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Climate change is affecting all regions worldwide. Globally, polar ice shields are melting and the sea is rising. Moreover, some regions are facing more common extreme weather events and rainfall, while others are experiencing more extreme heat waves and droughts, causing changes in mean renewable water supplies e.g., precipitation and runoff. In this work, in order to detect possible rainfall trends in the Calabria region (southern Italy), a gridded database has been obtained from a rainfall data set of 129 monthly series collected for the period 1951–2016. In particular, the Inverse Distance Weighed was applied to build 603 rainfall grid series with a spatial resolution of 5 km × 5 km and, for each grid point, the monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series were analyzed with the Mann–Kendall non-parametric test and the Theil–Sen estimator. Results showed a decreasing trend for the annual and winter–autumn rainfall and an increasing trend for the summer one.
Tommaso Caloiero; Roberto Coscarelli; Gaetano Pellicone. Trend Analysis of Rainfall Using Gridded Data over a Region of Southern Italy. Water 2021, 13, 2271 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Roberto Coscarelli, Gaetano Pellicone. Trend Analysis of Rainfall Using Gridded Data over a Region of Southern Italy. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Roberto Coscarelli; Gaetano Pellicone. 2021. "Trend Analysis of Rainfall Using Gridded Data over a Region of Southern Italy." Water 13, no. 16: 2271.
The Mediterranean Basin, located in a transition zone between the temperate and rainy climate of central Europe and the arid climate of North Africa, is considered a major hotspot of climate change, subject to water scarcity and drought. In this work, dry and wet spells have been analyzed in the Wadi Cheliff basin (Algeria) by means of annual precipitation observed at 150 rain gauges in the period 1970–2018. In particular, the characteristics of dry and wet spells (frequency, duration, severity, and intensity) have been evaluated by means of the run theory applied to the 12-month standardized precipitation index (SPI) values. Moreover, in order to detect possible tendencies in the SPI values, a trend analysis has been performed by means of two non-parametric tests, the Theil–Sen and Mann–Kendall test. The results indicated similar values of frequency, severity, duration, and intensity between the dry and the wet spells, although wet events showed higher values in the extreme. Moreover, the results of the trend analysis evidenced a different behavior between the northern side of the basin, characterized by a negative trend in the 12-month SPI values, and the southern side, in which positive trends were detected.
Mohammed Achite; Nir Krakauer; Andrzej Wałęga; Tommaso Caloiero. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Dry and Wet Spells in the Wadi Cheliff Basin, Algeria. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 798 .
AMA StyleMohammed Achite, Nir Krakauer, Andrzej Wałęga, Tommaso Caloiero. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Dry and Wet Spells in the Wadi Cheliff Basin, Algeria. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (6):798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Achite; Nir Krakauer; Andrzej Wałęga; Tommaso Caloiero. 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Dry and Wet Spells in the Wadi Cheliff Basin, Algeria." Atmosphere 12, no. 6: 798.
In this paper, trend detection of wave parameters such as significant wave height, energy period, and wave power along the Italian seas was carried out. To this purpose, wave time series in the period 1979–2018 taken from the global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim by European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were considered. Choosing a significance level equal to 90%, the use of the Mann–Kendall test allowed estimating ongoing trends on the mean values evaluated at yearly and seasonal scale. Furthermore, the assessment of the magnitude of the increase/decrease of the wave parameters was performed through the Theil–Sen estimator. The obtained results underlined that the mean values of the considered wave parameters were characterized by a high occurrence of positive trends in the different Italian seas. The findings of this study could have implications for studies of coastal flooding, shoreline variations, and port operations, and for the assessment of the performances of Wave Energy Converters.
Tommaso Caloiero; Francesco Aristodemo. Trend Detection of Wave Parameters along the Italian Seas. Water 2021, 13, 1634 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Francesco Aristodemo. Trend Detection of Wave Parameters along the Italian Seas. Water. 2021; 13 (12):1634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Francesco Aristodemo. 2021. "Trend Detection of Wave Parameters along the Italian Seas." Water 13, no. 12: 1634.
In the context of climate variability and hydrological extremes, especially in arid and semi-arid zones, the issue of natural risks and more particularly the risks related to rainfall is a topical subject in Algeria and worldwide. In this direction, the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation in the Wadi Cheliff basin (Algeria) has been evaluated by means of annual time series of precipitation observed on 150 rain gauges in the period 1970–2018. First, in order to identify the natural year-to-year variability of precipitation, for each series, the coefficient of variation (CV) has been evaluated and spatially distributed. Then, the precipitation trend at annual scale has been analyzed using two nonparametric tests. Finally, the presence of possible change points in the data has been investigated. The results showed an inverse spatial pattern between CV and the annual rainfall, with a spatial gradient between the southern and the northern sides of the basin. Results of the trend analysis evidenced a marked negative trend of the annual rainfall (22% of the rain gauges for a significant level equal to 95%) involving mainly the northern and the western-central area of the basin. Finally, possible change points have been identified between 1980 and 1985.
