Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen common in clinical infections. Phage therapy become a hot research field worldwide again after the post-antibiotic era. This review summarizes the important progress of phage treatments for A. baumannii in the last five years, and focus on the new interesting advances including the combination of phage and other substances (like photosensitizer), and the phage encapsulation (by microparticle, hydrogel) in delivery. We also discuss the remaining challenges and promising directions for phage-based therapy of A. baumannii infection in the future, and the innovative combination of materials in this area may be one promising direction.

Stems and leaves of Mei Pian tree can be used to extract natural D‐borneol. In this study, a variety of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride were used to pretreat leaves of Mei Pian tree, from which natural D‐borneol was extracted by Soxhlet extraction. The extraction efficiency of most pretreated leaves was higher than that of the unpretreated leaves, and that pretreated by DES based on choline chloride and sucrose or choline chloride and glycol was maximal. Moreover, The Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface method was used to optimize the water content, temperature, and pretreatment time. The optimal conditions included pretreatment of Mei Pian tree for 4.07 hr at 44.5°C by DES, which was synthesized using choline chloride, sucrose, and water at the molar ratio of 5:2:5.9, and the extraction efficiency (4.936 mg/g) was maximal, more than twice as much as that of unpretreatment. The results showed that the pretreatment process using DES based on choline chloride and sucrose could effectively improve the extraction efficiency of natural D‐borneol from Mei Pian tree.

Cinnamomum burmannii is a cinnamomum plant rich in natural D-borneol. Natural D-borneol is a bicycle monoterpenoid compound widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Therefore, analyzing the biosynthesis mechanism of natural D-borneol in C. burmannii at the molecular level is helpful for directional breeding in the future and further development and utilization of C. burmannii and its related gene resources. In our study, 76 genes related to terpene metabolism were analyzed through third-generation sequencing and second-generation sequencing. Of these genes, 57 were associated with the synthesis of the terpenoid skeleton, and 19 belonged to terpenoid synthase, including four monoterpenoid synthases, seven sesquiterpenoid synthases, and eight diterpenoid synthases. Two genes in diterpenoid synthase were differentially expressed in high D-borneol and low D-borneol plants. It was speculated that these two genes might be related to D-borneol synthesis. How these two genes participate in the synthesis of D-borneol needs further study.

The bacterial diversity of salted mackerel “one‐night courtyard” at soft frozen area (−7℃–0℃) storage was studied. The fish samples at 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days were analysis for bacterial structure using high‐throughput sequencing technologies (HTS) and biogenic amines using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis results of HTS showed that the dominant bacteria species was varied gradually following with storage time. On the 0th, 21st, and 28th days of storage, dominant Vibrionaceae was accounting for 71.70%, 59.16%, and 70.68% of the total sequences analyzed, respectively. On the 14th and 35th days, Shewanellaceae was the dominant bacterial, accounting for 87.53% and 70.95% of the total sequences analyzed, respectively. In addition, 21st and 28th days, an abundance of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was top. The dominant bacterial of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, was producer of biogenic amines. Furthermore, the analysis results of HPLC shown the total biogenic amines of maximum amount 363.01 mg/kg in the sample of HY.14 lower than 1000 mg/kg of the FDA regulation. The range ability of cadaverine was obvious following with the storage time. Cadaverine was 87.36 mg/kg on the 0th day, and it was maximum amount of 276.89 mg/kg on the 14th days. Putrescine was 20 mg/kg on the 0th day and maximum amount of 55.04 mg/kg on the 28thdays of storage. The tyramine was smallest amount of production, and the largest amount was 38.99 mg/kg on 28th, and the smallest amount was 11.97 mg/kg on 35th. Nevertheless, the maximum amount of histamine was 55.04 mg/kg on the 0th day and about 23.14 mg/kg of histamine was little change from 14th to 35th days of storage. Dominant bacteria affect the change of biogenic amines. The study can help understand the interaction between microbial flora and biogenic amines in the salted mackerel of one‐night courtyard.