reason that composite piles are not in widespread use for load-bearing applications. The purpose of this research is to compare the axial and lateral load behavior of two different types of composite test piles and a conventional prestressed concrete test pile at a bridge construction site in Hampton, Virginia. One of the composite piles is an FRP shell filled with concrete and reinforced with steel bars. The other composite pile consists of a polyethylene plastic matrix surrounding a steel reinforcing cage. The axial structural stiffnesses of the prestressed concrete pile and the FRP pile are similar, and they are both much stiffer than the plastic pile. The flexurel stiffness of the prestressed concrete pile is greater than that of the FRP pile, which is greater than the flexural stiffness of the plastic pile. The axial geotechnical capacities of the test piles decreased in order from the prestressed concrete pile to the FRP pile to the plastic pile. The prestressed concrete pile and the FRP pile exhibited a similar response for lateral load versus deflection, and the plastic pile was much less stiff in lateral loading.
Miguel Pando; George Filz; Carl Ealy; Edward Hoppe. Axial and Lateral Load Performance of Two Composite Piles and One Prestressed Concrete Pile. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2003, 1849, 61 -70.
AMA StyleMiguel Pando, George Filz, Carl Ealy, Edward Hoppe. Axial and Lateral Load Performance of Two Composite Piles and One Prestressed Concrete Pile. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2003; 1849 (1):61-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Pando; George Filz; Carl Ealy; Edward Hoppe. 2003. "Axial and Lateral Load Performance of Two Composite Piles and One Prestressed Concrete Pile." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, no. 1: 61-70.
Problems associated with the use of traditional piling materials in harsh environments include concrete deterioration, steel corrosion, and marine borer attack on timber piles. It has been estimated that the U.S. spends over $1 billion annually in repair and replacement of waterfront piling systems. Such high repair and replacement costs have led several North American highway agencies and researchers to investigate the feasibility of using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite piles, such as concrete-filled FRP piles. These piles, if found viable, could offer advantages such as improved durability and reduced life-cycle costs. However, composite piles have a relatively short track record of performance, and there are few readily accessible, well-documented projects involving use of FRP composite piles. FRP composite materials differ from steel and concrete in properties such as anisotropy, lower stiffness, lower surface hardness, and different surface roughness. Therefore, existing pile design approaches may not be directly applicable to FRP composite piles. The principal focus of this paper is on the skin friction characteristics of FRP composite piles against sand. This paper summarizes the results of sand-to-composite pile interface shear tests on two types of FRP composite piles. The test results are compared with those from sand-to-concrete interface tests. The influence of interface shear strength on pile axial capacity of composite piles is discussed.
Miguel A. Pando; George M. Filz; Joseph E. Dove; Edward J. Hoppe. Interface Shear Tests on FRP Composite Piles. Deep Foundations 2002 2002, 1 .
AMA StyleMiguel A. Pando, George M. Filz, Joseph E. Dove, Edward J. Hoppe. Interface Shear Tests on FRP Composite Piles. Deep Foundations 2002. 2002; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel A. Pando; George M. Filz; Joseph E. Dove; Edward J. Hoppe. 2002. "Interface Shear Tests on FRP Composite Piles." Deep Foundations 2002 , no. : 1.
The goal of the Heated Bridge Technology Program, established in 1991 under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, is to find durable and environmentally friendly heated bridge technologies for ice and snow removal. The first heated bridge built in Virginia is evaluated. The bridge is on Route 60 over the Buffalo River in Amherst County. The project was monitored from its construction in 1995 through winter operations terminating in spring 2000. Data were collected remotely using an electronic data logger interfaced with various temperature and environmental sensors. An infrared camera was used to examine heat distribution across the bridge deck. The results of the study demonstrate that heat pipe technology can provide a feasible option for heating decks. However, substantial problems were encountered in getting the system to perform as designed. It appears that the control aspect of this technology requires additional improvements to ensure reliable operation under field conditions.
Edward J. Hoppe. Evaluation of Virginia’s First Heated Bridge. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2001, 1741, 199 -206.
AMA StyleEdward J. Hoppe. Evaluation of Virginia’s First Heated Bridge. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2001; 1741 (1):199-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward J. Hoppe. 2001. "Evaluation of Virginia’s First Heated Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1741, no. 1: 199-206.
Interim data from the ongoing field study of an experimental shreddedtire embankment constructed near Williamsburg, Virginia, are presented. Approximately 1.7 million shredded tires, mixed with a conventional fill material, were used. The results to date indicate that the settlements are somewhat larger than usual in the embankment, but there are no problems with stability. Groundwater monitoring showed no abnormal concentrations. Infrared scans reveal no signs of a potential exothermic reaction in the embankment core.
Edward Hoppe. Field Study of Shredded-Tire Embankment. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1998, 1619, 47 -54.
AMA StyleEdward Hoppe. Field Study of Shredded-Tire Embankment. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 1998; 1619 (1):47-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward Hoppe. 1998. "Field Study of Shredded-Tire Embankment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1619, no. 1: 47-54.
Preliminary experiments indicate the feasibility of constructing for field use a contaminant-detection instrumentation based on dielectric measurements. This study applies the technique of time-domain reflectometry to assess characteristic "signatures" of some selected contaminants and soil–contaminant mixtures. The results imply that a proper differentiation between various signatures can be attained, allowing an assessment in regard to soil–contaminant status. The proposed technique is similar in principle to the induced-polarization method applied in mineral exploration. Key words: electric polarization, contaminant transport, dielectrics, induced polarization, nonpolar liquids, time-domain reflectometry, relaxation, contaminant–soil interaction.
Raymond N. Yong; Edward Hoppe. Application of electric polarization to contaminant detection in soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 1989, 26, 536 -550.
AMA StyleRaymond N. Yong, Edward Hoppe. Application of electric polarization to contaminant detection in soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 1989; 26 (4):536-550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaymond N. Yong; Edward Hoppe. 1989. "Application of electric polarization to contaminant detection in soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 4: 536-550.