Mohammed Achite; Tommaso Caloiero; Andrzej Wałęga; Nir Krakauer; Tarek Hartani. Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Annual Rainfall Variability in the Wadi Cheliff Basin (Algeria) over the Period 1970 to 2018. Water 2021, 13, 1477 .
AMA StyleMohammed Achite, Tommaso Caloiero, Andrzej Wałęga, Nir Krakauer, Tarek Hartani. Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Annual Rainfall Variability in the Wadi Cheliff Basin (Algeria) over the Period 1970 to 2018. Water. 2021; 13 (11):1477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Achite; Tommaso Caloiero; Andrzej Wałęga; Nir Krakauer; Tarek Hartani. 2021. "Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Annual Rainfall Variability in the Wadi Cheliff Basin (Algeria) over the Period 1970 to 2018." Water 13, no. 11: 1477.
In this study, the equivalent dose rate of natural radionuclides ( H T ) in 99 spring water and surface soil samples was determined using an alpha, beta, and gamma high sensitivity detector up within a Geiger-Muller tube and with an external probe NaI (Tl). The samples were collected in the Crati basin (southern Italy), and during sample collection, water quality parameters were detected in situ and at the University of Calabria laboratories. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was applied to identify and clarify the relationships between water physical-chemical properties and soil and water radioactivity. Results show that the mean H T for spring waters is 97.07 μSv/h. Furthermore, the mean H T for surface soils is 97.92 μSv/h, thus evidencing higher mean H T values than worldwide ones reported in a previous literature. Low correlation coefficients were detected between water H T and conductivity and pH. On the contrary, a reasonable correlation was found between H T in spring water and in soil. This relationship is associated with some rocks of the Sila Massif and of Coastal Chain, i.e., plutonic and metamorphic crystalline rocks. Finally, the estimation of the health risk was calculated: results did not evidence serious dangers for people living in the studied environment. The results from this survey for the H T evaluation provide an extensive assessment of the background exposure levels in the investigated area.
Ilaria Guagliardi; Tommaso Caloiero; Ernesto Infusino; Giovanni Callegari; Nicola Ricca. Environmental Estimation of Radiation Equivalent Dose Rates in Soils and Waters of Northern Calabria (Italy). Geofluids 2021, 2021, 1 -8.
AMA StyleIlaria Guagliardi, Tommaso Caloiero, Ernesto Infusino, Giovanni Callegari, Nicola Ricca. Environmental Estimation of Radiation Equivalent Dose Rates in Soils and Waters of Northern Calabria (Italy). Geofluids. 2021; 2021 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlaria Guagliardi; Tommaso Caloiero; Ernesto Infusino; Giovanni Callegari; Nicola Ricca. 2021. "Environmental Estimation of Radiation Equivalent Dose Rates in Soils and Waters of Northern Calabria (Italy)." Geofluids 2021, no. : 1-8.
The Mediterranean region is an area particularly susceptible to water scarcity and drought. In this work, drought has been analyzed in Italy using multiple timescales of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) evaluated from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement product from 2000 to 2020. In particular, drought characteristics (severity, duration, and intensity) have been estimated by means of the run theory applied to the SPI values calculated in 3325 grid points falling within the Italian territory. Results clearly indicate that although a high number of drought events has been identified for the short timescale, these events present a lower duration and lesser severity than the long-timescale droughts. The main outcomes of this study, with the indication of the spatial distribution of the drought characteristics in Italy, allow identifying the areas that could also face water stress conditions in the future, thus requiring drought monitoring and adequate adaptation strategies.
Tommaso Caloiero; Giulio Caroletti; Roberto Coscarelli. IMERG-Based Meteorological Drought Analysis over Italy. Climate 2021, 9, 65 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Giulio Caroletti, Roberto Coscarelli. IMERG-Based Meteorological Drought Analysis over Italy. Climate. 2021; 9 (4):65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Giulio Caroletti; Roberto Coscarelli. 2021. "IMERG-Based Meteorological Drought Analysis over Italy." Climate 9, no. 4: 65.
In this study, the problem of determining, with an adequate statistical significance, the relationship between teleconnection pattern indices and precipitation at climatological time scales has been addressed through a novel technique based on a rainfall zonation, by means of creating a regional precipitation database for a whole‐region correlation approach. Pearson correlation was performed to evaluate the mesoscale influence on precipitation in the Calabria region over the 1951–2010 time period, by means of a database of 79 rain gauges, divided in five Rainfall Zones (RZs) and seven teleconnection pattern indices relevant to the Mediterranean region, searching where results were significant (significance level < 0.05) and with an absolute correlation value higher than a prefixed threshold equal to 0.2. The Calabria region was chosen as it is located in the centre of the Mediterranean area, which constitutes a hot spot for climate change, and because it is equipped with a high‐density, long‐time series of precipitation gauge network, recently validated and homogenized. Correlation analysis between seasonal teleconnection indices and seasonal cumulated precipitation showed that the Western Mediterranean Oscillation and the East Atlantic/West Russian patterns were the most relevant teleconnections over all Calabria. Correlations of 3‐month averaged teleconnection indices versus monthly precipitation showed that the Mediterranean and Western Mediterranean Oscillations produce most significant results with correlation values higher than 0.2, with East Atlantic pattern a third close. Comparison between monthly teleconnection indices and monthly cumulated precipitation indicate that all modes of variability taken into account share a similarly weak correlation. Comparing the rainfall zone‐based study and the technique of averaging individual stations results post‐correlation, it was shown that on average only 43% of the stations would produce useful correlations, while the novel technique used all the valid and available station data, resulting in statistically more robust findings.
