Black carbon (BC), primary brown carbon (BrC_pri), and secondary brown carbon (BrC_sec) are important light‐absorbing aerosol. BC and BrC from the surrounding area can reach the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and influence climate change and glacial melting. Here, we presented a study of the light absorption, radiative forcing, and potential source areas of BC and BrC over the northeastern, central, and southwestern TP. The higher light absorption was observed in the northeastern and southwestern sites compared to the central TP site. The major carbonaceous light‐absorbing was attributed to BC with the percentages of 65%, 56%, and 82% in Ngari, Qinghai Lake, and Beiluhe, respectively. The heighten contribution of BrC_sec to total light absorption indicated the importance of BrC_sec in the TP, especially in the northeastern and southwestern areas. The BrC_sec radiative forcings relative to BC were much higher than those of BrC_pri. The potential BC and BrC_pri source distributions were obtained.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the role and mechanism of eccDNAs have yet to be elucidated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In our research, three surgically matched NSCLC tissue samples, NSCLC cell lines (H1299, A549, and H460), and a normal lung cell line (MRC-5) were used as study objects. High-throughput eccDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to study the distribution pattern and level of eccDNA expression. The upregulated candidate eccDNA-encoding PLCG2 was validated by routine PCR. Plasmid transfection, RNA interference, qRT‒PCR and western blotting experiments were used to verify the expression level of PLCG2. Our results showed that the chromosome distribution, length distribution, and genomic annotation of the eccDNAs were comparable between the NSCLC and normal groups. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in eccDNAs between NSCLC tissues and matched normal lung tissues. The eccDNA derived from PLCG2 was upregulated in NSCLC cells. TCGA analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that PLCG2 was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and tended to be associated with poor outcome. We also demonstrated that PLCG2 can promote metastasis through the regulation of mitochondrial respiration. These results suggested that PLCG2 identified by eccDNA sequencing acts as an oncogene and might be a new biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.

Hypertension is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with high prevalence worldwide, the current treatment has multiple adverse effects and requires continuous administration. The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists have shown great potential in treating diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity and hypertension. Butyric acid is a potential target in treating hypertension. Yet, the application of GLP‐1 analogue and butyric acid in reducing blood pressure and reversing ventricular hypertrophy remains untapped. In this study, we combined the therapeutic capability of GLP‐1 and butyric acid by transforming Clostridium butyricum (CB) with recombinant plasmid pMTL007 encoded with hGLP gene to construct the engineered probiotics Clostridium butyricum ‐pMTL007‐GLP‐1 (CB‐GLP‐1). We used spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) models to evaluate the positive effect of this strain in treating hypertension. The results revealed that the intragastric administration of CB‐GLP‐1 had markedly reduced blood pressure and improved cardiac marker ACE2, AT2R, AT1R, ANP, BNP, β‐MHC, α‐SMA and activating AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 signalling pathway. The high‐throughput sequencing further demonstrated that CB‐GLP‐1 treatments significantly improved the dysbiosis in the SHR rats via downregulating the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae at the family level and upregulating Lactobacillus at the genus level. Hence, we concluded that the CB‐GLP‐1 greatly improves blood pressure and cardiomegaly by restoring the gut microbiome and reducing ventricular hypertrophy in rat models. This is the first time using engineered CB in treating hypertension, which provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of hypertension.

The exact function of M1 macrophages and CXCL9 in forecasting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still not thoroughly investigated. We investigated the potential of M1 macrophage and C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL9) as predictive markers for ICI efficacy, employing a comprehensive approach integrating multicohort analysis and single‐cell RNA sequencing. A significant correlation between high M1 macrophage and improved overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) was found. M1 macrophage expression was most pronounced in the immune‐inflamed phenotype, aligning with increased expression of immune checkpoints. Furthermore, CXCL9 was identified as a key marker gene that positively correlated with M1 macrophage and response to ICIs, while also exhibiting associations with immune‐related pathways and immune cell infiltration. Additionally, through exploring RNA epigenetic modifications, we identified Apolipoprotein B MRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3G (APOBEC3G) as linked to ICI response, with high expression correlating with improved OS and immune‐related pathways. Moreover, a novel model based on M1 macrophage, CXCL9, and APOBEC3G‐related genes was developed using multi‐level attention graph neural network, which showed promising predictive ability for ORR. This study illuminates the pivotal contributions of M1 macrophages and CXCL9 in shaping an immune‐active microenvironment, correlating with enhanced ICI efficacy. The combination of M1 macrophage, CXCL9, and APOBEC3G provides a novel model for predicting clinical outcomes of ICI therapy, facilitating personalized immunotherapy.

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging environmental pollutants, yet their behavior in the atmosphere remains poorly understood. Using an innovative method capable of detecting plastic particles as small as 200 nanometers, we quantified MPs and NPs in aerosols, dry and wet deposition, and resuspension in two Chinese megacities, Guangzhou and Xi’an. Airborne concentrations reached 1.8 × 10 ⁵ MPs per cubic meter and 5.0 × 10 ⁴ NPs per cubic meter in Guangzhou and 1.4 × 10 ⁵ MPs per cubic meter and 3.0 × 10 ⁴ NPs per cubic meter in Xi’an. Estimates revealed a variation of two to five orders of magnitude in MP and NP fluxes across major atmospheric compartments, dominated by road dust resuspension and rainfall-driven wet precipitation. Plastic particles were more heterogeneously mixed in deposition samples than in aerosols and resuspension, indicating enhanced aggregation and removal. These results provide an integrated assessment of MPs and NPs in urban atmospheric processes and offer critical insights into their transformation, fate, and potential implication for climate, ecosystems, and human health.