Giulio N. Caroletti; Roberto Coscarelli; Tommaso Caloiero. A sub‐regional approach to the influence analysis of teleconnection patterns on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy). International Journal of Climatology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiulio N. Caroletti, Roberto Coscarelli, Tommaso Caloiero. A sub‐regional approach to the influence analysis of teleconnection patterns on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy). International Journal of Climatology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulio N. Caroletti; Roberto Coscarelli; Tommaso Caloiero. 2021. "A sub‐regional approach to the influence analysis of teleconnection patterns on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy)." International Journal of Climatology , no. : 1.
Homogenization techniques and missing value reconstruction have grown in importance in climatology given their relevance in establishing coherent data records over which climate signals can be correctly attributed, discarding apparent changes depending on instrument inhomogeneities, e.g., change in instrumentation, location, time of measurement.
However, it is not generally possible to assess homogenized results directly, as true data values are not known. Thus, to validate homogenization techniques, artificially inhomogeneous datasets, also called benchmark datasets, are created from known homogeneous datasets. Results from their homogenization can be assessed and used to rank, evaluate and/or validate techniques used.
Considering temperature data, the aims of this work are: i) to determine which metrics (bias, absolute error, factor of exceedance, root mean squared error, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient) can be meaningfully used to validate the best-performing homogenization technique in a region; ii) to evaluate through a Pearson correlation analysis if homogenization techniques’ performance depends on physical features of a station (i.e., latitude, altitude and distance from the sea) or on the nature of the inhomogeneities (i.e., the number of break points and missing data).
With this aims, a southern Sweden temperature database with homogeneous, maximum and minimum temperature data from 100 ground stations over the period 1950-2005 has been used. Starting from these data, inhomogeneous datasets were created introducing up to 7 artificial breaks for each ground station and an average of 107 missing data. Then, 3 homogenization techniques were applied, ACMANT (Adapted Caussinus-Mestre Algorithm for Networks of Temperature series), and two versions of HOMER (HOMogenization software in R): the standard, automated setup mode (Standard-HOMER) and a manual setup developed and performed at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI-HOMER).
Results showed that root mean square error, absolute bias and factor of exceedance were the most useful metrics to evaluate improvements in the homogenized datasets: for instance, RMSE for both variables was reduced from an average of 0.71-0.89K (corrupted dataset) to 0.50-0.60K (Standard-HOMER), 0.51-0.61K (SMHI-HOMER) and 0.46-0.53K (ACMANT), respectively.
Globally, HOMER performed better regarding the factor of exceedance, while ACMANT outperformed it with regard to root mean square error and absolute error. Regardless of the technique used, the homogenization quality anti-correlated meaningfully to the number of breaks. Missing data did not seem to have an impact on HOMER, while it negatively affected ACMANT, because this method does not fill-in missing data in the same drastic way.
In general, the nature of the datasets had a more important role in yielding good homogenization results than associated physical parameters: only for minimum temperature, distance from the sea and altitude showed a weak but significant correlation with the factor of exceedance and the root mean square error.
This study has been performed within the INDECIS Project, that is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462).
Giulio Nils Caroletti; Tommaso Caloiero; Magnus Joelsson; Roberto Coscarelli. A validation scheme for homogenization techniques on a Swedish temperature network using artificial inhomogeneities (1950-2005). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiulio Nils Caroletti, Tommaso Caloiero, Magnus Joelsson, Roberto Coscarelli. A validation scheme for homogenization techniques on a Swedish temperature network using artificial inhomogeneities (1950-2005). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulio Nils Caroletti; Tommaso Caloiero; Magnus Joelsson; Roberto Coscarelli. 2021. "A validation scheme for homogenization techniques on a Swedish temperature network using artificial inhomogeneities (1950-2005)." , no. : 1.
Knowledge of bioclimatic comfort is paramount for improving people’s quality of life. To this purpose, several studies related to climatic comfort/discomfort have been recently published. These studies mainly focus on the analysis of temperature and relative humidity, i.e., the main variables influencing the environmental stress in the human body. In this context, the present work aims to analyze the number of visits to the hospital emergency department made by the inhabitants of the Crati River valley (Calabria region, southern Italy) during the heat waves that accompanied the African anticyclone in the summer of 2017. The analysis of the bioclimatic comfort was performed using the humidity index. Results showed that greater the index, the higher the number of accesses to the emergency department, in particular by the most vulnerable population groups, such as children and the elderly.
Ernesto Infusino; Tommaso Caloiero; Francesco Fusto; Gianfranco Calderaro; Angelo Brutto; Giuseppe Tagarelli. Characterization of the 2017 Summer Heat Waves and Their Effects on the Population of an Area of Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 970 .
AMA StyleErnesto Infusino, Tommaso Caloiero, Francesco Fusto, Gianfranco Calderaro, Angelo Brutto, Giuseppe Tagarelli. Characterization of the 2017 Summer Heat Waves and Their Effects on the Population of an Area of Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnesto Infusino; Tommaso Caloiero; Francesco Fusto; Gianfranco Calderaro; Angelo Brutto; Giuseppe Tagarelli. 2021. "Characterization of the 2017 Summer Heat Waves and Their Effects on the Population of an Area of Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 970.
Calabria is a region of southern Italy characterized by several natural and heritage sites located on seaboard areas, within a distance of 300 m from the coast. In fact, 58 Natura 2000 sites and 63 cultural heritage sites (42.9% of which overlap with the Natura 2000 ones) fall within the borders of the region. Within this context, this study has analyzed the connection between natural and cultural goods in the region, considering both seaboard and human impact risk conditions. The results evidenced that 50% and 21% of the natural and cultural heritage sites, respectively, are exposed to the risk of increasing coastal erosion and heavy human impact. Moreover, in order to highlight how cultural heritage sites could be integrated into natural ones within a process of global coastal area management, three case studies have been discussed. In fact, a new kind of approach to coastal regions through an Integrated Coastal Zone Management is necessary in order to valorize the natural and cultural heritage of coastal regions for the social and economic growth of local people.
Nicola Cantasano; Tommaso Caloiero; Gaetano Pellicone; Francesco Aristodemo; Alessandra De Marco; Giuseppe Tagarelli. Can ICZM Contribute to the Mitigation of Erosion and of Human Activities Threatening the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Coastal Landscape of Calabria? Sustainability 2021, 13, 1122 .
AMA StyleNicola Cantasano, Tommaso Caloiero, Gaetano Pellicone, Francesco Aristodemo, Alessandra De Marco, Giuseppe Tagarelli. Can ICZM Contribute to the Mitigation of Erosion and of Human Activities Threatening the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Coastal Landscape of Calabria? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicola Cantasano; Tommaso Caloiero; Gaetano Pellicone; Francesco Aristodemo; Alessandra De Marco; Giuseppe Tagarelli. 2021. "Can ICZM Contribute to the Mitigation of Erosion and of Human Activities Threatening the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Coastal Landscape of Calabria?" Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1122.
In order to investigate the tendency in rainfall amount in Calabria (southern Italy), in this work, monthly rainfall series were first tested for homogeneity and then a trend analysis was performed. In particular, a homogenization approach based on the Climatol method was applied to homogenize monthly climatological series. Then, the Mann–Kendall non-parametric test and the Theil–Sen estimator were applied to evaluate the presence of trends and their significance in the monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series. Moreover, the trend slopes were further evaluated with a linear regression analysis. At the annual scale, results evidenced a decreasing trend mainly in the north-eastern part of the region. At the seasonal scale, a spatial distributed negative trend in winter, and a positive trend in summer, mainly localized in the north-western part of the region, were identified. Finally, on a monthly scale negative trends spreading across the region were detected in January and December, with an opposite behavior in July and especially in September, when almost the entire region presented a positive trend.
Tommaso Caloiero; Eugenio Filice; Roberto Coscarelli; Gaetano Pellicone. A Homogeneous Dataset for Rainfall Trend Analysis in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy). Water 2020, 12, 2541 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Eugenio Filice, Roberto Coscarelli, Gaetano Pellicone. A Homogeneous Dataset for Rainfall Trend Analysis in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy). Water. 2020; 12 (9):2541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Eugenio Filice; Roberto Coscarelli; Gaetano Pellicone. 2020. "A Homogeneous Dataset for Rainfall Trend Analysis in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)." Water 12, no. 9: 2541.
In this paper, the temporal tendencies of temperature data from the island of Sardinia (Italy) were analyzed by considering 48 data series in the period 1982–2011. In particular, monthly temperatures (maximum and minimum), and some indices of daily extremes were evaluated and tested to detect trends using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. Results showed a positive trend in the spring months and a marked negative trend in the autumn-winter months for minimum temperatures. As regards maximum temperatures, almost all months showed positive trends, although an opposite behavior was detected in September and in the winter months. With respect to the extreme indices, a general increasing trend of the series was detected for the diurnal temperature range (DTR), frost days (FD), summer days (SU25), warm (WSDI) and cold (CSDI) spells. As regards tropical nights (TR20), an equal distribution of positive and negative trends has emerged. Results of the spatial analysis performed on the trend marks suggested that Sardinia’s topography could influence temperature variability.
Tommaso Caloiero; Ilaria Guagliardi. Temporal Variability of Temperature Extremes in the Sardinia Region (Italy). Hydrology 2020, 7, 55 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Ilaria Guagliardi. Temporal Variability of Temperature Extremes in the Sardinia Region (Italy). Hydrology. 2020; 7 (3):55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Ilaria Guagliardi. 2020. "Temporal Variability of Temperature Extremes in the Sardinia Region (Italy)." Hydrology 7, no. 3: 55.
Climate change could increase the risk of future hydrological extremes over large regional areas and trigger further pressure on water resource availability. In this study, the overall characteristics of dry and wet spells during a 56-year period (1951–2006) were analysed in the Calabria region (southern Italy), considering both yearly and seasonal scales. In particular, the mean and maximum lengths of dry/wet spells, the number of dry and wet spells with different lengths, and the contribution of dry/wet spells with different lengths to the total number of dry/wet days have been investigated. The results showed similar behaviour of both dry and wet spells in the spatial distribution of the mean lengths, with a difference between the two opposite sides (Ionian and Tyrrhenian) of the region. In fact, mean values ranging between 6 and 8 days, and higher than 8 days have been detected on the Tyrrhenian and on the Ionian side, respectively. The results regarding the maximum values of the lengths show much higher values of dry spells than the wet ones, and different temporal distributions throughout the year. In particular, with respect to dry spells, in autumn the maximum lengths reached values higher than 200 days, while the longest wet spells have been identified in winter, with a maximum value of 44 consecutive days with rain. The outcomes of this study can be useful for both water resources (with respect to the dry sequences) and risk reduction (regarding the wet spells) management.
T. Caloiero; R. Coscarelli. Analysis of the Characteristics of Dry and Wet Spells in a Mediterranean Region. Environmental Processes 2020, 7, 691 -701.
AMA StyleT. Caloiero, R. Coscarelli. Analysis of the Characteristics of Dry and Wet Spells in a Mediterranean Region. Environmental Processes. 2020; 7 (3):691-701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Caloiero; R. Coscarelli. 2020. "Analysis of the Characteristics of Dry and Wet Spells in a Mediterranean Region." Environmental Processes 7, no. 3: 691-701.
Collected rainfall records by gauges lead to key forcings in most hydrological studies. Depending on sensor type and recording systems, such data are characterized by different time-resolutions (or temporal aggregations), ta. We present an historical analysis of the time-evolution of ta based on a large database of rain gauge networks operative in many study areas. Globally, ta data were collected for 25,423 rain gauge stations across 32 geographic areas, with larger contributions from Australia, USA, Italy and Spain. For very old networks early recordings were manual with coarse time-resolution, typically daily or sometimes monthly. With a few exceptions, mechanical recordings on paper rolls began in the first half of the 20th century, typically with ta of 1 h or 30 min. Digital registrations started only during the last three decades of the 20th century. This short period limits investigations that require long time-series of sub-daily rainfall data, e.g, analyses of the effects of climate change on short-duration (sub-hourly) heavy rainfall. In addition, in the areas with rainfall data characterized for many years by coarse time-resolutions, annual maximum rainfall depths of short duration can be potentially underestimated and their use would produce errors in the results of successive applications. Currently, only 50% of the stations provide useful data at any time-resolution, that practically means ta=1 minute. However, a significant reduction of these issues can be obtained through the information content of the present database. Finally, we suggest an integration of the database by including additional rain gauge networks to enhance its usefulness particularly in a comparative analysis of the effects of climate change on extreme rainfalls of short duration available in different locations.
Renato Morbidelli; Amanda Penelope García-Marín; Abdullah Al Mamun; Rahman Mohammad Atiqur; José Luís Ayuso-Muñoz; Mohamed Bachir Taouti; Piotr Baranowski; Gianni Bellocchi; Claudia Sangüesa-Pool; Brett Bennett; Byambaa Oyunmunkh; Brunella Bonaccorso; Luca Brocca; Tommaso Caloiero; Enrica Caporali; Domenico Caracciolo; M. Carmen Casas-Castillo; Carlos G.Catalini; Mohamed Chettih; A.F.M. Kamal Chowdhury; Rezaul Chowdhury; Corrado Corradini; Jeffrey Custò; Jacopo Dari; Nazzareno Diodato; Nolan Doesken; Alexandru Dumitrescu; Javier Estévez; Alessia Flammini; Hayley J. Fowler; Gabriele Freni; Francesco Fusto; Leoncio García-Barrón; Ancuta Manea; Sven Goenster-Jordan; Stuart Hinson; Ewa Kanecka-Geszke; Kanak Kanti Kar; Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz; Miina Krabbi; Jaromir Krzyszczak; Alba Llabrés-Brustenga; José L.J. Ledesma; Tie Liu; Marco Lompi; Loredana Marsico; Giuseppe Mascaro; Tommaso Moramarco; Noah Newman; Alina Orzan; Matteo Pampaloni; Roberto Pizarro-Tapia; Antonio Puentes Torres; Mamunur Rashid; Raúl Rodríguez Solà; Marcelo Sepulveda Manzor; Krzysztof Siwek; Arturo Sousa; P.V. Timbadiya; Tymvios Filippos; Marina Georgiana Vilcea; Francesca Viterbo; Chulsang Yoo; Marcelo Zeri; Georgios Zittis; Carla Saltalippi. The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 590, 125258 .
AMA StyleRenato Morbidelli, Amanda Penelope García-Marín, Abdullah Al Mamun, Rahman Mohammad Atiqur, José Luís Ayuso-Muñoz, Mohamed Bachir Taouti, Piotr Baranowski, Gianni Bellocchi, Claudia Sangüesa-Pool, Brett Bennett, Byambaa Oyunmunkh, Brunella Bonaccorso, Luca Brocca, Tommaso Caloiero, Enrica Caporali, Domenico Caracciolo, M. Carmen Casas-Castillo, Carlos G.Catalini, Mohamed Chettih, A.F.M. Kamal Chowdhury, Rezaul Chowdhury, Corrado Corradini, Jeffrey Custò, Jacopo Dari, Nazzareno Diodato, Nolan Doesken, Alexandru Dumitrescu, Javier Estévez, Alessia Flammini, Hayley J. Fowler, Gabriele Freni, Francesco Fusto, Leoncio García-Barrón, Ancuta Manea, Sven Goenster-Jordan, Stuart Hinson, Ewa Kanecka-Geszke, Kanak Kanti Kar, Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz, Miina Krabbi, Jaromir Krzyszczak, Alba Llabrés-Brustenga, José L.J. Ledesma, Tie Liu, Marco Lompi, Loredana Marsico, Giuseppe Mascaro, Tommaso Moramarco, Noah Newman, Alina Orzan, Matteo Pampaloni, Roberto Pizarro-Tapia, Antonio Puentes Torres, Mamunur Rashid, Raúl Rodríguez Solà, Marcelo Sepulveda Manzor, Krzysztof Siwek, Arturo Sousa, P.V. Timbadiya, Tymvios Filippos, Marina Georgiana Vilcea, Francesca Viterbo, Chulsang Yoo, Marcelo Zeri, Georgios Zittis, Carla Saltalippi. The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 590 ():125258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenato Morbidelli; Amanda Penelope García-Marín; Abdullah Al Mamun; Rahman Mohammad Atiqur; José Luís Ayuso-Muñoz; Mohamed Bachir Taouti; Piotr Baranowski; Gianni Bellocchi; Claudia Sangüesa-Pool; Brett Bennett; Byambaa Oyunmunkh; Brunella Bonaccorso; Luca Brocca; Tommaso Caloiero; Enrica Caporali; Domenico Caracciolo; M. Carmen Casas-Castillo; Carlos G.Catalini; Mohamed Chettih; A.F.M. Kamal Chowdhury; Rezaul Chowdhury; Corrado Corradini; Jeffrey Custò; Jacopo Dari; Nazzareno Diodato; Nolan Doesken; Alexandru Dumitrescu; Javier Estévez; Alessia Flammini; Hayley J. Fowler; Gabriele Freni; Francesco Fusto; Leoncio García-Barrón; Ancuta Manea; Sven Goenster-Jordan; Stuart Hinson; Ewa Kanecka-Geszke; Kanak Kanti Kar; Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz; Miina Krabbi; Jaromir Krzyszczak; Alba Llabrés-Brustenga; José L.J. Ledesma; Tie Liu; Marco Lompi; Loredana Marsico; Giuseppe Mascaro; Tommaso Moramarco; Noah Newman; Alina Orzan; Matteo Pampaloni; Roberto Pizarro-Tapia; Antonio Puentes Torres; Mamunur Rashid; Raúl Rodríguez Solà; Marcelo Sepulveda Manzor; Krzysztof Siwek; Arturo Sousa; P.V. Timbadiya; Tymvios Filippos; Marina Georgiana Vilcea; Francesca Viterbo; Chulsang Yoo; Marcelo Zeri; Georgios Zittis; Carla Saltalippi. 2020. "The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas." Journal of Hydrology 590, no. : 125258.
Rainfall is an irregular phenomenon showing large spatial variability. Unfortunately, spatially distributed data are not always available, because rain gauge networks are not continuously dense and adequately distributed, and they provide only point measurements. In this work, the temporal variability of rainfall in Italy has been investigated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission monthly product for the period 1998–2018. Within this aim, more than 650 grid points falling within the Italian territory have been selected. In order to evaluate the presence of trends and their significance, the monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series were analysed at each grid point with the Mann–Kendall nonparametric test and the Theil–Sen estimator. The broad extension of the area under investigation allowed a better understanding of rainfall trend patterns over space. At annual scale, results evidenced few relevant trends, either positive or negative, involving central Italy (negative trend) and southern Italy (positive trend). A similar trend behaviour has been identified, at seasonal scale, in autumn, with a clear spatial difference between the north and the south of Italy, in winter for the negative trend and in spring for the positive one. In summer, only few grid points in central Italy showed a significant increasing trend.
T. Caloiero; G. N. Caroletti; R. Coscarelli. TRMM-based rainfall temporal analysis over Italy. SN Applied Sciences 2020, 2, 1 -9.
AMA StyleT. Caloiero, G. N. Caroletti, R. Coscarelli. TRMM-based rainfall temporal analysis over Italy. SN Applied Sciences. 2020; 2 (7):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Caloiero; G. N. Caroletti; R. Coscarelli. 2020. "TRMM-based rainfall temporal analysis over Italy." SN Applied Sciences 2, no. 7: 1-9.
Forests ecosystems provide several ecosystem services among which the regulation of the hydrological cycle. These ecosystems are exposed to different forms of disturbances induced by human activities, management strategies, and climate change. The objective of INNOMED project, for the Italian case study, is to understand the response of forest to different silvicultural practices under climate change conditions. The study site is the the Bonis catchment located in the mountain area of Sila Greca (39°25’15’’N, 16°12’38’’W), in the Calabria region (southern Italy). This small catchment has a surface of 1.39 km2 and a mean elevation of 1131 m above sea level. Almost 93% of the total area is covered by forest stand, dominated by about 50-year-old Calabrian pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) forests. In order to simulate the response of the catchment to different climate and management scenarios, FEST-WB distributed hydrological model was used. Within the framework of this project, FEST-FOREST module has been implemented in order to consider vegetation dynamics interactions with the hydrological response of the watershed. Since 1986, the basin was monitored through the installation of different instruments. Rainfall was measured by three rain gauges (with a tipping bucket) together with temperature that were measured at three different meteorological stations. In May 2003, a tower for measurement of eddy fluxes was installed at an altitude of 1100 m a.s.l, on a 54 years old plantation of Laricio pine which allowed monitoring of other parameters. Runoff was measured at the outlet of the catchment using a gauging structure. These data were used for the calibration and validation of the model before being implemented for future scenarios simulations. The results of these simulations delivered the potential impacts and the vulnerability of the Bonis catchment to different scenarios. These outcomes provide for the stakeholders a scientifically based and solid information for a sustainable management of the catchment.
Mouna Feki; Giovanni Ravazzani; Tommaso Caloiero; Gaetano Pellicone. The response of Bonis Catchment in Calabria –Southern Italy to different management options under climate change scenarios. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMouna Feki, Giovanni Ravazzani, Tommaso Caloiero, Gaetano Pellicone. The response of Bonis Catchment in Calabria –Southern Italy to different management options under climate change scenarios. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMouna Feki; Giovanni Ravazzani; Tommaso Caloiero; Gaetano Pellicone. 2020. "The response of Bonis Catchment in Calabria –Southern Italy to different management options under climate change scenarios." , no. : 1.
Due to the importance of precipitation as a climatic and meteorological variable, it is paramount to detect the relationships between teleconnections and precipitation at different temporal and spatial scale. In fact, large-scale systems can i) influence precipitation directly, ii) establish a favourable environment to deep moist convection, and thus extreme precipitation, but also iii) help triggering dry conditions and drought.
In this study, developed within the INDECIS EU project, the teleconnection influence on precipitation in the Calabria region has been evaluated over the 1981-2010 time period, by means of a database of 79 rain gauge stations and seven teleconnections indices. Calabria, the southernmost region of peninsular Italy, was chosen as a valuable test bed mainly because it is located in the centre of the Mediterranean region, which constitutes a hot spot for climate change. Moreover, Calabria has a high-density, long-time network of precipitation gauges, recently validated and homogenized.
Statistical relationships between teleconnection indices and precipitation are often developed through well-known correlation analyses techniques, e.g. Pearson, Spearman and Kendall, where a teleconnection index is compared to cumulated precipitation values. In this study, three types of correlation analysis were performed: i) seasonal indices vs seasonal cumulated precipitation; ii) three-month indices vs monthly cumulated precipitation; iii) monthly indices vs monthly cumulated precipitation. These analyses have been performed in five Rainfall Zones (RZs) of the study area, characterised by different climatic conditions: the North-Eastern Zone (I1), the Central-Eastern Zone (I2) and the South-Eastern Zone (I3) on the Ionian side of Calabria and the North-Western Zone (T1) and the South-Western Zone (T2) on the Tyrrhenian part.
Results showed that the Mediterranean Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation are the most important large-scale contributors to the precipitation regime of Calabria. Moreover, seasonal Eastern Atlantic pattern influenced seasonal precipitation in the RZs I1 and T1; three-monthly East Atlantic/Western Russian pattern influenced monthly precipitation in the RZs I2 and T1; three-monthly Western Mediterranean Oscillation influenced monthly precipitation in the RZs I3 and T1; while three-monthly El Nino-Southern Oscillation influenced monthly precipitation in the RZ T2.
Investigating changes in the response of local precipitation and teleconnections throughout the 1951-2010 and 1951-1980 time periods, a change in precipitation response to teleconnection patterns emerged, i.e., in the impact that the Mediterranean Oscillation has on the East coast precipitation (RZs I1-I3), a possible result of natural variation or climate change. In addition, these results have been compared to those obtained with the classical correlation analyses between teleconnection indices and single-station precipitation.
The approach developed for this study is a general method that, in principle, can be reproduced for any variable for any region and for every teleconnection.
Acknowledgments:
The Project INDECIS is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462).
Giulio Nils Caroletti; Roberto Coscarelli; Tommaso Caloiero. A sub-regional approach for the analysis of atmospheric teleconnection influence on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGiulio Nils Caroletti, Roberto Coscarelli, Tommaso Caloiero. A sub-regional approach for the analysis of atmospheric teleconnection influence on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulio Nils Caroletti; Roberto Coscarelli; Tommaso Caloiero. 2020. "A sub-regional approach for the analysis of atmospheric teleconnection influence on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy)." , no. : 1.
In this study, the skill of TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) data to locate spatially and temporally extreme precipitation has been tested over Calabria, a region in southern Italy.
Calabria is a very challenging region for hydrometeorology studies, as i) it is a mainly mountainous region with complex orography; ii) it is surrounded by sea, providing an abundance of available moisture; iii) it belongs to the Mediterranean region, a hot-spot for climate change.
TMPA, which provides daily data at a 0.25° resolution (i.e., about 25 km at southern Italy latitudes), was tested with regards to three extreme precipitation events that occurred between 1998 and 2019, i.e., the years of TMPA’s operational time frame. The first event, taking place on 07-12/09/2000, lasted for several days and involved most of Calabria. The second (01-04/07/2006) was a very localized midsummer event, which hit a very small area with destructive consequences. Finally, the 18-27/11/2013 event was a ten-day long heavy precipitation event that hit the region in spots.
TMPA daily data were compared against validated and homogenized rain gauge data from 79 stations managed by the Multi-Risk Functional Centre of the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection. TMPA was evaluated both in relative and absolute terms: i) the relative skill was tested by checking if TMPA evaluated correctly the presence of extreme precipitation, defined as daily precipitation passing the 99th percentile threshold; ii) the absolute skill was tested by checking if TMPA reproduced correctly the cumulated precipitation values during the events.
TMPA proved sufficiently able to locate areas subject to heavy cumulated precipitation during large spatially distributed events over the region. However, it showed difficulties in reproducing very localized events, as the 2006 case study was not detected at all, showing that 25-km spatial resolution and daily time resolution proved inadequate to resolve this type of rainfall event.
Results might give insights into the possibility of using satellite data for real-time monitoring of extreme precipitation, especially since the transition from the old TMPA to the new Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) set was completed in January 2020.
Acknowledgments:
The Project INDECIS is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462).
Tommaso Caloiero; Roberto Coscarelli; Giulio Nils Caroletti. Evaluating the skill of satellite data on the individuation of extreme precipitation events in Calabria (southern Italy). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Roberto Coscarelli, Giulio Nils Caroletti. Evaluating the skill of satellite data on the individuation of extreme precipitation events in Calabria (southern Italy). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Roberto Coscarelli; Giulio Nils Caroletti. 2020. "Evaluating the skill of satellite data on the individuation of extreme precipitation events in Calabria (southern Italy)." , no. : 1.
In this work, a gridded database was obtained from a rainfall dataset of 129 monthly series collected for the period 1951–2016 in the Calabria region (southern Italy). The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method was applied to build 603 rainfall grid series with a spatial resolution of 5 km × 5 km. In order to detect possible trends, for each grid point, the seasonal and annual rainfall series were analyzed with the Mann–Kendall non-parametric test and the Theil–Sen estimator. Results showed a decreasing trend for the annual and winter–autumn rainfall and an increasing trend for the summer one.
Tommaso Caloiero; Roberto Coscarelli; Gaetano Pellicone. A Gridded Database for the Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rainfall in Southern Italy (Calabria Region). Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 6 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Roberto Coscarelli, Gaetano Pellicone. A Gridded Database for the Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rainfall in Southern Italy (Calabria Region). Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Roberto Coscarelli; Gaetano Pellicone. 2020. "A Gridded Database for the Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rainfall in Southern Italy (Calabria Region)." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 6.
An analysis of a 40-year long wave time series was performed, along the coasts of Italy, in order to identify ongoing trends of two synthetic parameters, significant wave height (Hs) and energy period (Te), and of the wave power (P). First, wave data were deduced from the global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-INTERIM by the ECMWF and checked to verify their consistency. Then, a trend analysis was performed on mean values evaluated at annual and seasonal scales through the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test for three different significance levels equal to 90%, 95% and 99%. The obtained results could be useful for analyses linked to beach morphodynamics and on the identification of field installations of Wave Energy Converters (WECs).
Tommaso Caloiero; Francesco Aristodemo; Danilo Algieri Ferraro. Changes of Significant Wave Height, Energy Period and Wave Power in Italy in the Period 1979–2018. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 3 .
AMA StyleTommaso Caloiero, Francesco Aristodemo, Danilo Algieri Ferraro. Changes of Significant Wave Height, Energy Period and Wave Power in Italy in the Period 1979–2018. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTommaso Caloiero; Francesco Aristodemo; Danilo Algieri Ferraro. 2020. "Changes of Significant Wave Height, Energy Period and Wave Power in Italy in the Period 1979–2018." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 3.